HISTORY 


DEPARTMENT  OF  POLICE  SERVICE 


OF  WORCESTER,   MASS., 
FROM  1674  to  1900. 

HISTORICAL  AND  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


ILLUSTRATING  AND    DESCRIBING  THE  ECONOMY,   EQUIPMENT  AND 
EFFECTIVENESS  OF  THE 


POLICE  FORCE  OF  TO-DAY. 


WITH    REMINISCENCES    OF    THE    PAST,   CONTAINING    IN- 
FORMATION FROM  OFFICIAL 
SOURCES. 


BY  HERBERT  M.  SAWYER. 
ARRANGED  BY  R.  E.  MURPHY. 


PUBLISHED  BY 

THE  WORCESTER  POLICE  RELIEF   ASSOCIATION 

WORCESTER,  MASS. 

1900. 


F.  S.  BLANCHARD  &  CO.,  PRINTERS. 
34  FRONT  ST.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


CHAPTER    I. 
THE  FIRST  PEACE  OFFICER. 

Grave  and  Pious  Matoonus  of  the  Nipmuck  Tribe  the  Original  Constable — 
Clothed  with  Authority  of  the  Crown,  He  Inspires  King  Philip's  War — 
Early  Settlement  of  Quinsigamond  and  First  Constables — The  Beat  of  the 
Constable  Along  the  Blackstone  Canal — Work  of  Thief-Detecting  Asso- 
ciation. 

The  story  of  the  Worcester  Police  Department  is  a  story 
of  upbuilding  and  maintenance  of  the  strong  right  arm  of 
the  law  as  the  tiny  village  of  more  than  two  centuries  ago  has 
grown  to  be  a  thriving  city  of  120,000  souls  in  the  last  year  of 
the  nineteenth  century.  This  story  has  never  been  adequately 
told,  yet  it  furnishes  interest,  pathos,  courage,  heroism  and  sen- 
sation enough  to  fill  many  volumes.  In  reviewing  the  history 
of  the  Worcester  police  for  226  years,  this  volume  can  tell  but 
briefly,  yet  with  an  attempt  at  completeness,  of  the  history  of 
the  department  which  is  closely  interwoven  with  the  history  of 
the  city,  and  must  have  more  than  a  passing  attraction  for  every 
citizen  of  the  Heart  of  the  Commonwealth. 

The  character  and  duties  of  the  police  can  only  be  gathered 
from  the  customs,  opinions  and  tastes  of  the  people — the  nature 
of  events  and  the  peculiar  condition  of  things.  It  is  a  bird's- 
eye  view  of  the  character  of  the  times,  the  police  regulation  of 
the  laws,  and  here  and  there  an  inkling  of  the  civil  and  criminal 
jurisprudence. 

Nothing  but  facts  are  dealt  with  here.  Police  departments 
recognize  nothing  but  facts,  and  the  record  of  a  department  is 
a  record  of  nothing  but  facts.  In  the  town's  earliest  days,  it  is 
true,  the  original  policemen  are  shrouded  almost  in  mystery, 
yet  it  is  the  mystery  that  shrouds  the  commonplace  which  peo- 
ple of  the  time  think  not  worth  recording,  until  it  is  too  late 
for  absolute  verification  of  exact  dates  and  names.  Yet  even 
in  this  respect,  the  Police  Department  does  not  waver  far  from 
the  straightest  line  of  correct  information,  and  what  is  printed 
may  be  accepted  for  all  time  as  the  truest  possible  information 


6  History  of  Police  Department, 

regarding  the  Worcester  Police  Department  to  the  year  1901. 
Of  the  story  of  the  Police  Department  of  Worcester  as  a  plan- 
tation, town  and  city,  it  may  be  said,  it  is  simply  a  matter  of 
record,  and  a  record  to  be  proud  of,  for  the  Worcester  Police 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    FLAG. 

Department  has  been  free  from  scandal,  competent  and  coura- 
geous, doing  its  duty  always  faithfully  and  well,  and  keeping  the 
reputation  of  Worcester  as  free  from  criminal  stain  as  any  city 
of  like  population  in  the  world  can  boast.  In  the  preparation  of 
this  book,  it  has  not  been  forgotten  that  the  present  day  is  one 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  7 

of  great  interest  in  matters  of  local  history,  and  so  it  happens 
that  few  books  have  been  compiled  relating  to  Worcester's  his- 
tory which  are  more  valuable  to  students  of  local  history. 

All  communities  have  their  peculiar  standards  of  morals,  and 
there  are  different  classes  in  the  scale.  The  laws  of  the  Puritan 
fathers  were  severe  on  the  licentious  and  vicious.  Women  sus- 
pected of  any  little  improprieties  were  liable  to  be  set  high  upon 
a  stool  in  the  broad  aisle  of  the  church  Sundays,  there  exposed 
to  the  gaze  and  derision  of  the  whole  congregation.  Worcester 
has  had  its  standard  of  morals  always  high,  and  better  police 
rules  have  resulted  in  extreme  measures.  In  the  early  days  the 
pillory  and  the  gaol,  or  cage,  were  put  in  frequent  use,  but  the 
town  fathers  never  consented  to  the  use  of  stocks. 

The  Massachusetts  people  in  their  new  homes  were  almost 
surrounded  with  a  wild,  unexplored  wilderness.  The  General 
Court  of  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  established  a  watch  in  Bos- 
ton in  1631,  but  it  took  more  of  the  character  of  a  military  guard 
than  otherwise.  There  were  numerous  straggling  Indians,  and 
there  were  also  among  the  inhabitants  a  set  of  knaves,  thieves 
and  burglars  of  their  own  kith  and  kin. 

Records  show  that  Worcester  originally  was  a  plantation  con- 
taining eight  square  miles,  purchased  from  the  Indians  for  "12 
pounds  of  lawful  money,"  this  tract  including  what  is  now  por- 
tions of  Holden  and  Auburn.  The  first  constable  was  an  Indian, 
who  had  a  roving  commission  among  the  tribes  of  the  Nipmucks, 
From  the  original  copper-faced  constable  the  police  system  has 
progressed  until  to-day  there  is  a  police  force  in  Worcester  com- 
prising 137  persons,  of  whom  118  are  patrolmen,  and  the  terri- 
tory covered  by  them  is  36  square  miles,  protection  being  af- 
forded to  upward  of  120,000  persons. 

Matoonus,  spoken  of  by  historians  as  a  "grave  and  pious" 
Indian  of  the  Nipmuck  tribe,  on  Pakachoag  hill,  a  short  distance 
south  of  the  present  location  of  Holy  Cross  College,  was  the 
first  peace  officer  for  the  territory  of  which  Worcester  is  now 
a  part.  With  the  appointment  as  constable,  and  with  the  author- 
ity of  the  crown,  Matoonus  went  to  Mendon  in  1675,  where 
he  revenged  the  loss  of  his  offspring  by  murdering  five  inhabi- 
tants of  that  place.  This  act  hastened  the  uprising  against  the 
whites  by  the  Indians  and  precipitated  King  Philip's  War. 
Matoonus  not  only  was  the  first  policeman  appointed,  but  his 
case  is  the  first  suspension  of  a  policeman  of  which  there  is  any 
record. 


8 


History  of  Police  Department, 


Capt.  Daniel  Gookin,  superintendent  of  the  Indians,  an  office 
created  by  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony, 
with  John  Eliot,  apostle  to  the  Indians,  visited  Pakachoag,  Sept. 
17,  1674.  There  was  a  court  kept  among  the  Xipmuck  Indians 
whose  ruler  was  Wattasacompanum.  July  17  a  court  was  or- 
ganized by  Eliot  and  Gookin,  with  John,  alias  Horowanninit,  and 
Solomon,  alias  Wooanckocku,  as  rulers.  John  was  sagamore  of 
the  Xipmuck  tribe,  on  Pakachoag  hill,  and  Solomon  was  saga- 


ALVAN    ALLEN, 

City  Marshal,  1853. 

more  of  the  tribe  on  Tataeset,  or  Tatnuck  hill.  Both  tribes  were 
allies  of  King  Philip  in  the  Indian  War  of  1675  and  1676.  These 
red  men  had  made  considerable  advances  in  civilization,  and 
some  of  them  professed  Christianity.  In  Sagamore  John's  rude 
hut  on  Pakachoag  hill  the  court  constituting  John  and  Solomon 
as  rulers,  was  established  by  direction  of  the  General  Court,  and 
this  authority  was  accepted  by  the  rulers.  The  newly  constituted 
court,  with  Eliot  and  Gookin,  selected  from  the  Xipmuck  tribe 
"a  grave  and  sober  Indian"  called  Matoonus.  He  was  confirmed 
constable,  and  in  his  history  Gookin  says :  "Then  I  gave  both 
the  rulers,  teacher  and  constable  of  the  people  their  respective 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  9 

charges  to  be  diligent  and  faithful  for  God,  zealous  against  sin, 
and  careful  in  sanctifying  the  Sabbath ;  to  apprehend  drunkards, 
cake  away  their  strong  drink,  and  bring  the  offenders  before  the 
constable  for  punishment."  The  historians  of  the  period  heap 
upon  Matoonus  a  load  of  abusive  and  uncharitable  epithets. 
Sagamore  John,  that  he  might  ingratiate  himself  with  the  Eng- 
lish, whose  friendship  he  was  willing  to  seek,  got  into  his  hands 
"an  old  malicious  villain" — one  Matoonus — who  was  the  first 
to  do  any  mischief  in  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony,  July 
14,  1676,  bearing  an  old  grudge  against  them,  as  is  thought,  for 
justice  that  was  done  upon  one  of  his  sons  in  1671. 

Increase  Mather,  in  his  history,  speaking  of  Matoonus,  says : 
"Matoonus,  who  was  the  first  Indian  that  shed  innocent  blood 
in  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony,  had  some  years  before  pre- 
tended something  of  religion,  being-  a  professor  in  general  (al- 
though never  baptized),  that  so  he  might  the  more  covertly  man- 
age the  hellish  design  of  revenge  that  was  harbored  in  his  devil- 
ish heart;  but  at  last  Sagamore  John,  with  some  of  his  Indians, 
unexpectedly  surprised  and  delivered  him  to  justice." 

William  Lincoln's  "History  of  Worcester"  refers  to  Matoonus 
as  follows :  "In  1677  the  settlement  was  prosperously  advancing, 
and  the  inhabitants  had  built  after  the  manner  of  a  town,  when 
the  war  with  Philip,  of  Alt.  Hope,  broke  out  in  Plymouth 
county.  Although  remote  for  a  time,  the  war  soon  approached 
the  plantation  of  Quinsigamond.  The  son  of  Matoonus  had  been 
executed  in  1671  for  the  murder  of  an  Englishman,  and  his  head 
placed  on  a  pole  on  Boston  Common,  where  it  long  remained 
as  the  terrific  memorial  of  justice.  The  father,  a  grave  and 
sober  Indian,  appointed  by  Gookin  constable  of  Pakachoag,  in 
his  profession  of  Christianity  had  not  forsaken  the  principle  so 
deeply  cherished  by  his  people.  July  10,  1675,  he  visited  Men- 
don,  and  revenged  the  loss  of  his  offspring  by  the  death  of  five 
of  its  inhabitants.  This  was  the  signal  for  the  commencement 
of  a  desperate  contest.  July  27,  1676,  Sagamore  John  surren- 
dered and  returned  to  Boston,  bringing  180  of  his  followers.  To 
propitiate  favor  and  purchase  peace,  for  an  acceptable  offering 
he  had  treacherously  seized  Matoonus,  who  had  shed  the  first 
blood  in  Massachusetts  on  the  beginning  of  the  war,  in  Mendon, 
and  had  brought  him  down  bound  with  cords  to  be  given  up  to 
justice.  Matoonus,  having  been  examined,  was  condemned  to 
immediate  death.  Sagamore  John,  with  the  new-born  zeal  of 


10 


History  of  Police  Department, 


a  traitor,  to  signal  his  devotion  to  the  cause  he  adopted  by  ex- 
traordinary rancor  against  that  which  he  deserts,  entreated  for 
himself  and  his  men  the  office  of  executioner.  Matoonus  was 
led  out,  and  being  tied  to  a  tree  on  Boston  Common,  was  shot 
by  his  own  countrymen,  his  head  cut  off  and  placed  upon  a 
pole  opposite  to  that  of  his  son,  who  formerly  suffered  on  the 
same  spot  for  a  real  or  supposed  murder  committed  in  1671." 
Three  attempts  were  made  before  Worcester  was  permanent 


LOVETX    BAKER, 

City   Marshal,  1854. 


ly  settled.  In  1674  a  few  settlers  cultivated  land  taken  by  them 
in  different  sections  of  the  plantation  of  Quinsigamond,  and  Oct. 
11,  1675,  Daniel  Gookin  petitioned  the  General  Court  to  survey 
a  "meet  place  for  plantation"  near  Quinsigamond  pond.  King 
Philip's  War  drove  away  the  settlers,  and  not  until  ten  years 
later  was  the  second  attempt  made.  April  i,  1684,  the  County 
Court  of  Middlesex  county  ordered  that  "the  people  of  plantation 
Quinsigamond  meet  together  on  the  Lord's  day  to  worship  God, 
and  Capt.  Daniel  Henchman  is  required  and  authorized  by  the 
court  to  take  special  care  to  prevent  the  prophanation  of  the 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  n 

Sabbath  by -neglect  thereof."  Daniel  Gookin,  Thomas  Prentis 
and  Daniel  Henchman,  the  committee  from  the  General  Court 
on  settling  and  ordering  the  new  plantation  near  Quinsigamond, 
in  the  roadway  from  Boston  to  Connecticut,  gave  approbation 
that  Thomas  Browne  of  Cambridge  desire  the  County  Court  of 
Middlesex  to  give  him  a  license  to  furnish  travelers  with  wine 
and  strong  waters.  This  license  was  granted  Dec.  15,  1674,  to 
"keep  an  ordinary  at  plantation  of  Quinsigamond."  This  was 
the  first  inn-holder's  license  of  the  first  settlement.  In  1684 
Nathaniel  Henchman  was  given  a  license  to  "sell  and  furnish 
travelers  with  rhum  and  other  strong  waters  in  bottles  of  a  pint 
or  quart,  but  not  to  retayl  any  in  his  house  or  suffer  tipling." 
He  had  the  first  license  in  the  second  settlement.  His  house 
was  north  of  Lincoln  square,  where  now  is  the  freight-house  of 
the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad.  Other  early  inn-holders  were 
James  Rice,  John  Hubbard,  William  Jennison  and  Robert  Gray. 

The  settlement  was  so  far  advanced  that  in  June,  1684,  the 
appointment  of  a  constable,  fence-viewers  and  hogreeves  was 
required.  The  following  is  the  order  of  the  court,  April  17,  1684: 
"At  the  motion  and  desire  of  the  committee  of  ye  Plantation  of 
Ouansicamund  this  court  doth  order  that  William  Weeks  be 
constable  for  ye  plantation  for  one  year  next  ensuing,  and  that 
he  have  all  the  power  of  a  constable  as  the  law  directs,  and  Capt. 
Daniel  Henchman  is  empowered  to  give  said  constable  his  oath." 
This  is  the  first  record  of  the  appointment  of  a  constable  in  the 
settlement  of  Quinsigamond.  Sept.  10,  1684,  the  name  of  the 
plantation  of  Quinsigamond  was  changed  to  Worcester. 

The  first  assault  case  that  came  before  the  court  while  Worces- 
ter was  a  plantation  was  brought  Oct.  2,  1685,  by  George  Dan- 
son  against  Capt.  George  Wing,  one  of  the  Plantation  Committee. 
Danson  had  lived  in  Boston,  and  twice  had  been  whipped  for 
attending  a  religious  service  of  the  Quakers.  He  claimed  that 
Wing  assaulted  him  while  laying  out  a  parcel  of  land  near  North 
Pond.  When  the  case  came  into  court,  the  charge  of  assault 
was  dropped  and  that  of  defamation  of  character  was  substituted. 
Danson  lost  the  case. 

The  third  settlement  was  in  1713,  and  was  permanent.  The 
records  from  1686  to  1813  are  meagre  and  indefinite,  except  to 
show  that  the  Indians  caused  a  second  desertion  of  the  place, 
the  most  serious  interruption  being  during  the  raging  of  Queen 
Anne's  War,  beginning  in  1702,  when  Digory  Sergeant  was 


12  History  of  Police  Department, 

killed  and  his  family  taken  prisoners.  Sergeant's  death  and  the 
capture  of  his  family  is  prominent  as  an  historical  event  of  the 
early  settlement  of  Worcester.  In  1722  Worcester  was  incor- 
porated as  a  town.  June  17,  1722,  a  warrant  was  issued  by  Ira 
Fullam  of  Weston,  justice  of  the  peace,  calling  a  town  meeting, 
and  was  given  to  Lieuts.  Jonas  Rice  and  Henry  Lee,  there  being 
no  constables.  The  meeting  was  Sept.  30,  1722,  and  Jonathan 
Moore  and  John  Hubbard  were  elected  constables  and  James 


JONATHAN    DAY, 

City  Marshiil,  1855. 

Holden  and  Jacob  Holmes  tithingmen.  Police-duty  had  been 
done  in  a  general  way  by  the  militia,  and  for  a  long  time  after  the 
incorporation  of  the  town  the  military  organization  was  looked 
to  for  protection  of  the  citizens.  The  records  of  the  town  of 
Worcester  have  little  touching  upon  the  subject  of  police.  There 
is  no  record  of  the  appointment  of  a  night-watch  aside  from  the 
constabulary  watch  and  ward,  and  the  reports  of  the  town  treas- 
urers contain  no  record  of  payment  of  funds  for  police-duty  of 
any  description  beyond  what  was  paid  out  to  constables  for 
serving  of  warrants  and  collection  of  taxes. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Selectmen   Oct.    12,   1722,  the  northern 
and  southern  precincts  of  the  town,  then  including  Holden  and 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  13 

one-half  of  Auburn,  were  established  by  the  following  vote: 
That  "the  country  road  shall  be  the  line  between  the  constables 
from  Leicester  to  half-way  river,  and  from  thence  said  river  to 
be  the  line  till  it  comes  to  Mill  brook;  thence  said  brook  to 
be  the  line  until  it  comes  up  to  the  country  road ;  then  the  road  to 
be  the  line  to  Shrewsbury,  and  to  be  known  by  the  names  of 
the  North  and  South  Precincts."  At  the  meeting  Oct.  19,  1722, 
the  Selectmen  were  directed  to  procure  staves  for  the  consta- 
bles and  the  tithingmen.  In  1723  James  Rice  and  Zephaniah 
Rice  were  chosen  constables  and  James  Moore  and  James 
Kelogth  tithingmen. 

The  oldest  people  of  New  England  remember  the  tithingman 
as  a  sort  of  Sunday  constable,  whose  special  duty  it  was  in  the 
old  parish  meeting-house  to  quell  the  restlessness  of  youth  and 
to  disturb  the  slumbers  of  age.  This  ancient  watchman  was  a 
primitive  character.  The  original  town  record  shows  it  was  the 
duty  of  the  tithingman  not  merely  to  preserve  order  in  the  meet- 
ing-house, but  to  see  that  everyone  went  to  church.  He  was  a 
kind  of  an  ecclesiastical  "whipper-in."  In  New  England  the  execu- 
tion of  the  laws  for  the  observance  of  the  Sabbath  in  other  ways 
than  going  to  church  was  intrusted  to  the  local  tithingman. 
Travel  on  that  day  was  strictly  forbidden.  The  law  against 
Sunday  travel  has  been  rigidly  enforced  in  one  way  and  another 
by  tithingman,  constables,  local  police  or  public  opinion  down 
to  the  present  day. 

From  the  colonial  laws  of  Massachusetts  it  appears  that  the 
functions  of  tithingmen  were  not  restricted  to  the  arrest  of  all 
Sabbath-breakers,  but  extended  to  the  inspection  of  licensed  inns 
for  the  discovery  of  disorderly  tipplers.  Even  by  such  links  as 
these  were  the  towns  bound  to  the  old  English  parish  life.  The 
use  of  the  pillory  and  stocks  in  punishment  for  drunkenness 
was  a  similar  link  of  parish  habit.  The  tithingman  is  the  histor- 
ical prototype  of  the  parish  constable,  for  constables  were  ap- 
pointed long  before  tithingmen.  They  had  many  functions  in 
common  with  constables.  Both  endeavored  to  repress  tippling, 
gaming,  night-walking,  strolling,  begging,  roaming  streets  or 
fields,  and  idleness  in  general.  They  restrained  butchers  and 
drovers  from  cruelty  to  animals,  and  kept  boys  and  all  persons 
from  swimming  in  the  water.  The  tithingman  was  the  father  of  the 
hamlet.  He  felt  himself  personally  responsible  for  the  char- 
acter and  conduct  of  all  householders  in  his  neighborhood.  He 


14  History  of  Police  Department, 

was  held  strictly  to  account  by  the  Selectmen  or  townsmen  for 
the  presence  of  any  new-comer  in  the  hamlet.  He  was  keeper 
of  peace ;  he  was  arbitrator  between  neighbor  and  kinsman ;  he 
regulated  the  division  of  land,  the  use  of  pastures  or  meadows ; 
he  announced  the  time  of  harvest,  and  when  enclosures  were 
to  be  removed  and  fences  put  up.  He  was  a  man  having  author- 
ity in  a  small  neighborly  way,  and  foreshadowed  the  petty  con- 
stable and  the  easy-going  Selectmen  of  our  modern  New  Eng- 
land towns. 


FREDERIC    WARREN. 
City  Marshal,  iS56-'57-'5S. 

One  of  the  first  persons  committed  for  refusing  to  pay  a  fine  was 
Joseph  Dyer.  He  came  to  Worcester  in  1736,  and  was  a  lawyer 
and  shopkeeper.  For  twenty  years  he  objected  to  the  town 
records  and  protested  against  all  municipal  proceedings.  In 
1759  he  was  committed  to  jail  for  neglecting  to  discharge  a  fine 
incurred  by  absence  from  a  military  muster.  The  fine  amounted 
to  sixteen  pence.  He  had  refused  to  bear  his  burden  of  taxa- 
tion. In  1764  the  sum  necessary  for  his  liberation  was  raised 
by  subscription,  and  he  was  forcibly  ejected  from  the  jail,  pro- 
testing as  he  went.  While  in  jail  he  compiled  a  dictionary  of  the 
English  language. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  15 

In  1724  Constable  James  Rice  was  ordered  to  "warn  William 
Hamilton  to  depart  forthwith  from  Worcester  with  all  his  sub- 
stance and  never  to  reside  there  any  more."  On  March  27, 
1723,  the  town  paid  three  pounds  to  each  of  the  constables  as 
a  gratuity  for  gathering  the  tax  of  three  pence  per  acre.  The 
jails  and  lockups  in  the  early  history  of  the  town  were  at  Lin- 
coln square.  For  many  years  they  were  of  an  inferior  design, 
but  in  1732  a  new  jail  was  built  on  the  south  side  of  Lincoln 
square.  Until  the  present  jail  on  Summer  street  was  built  in 
1819,  jails  were  in  that  vicinity. 

An  act  for  keeping  watches  and  wards  in  towns  for  the  pre- 
vention of  disorders  in  streets  and  public  places,  was  passed  by 
the  Legislature  March  10,  1797,  this  act  repealing  the  acts  of 
1699,  1703,  1711,  1712,  1726  and  1752,  which  had  provided  in 
a  general  way  for  keeping  the  peace  in  towns. 

Section  i  provided  that  all  male  persons  of  the  age  of  eighteen 
years  or  upward  shall  be  liable  to  watch  or  ward,  except  all 
persons  who  shall  live  more  than  two  miles  from  the  place  where 
the  watch  or  wards  are  kept,  and  except  also  the  justice  of  the 
peace  and  the  selectmen  of  the  town  or  district  and  the  sheriffs 
of  the  county  and  the  ministers  of  the  gospel. 

Section  2  provided  that  when  so  often  as  a  military  watch  shall 
not  be  appointed  to  be  kept,  the  justice  of  the  peace,  together 
with  the  selectmen  of  each  town,  shall  have  the  power  from 
time  to  time  to  direct  a  suitable  watch  or  watches  to  be  kept 
nightly  from  9  o'clock  until  sunrise ;  and  also  a  ward  to  be  kept 
in  the  daytimes  and  evenings,  when  they  shall  think  the  same 
watch  and  ward  necessary ;  the  constables  shall  have  authority 
to  warn  such  watch  and  ward  and  see  that  the  duties  are  per- 
formed, and  to  take  care  that  some  able  householders  be  joined 
in  each  watch  and  ward.  Constables  shall  charge  the  watch 
to  see  that  all  disturbances  and  disorders  in  the  night  shall  be 
prevented  and  suppressed,  and  to  examine  all  persons  whom 
they  shall  see  walking  abroad  in  the  night  after  10  o'clock,  and 
whom  they  have  reason  to  suspect  of  any  unlawful  intention 
or  design,  inquire  of  their  business  and  whither  they  are  going. 
Each  constable,  when  attending  the  watch  and  ward,  shall  carry 
with  him  the  usual  badge  of  his  office. 

Section  3  provided  that  when  any  town  shall  judge  that  a 
watch  may  be  kept  more  for  the  benefit  and  safety  thereof,  and 
the  inhabitants  shall  agree  to  support  the  charge  of  the  same, 


1 6  History  of  Police  Department, 

the  justice  in  the  court  of  general  sessions  of  the  peace  within 
the  county  wherein  such  town  lies,  upon  application  made,  are 
hereby  empowered  to  direct  and  order  the  rule  for  apportioning 
and  levying  such  sum  upon  the  inhabitants  and  residents  of  such 
town  as  shall  be  granted  by  the  town  for  that  purpose. 

Section  4  provided  that  one  sober,  discreet,  able-bodied  house- 
holder shall  be  appointed  officer  of  the  watch  (if  a  watch  shall 
be  appointed  and  agreed  upon  different  from  a  constables' 


J.  WALDO    DENNY, 

City  Marshal,  1858. 

watch)  by  said  justices  and  selectmen,  to  take  charge  and  com- 
mand of  such  watch,  who,  as  the  badge  of  his  office,  shall  carry 
a  quarter-pike,  with  a  spire  on  the  top  thereof,  and  every  watch- 
man, as  well  in  this  as  in  the  constables'  watch,  shall  carry  a 
staff  with  a  bill  thereon,  as  is  usual. 

Section  5  provided  that  any  person  refusing  to  serve  on  the 
watch  shall  forfeit  a  fine  of  $i  for  each  offense,  to  the  use  of 
the  poor  of  the  town  or  district,  and  any  person  refusing  to  per- 
form the  duties  of  watchman  shall  pay  a  fine  of  $10. 

Section  6  provided  that  when  the  justices  or  selectmen  shall 
inspect  the  order  of  the  town  at  night,  the  watchmen  and  con- 
stables shall  attend  them  and  obev  their  commands. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  17 

Section  7  provided  that  the  fee  of  the  gaoler  for  each  person 
taken  up  in  the  night  shall  be  twenty-five  cents  when  committed 
until  morning. 

The  town  of  Worcester  did  not  act  under  this  law  so  far 
as  it  applied  to  a  watch  and  ward,  independent  of  the  constables' 
watch.  The  law  and  order  of  the  town  was  maintained  by  the 
constables,  who  received  fees  for  their  work,  the  records  not 
showing  that  any  stated  sum  was  paid  for  police-duty.  In  1838 
and  1840  there  are  records  of  police-work  done  by  Ivers  Phillips 
as  a  constable.  He  was,  with  Frederic  Warren,  the  most  prom- 
inent police  official  in  Worcester  before  it  was  incorporated  as 
a  city.  Some  creditable  police-work  was  done  by  these  two 
officials,  but  the  records  name  them  as  constables,  indicating 
that  the  establishment  of  a  permanent  night-watch  or  police  de- 
partment did  not  come  until  after  Worcester's  incorporation  as 
a  city. 

The  constables  from  1825  until  1848,  when  Worcester  was  in- 
corporated as  a  city,  were :  John  Gleason,  Jr.,  Thomas  Howe, 
Timothy  W.  Bancroft,  Lewis  Bigelow,  Luther  Burnett,  Jr.,  John 
F.  Clark,  Joseph  Lovell,  William  Chamberlain,  Levi  A.  Dowley, 
Samuel  Ward,  Asa  Hamilton,  Dorrance  J.  Wilder,  Charles  A. 
Hamilton,  Simeon  Gleason,  Lewis  Thayer,  Billings  Hobart, 
Charles  M.  Deland,  Edward  H.  Hemenway,  Charles  P.  Bancroft, 
Clarendon  Wheelock,  Asa  Matthews,  William  R.  Wesson,  Seth 
Fisher,  Lyman  Whitcomb,  W^arren  Hinds,  Samuel  R.  Jackson, 
Gordin  Gould,  Luther  Capron,  Joel  Wilder,  Danforth  H.  Bundy, 
Leonard  Pool,  Peter  Richardson,  Ivers  Phillips,  Benjamin 
Flagg*  Joseph  Lovell,  George  Hobbs,  Rufus  Hastings, 
William  M.  Bickford,  Harrison  G.  Howe,  William  Green- 
leaf,  Charles  Hersey,  Parley  Goddard,  Whiting  Gates,  Clau- 
dius B.  Long,  George  B.  Conklin,  John  H.  Knight,  Benja- 
min B-.  Otis,  Levi  Jackson,  Thornton  A.  Merrick,  Asa  D.  Whitte- 
more,  Benjamin  Walker,  Samuel  Banister,  Rufus  Rice,  Charles 
Davis,  George  Jones,  Francis  Strong,  Rudolphus  C.  Edwards, 
Calvin  W.  Ainger,  Frederic  Warren,  Sumner  Pratt,  Luther 
Gunn,  Jubal  H.  Haven,  Lewis  Thayer,  Charles  Warren,  Edwin 
Eaton.  In  1846  there  were  twelve  constables,  and  they  did  all 
the  civil  business  as  well  as  looking  out  for  the  protection  of 
the  inhabitants.  On  the  occasion  of  the  funeral  of  Capt.  George 
Lincoln,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista  Feb.  23,  1847,  which 
was  July  22,  a  special  appointment  of  constables  was  made,  in- 


1 8  History  of  Police  Department, 

eluding  these  names :  Alvan  Allen,  Samuel  D.  Harding,  William 
C.  Whiting,  Andrew  A.  Williams,  Joseph  Lovell,  Jr.,  George  \\  . 
Wilder,  Charles  P.  Bapcroft,  Jonathan  Luther,  Henry  Earle, 
Silas  Dinsmore,  Peregrine  B.  Gilbert,  John  F.  Gleason,  Adolphus 
Morse,  William  C.  Clark,  Fitzroy  Willard,  Samuel  Banister  and 
Francis  Strong. 

The  Worcester  Association  of  Mutual  Aid  in  Detecting  Thieves 
proved  a  valuable  auxiliary  to  the  police  authorities  of  the  town 


W.  S.  LINCOLN, 

City  Marshal,  1859. 

in  the  days  when  constables  were  few  in  number.  The  associa- 
tion was  organized  Nov.  16,  1795,  and  its  constitution  was  re- 
vised in  1837,  1857  and  1862.  The  preamble  of  the  association 
is : 

Whereas,  the  practice  of  stealing  has  been  so  prevalent  of  late 
that  it  becomes  necessary  for  the  well  disposed  to  unite  in  the 
most  effective  measures  for  protecting  their  property  against  the 
hostile  incursions  of  unprincipled  individuals  and  lawless  free- 
booters that  infest  our  community. 

We,  the  subscribers,  do  therefore  associate  ourselves  together 
for  the  purpose  of  more  effectually  providing  means  for  the  re- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  19 

covery  of  any  property  that  may  be  stolen  from  the  members 
of  the  association  by  mutually  aiding  each  other,  by  the  adoption 
of  the  most  effective  measures  for  bringing  offenders  to  justice. 

The  constitution  provided  for  holding  the  annual  meeting  the 
second  Tuesday  in  January.  The  officers  consisted  of  a  board 
of  directors,  clerk  and  treasurer,  and  a  pursuing  committee  con- 
sisting of  twelve  members.  One  of  the  articles  of  the  by-laws 
was  that  any  member  of  the  association  who  shall  refuse  when 
detached  by  the  directors  to  go  in  pursuit  of  a  thief  or  thieves 
shall  be  excluded  from  the  benefits  of  the  association.  Another 
article  provided  for  the  payment  of  a  member  such  sum  as  seems 
reasonable  for  active  work  of  pursuing,  but  in  1837  this  article 
was  amended  by  providing  for  the  payment  of  $1.25  a  day  when 
actually  engaged  in  the  services  of  the  association,  and  an  ad- 
ditional compensation  of  one-twelfth  of  a  dollar  a  mile  for  all 
necessary  travel.  The  first  treasurer  and  clerk  was  David  An- 
drews, and  the  members  admitted  in  1795  were  David  Andrews, 
Samuel  Andrews,  John  Barnard,  Samuel  Brazen,  Samuel  Brooks, 
John  Chamberlain,  ThaddeusChapin,  Oliver  Fisher,  Samuel  Flagg, 
Daniel  Colliding,  John  Green,  Jr.,  Asa  Hamilton,  Abel  Heywood, 
Benjamin  Heywood,  Daniel  Heywood,  Daniel  Heywod,  2d,  Joel 
Howe,  Phineas  Jones,  Ephraim  Mower,  Nathaniel  Paine,  John 
Pierce,  Ebenezer  Reed,  Robert  Smith,  Charles  Stearns,  Isaiah 
Thomas,  Walter  Tufts,  Asa  Ward,  Joshua  Whitney,  Daniel  Wil- 
lington,  and  Leonard  Worcester.  Persons  who  became  members 
during  the  first  fifteen  years  of  its  existence  include  the  follow- 
ing: 1801,  William  Caldwell,  Ebenezer  Mower,  Ebenezer  Wis- 
well;  1802,  David  Curtis,  William  Eaton;  1803,  William  Cald- 
well, 2d;  1804,  Joseph  Daniels,  William  McFarland,  Jonas  Rice, 
Peter  Slater,  Nathaniel  Stowell,  Peter  Stowell,  Benjamin  T.  Fos- 
ter; 1805,  Samuel  Chandler,  Elnathan  Pratt;  1806,  Elisha  Flagg, 
John  Foxcroft,  Joseph  Holbrook,  Jacob  Miller,  Rufus  Paine, 
Geer  Terry;  1807,  Thomas  Chamberlain,  Reuben  Munroe;  1808, 
Theodore  Wheeler;  1809,  John  Curtis,  Enoch  Flagg  and  Joseph. 
Lovell.  Other  names  that  appear  in  the  list  of  membership  up 
to  1862  include  John  Green,  William  G.  Green,  Levi  Lincoln, 
John  Earle,  Levi  Lincoln,  Jr.,  Artemas  Ward,  Nathaniel  Gates, 
Samuel  Ward,  John  M.  Earle,  Lewis  Barnard,  Ichabod  Wash- 
burn,  James  Estabrook,  Osgood  Bradley,  Joseph  Pratt,  Artemas 
Ward,  2d,  Horatio  N.  Tower,  William  R.  Wesson,  John  Bar- 
nard, Asa  Matthews,  Ivers  Phillips,  W.  C.  Clark,  Albert  Curtis, 


20  History  of  Police  Department, 

John  Hammond,  Edward  Earle,  Leonard  Fales,  Elizabeth  Green, 
F.  H.  Kinnicutt,  Joseph  Boyden,  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton,  Genery 
Twitchell,  Levi  Jackson,  E.  Harrington,  D.  Waldo  Lincoln. 
These  familiar  names  appear  in  the  list  of  membership  since 
1848:  Elliott  Swan,  Fred  Warren,  T.  P.  Curtis,  Jason  Temple, 
J.  C.  Ripley,  Dennis  G.  Temple,  Priestly  Young,  C.  B.  Pratt, 
James  H.  Wall,  Hiram  Fobes,  O.  B.  Hadwen,  Charles  Hamilton, 
Ashley  Moore,  J.  B.  Pratt,  R.  C.  Taylor.  The  original  mem- 


1VERS    PHILLIPS, 

City   Marshal,    :86o. 

bers  of  the  Pursuing  Committee  consisted  of  Thaddeus  Chapin, 
1806  and  1807;  Daniel  Heywood,  1806  and  1807;  Phineas  Jones, 
1806;  Joshua  Whitney,  1801 ;  Daniel  Willington,  1803;  Ebenezer 
Mower,  1803;  Ebenezer  Wiswell,  1804,  1805  and  1811. 

In  1843  the  association  was  organized  with  County  Treasurer 
Anthony  Rice  as  Treasurer  and  Clerk ;  Directors,  Ephraim 
Mower,  George  T.  Rice,  John  W.  Lincoln,  Otis  Corbett,  Leon- 
ard W.  Stowell,  Alpheus  Merrineld,  Lewis  Bigelow,  Benjamin 
Butman,  John  Jones,  Daniel  Goddard,  Cyrus  Stockwell,  Asa 
Walker;  Pursuing  Committee,  John  F.  Clark,  William  R.  Wes- 
son, Ivers  Phillips,  Asa  Matthews,  Jaines  Estabrook,  Josiah 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  21 

Brittan,  Jr.,  Jonas  Bartlett,  Horatio  N.  Tower,  Artemas  Ward, 
Jr.,  Benjamin  P.  Rice,  Joseph  Pratt  and  Loring  F.  Perry.  When 
the  city  was  incorporated  and  a  permanent  police  force  was 
appointed,  the  Thief-detecting  Association  took  little  part  in 
criminal  work.  It  still  keeps  up  its  organization,  the  social  fea- 
ture being  its  most  important  consideration.  The  last  meeting 
held  was  in  1895,  when  the  looth  anniversary  of  the  organization 
was  observed. 

In  1838  the  last  by-laws  of  the  town  of  Worcester  were  adopted. 
They  prohibited  ball-playing  in  the  public  streets ;  throwing 
stones  in  the  streets ;  smoking  a  cigar  or  pipe  in  any  of  the 
streets  within  the  school  district ;  swimming  between  sunrise 
and  sunset  in  the  waters  of  the  Blackstone  canal  within  the 
limits  of  the  town  in  view  of  a  dwelling-house,  street  or  high- 
way; coasting;  driving  in  excess  of  eight  miles  an  hour;  and 
carrying  a  naked  scythe  between  sunset  and  sunrise.  Fines  for 
offenses  of  the  by-laws  ranged  from  $i  to  $10,  and  the  highway 
surveyors,  field-drivers  and  constables  of  the  town  were  author- 
ized to  enforce  the  laws. 

There  were  two  criminal  cases  in  1840  in  which  Constable 
Ivers  Phillips  was  identified.  Elias  M.  Turner  and  Dickinson 
Sherer  were  each  sentenced  to  state  prison  on  the  charge 
of  kidnapping  Sidney  O.,  son  of  John  F.  Francis,  and 
transporting  him  into  Virginia  with  intent  to  sell  him  into  slavery. 
The  case  was  the  most  important  of  that  year,  and  the  defendants 
were  represented  at  their  trial  by  Isaac  C.  Bates  of  Northampton 
and  Jonathan  Chapman  of  Springfield.  The  cases  were  prose- 
cuted by  District  Attorney  Pliny  Merrick. 

Martin  T.  Draper,  of  Draper  &  Davis,  grocers  at  Washington 
square,  entered  into  a  conspiracy  with  Samuel  A.  Way  of  Bos- 
ton, in  June,  1840,  to  defraud  creditors.  Draper  delivered  to 
Way  $5,000  in  cash  and  refused  to  account  for  it.  He  was 
arrested  by  Ivers  Phillips  on  a  charge  of  perjury  and  sentenced 
to  five  years  in  state  prison. 

The  office  of  tithingman  was  dropped  by  the  Selectmen  of  the 
town  seventy  years  ago,  but  the  constable  has  been  a  fixture 
from  the  time  Matoonus  roamed  the  hills  of  Worcester  county 
among  the  King  Philip  tribes  in  the  sixteenth  century. 


22 


History  of  Police  Department, 


CHAPTER    II. 
CRIME  OF  EARLY  TIMES. 

Prisoners  Led  to  Gallows,  Whipping-Post  and  Pillory  in  Colonial  Days — 
Hanging  of  Bathsheba  Spooner  on  Frost's  Hill  in  1778,  Only  Woman 
Executed  in  Worcester  County — Executions  in  Public  and  in  Private — 
Cases  that  Made  Worcester  Prominent  during  Revolutionary  War — Re- 
view of  a  Century. 

In  the  early  history  of  Worcester  crime  was  frequent  and 
punishment  severe.  The  gallows  was  erected  for  burglars  and 
murderers  alike  in  the  last  century,  and  offenses  which  in  these 
times  would  furnish  no  public  interest,  being  disposed  of  with 
a  light  fine  or  short  term  of  imprisonment,  called  for  punish- 


STOCKS. 


ment  in  the  pillory  or  at  the  whipping-post.  It  was  also 
a  favorite  sentence  of  the  court  to  condemn  a  prisoner  to  the 
gallows  for  an  hour,  to  sit  with  the  rope  around  his  neck,  to  give 
him  opportunity  to  think  upon  death  and  his  God.  For  what 
are  now  considered  trivial  offenses  prisoners  were  subjected  to 
humiliating  punishment,  being  sent  to  the  whipping-post,  or  both, 
and  if  there  were  any  aggravating  circumstances  connected  with 
the  case,  an  hour  on  the  gallows  for  meditation,  with  a  year  or 
term  of  years  in  the  "gaol,"  was  added  to  the  sentence.  Branding 
a  prisoner  on  the  forehead  or  cropping  one  of  the  ears  was  oc- 
casionally included  in  judicial  sentences  in  cases  of  burglary. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  23 

The  pillory  and  whipping-post  were  familiar  objects  on 
Court  hill  a  century  ago.  The  gallows  was  usually  erected  on 
what  was  called  "Frost's  hill,"  where  now  is  located  the  Worces- 
ter Insane  Asylum  on  Summer  street,  and  with  a  single  excep- 
tion hangings  took  place  there  as  long  as  they  were  held  out- 
doors. Here  is  where  Bathsheba  Spooner,  the  only  woman 
hanged  in  Worcester  county,  was  led  to  her  death. 

In  connection  with  the  pillory  and  whipping-post,  an  early 
record  shows  that  Caleb  Jephterson  was  exposed  in  the  pillory 
"for  one  hour  and  a  half,  pursuant  to  the  sentence  upon  three 
separate  convictions,  for  the  odious  and  detestable  crime  of  blas- 
phemy." The  notorious  Stephen  Burroughs,  tried  in  Worcester 
in  1791,  was  sentenced"  to  receive  117  stripes  on  the  naked  back, 
stand  two  hours  in  the  pillory,  and  sit  one  hour  on  the  gallows 
with  the  rope  around  his  neck.  His  case  created  considerable 
excitement,  and  he  was  rescued  from  the  jail  by  a  mob  of  1,000 
before  the  sentence  was  fully  executed.  In  his  memoirs  Bur- 
roughs says  the  mob  came  from  Uxbridge. 

Early  in  the  century  the  whipping-post  was  abandoned,  the 
sentence  of  a  woman  to  this  punishment  for  a  trivial  offense 
creating  public  sentiment  against  it.  William  Caldwell  of  Rut- 
land was  sheriff  early  in  the  century  until  1805,  and  when  the 
woman  was  led  out  to  have  the  sentence  executed,  he  disap- 
pointed a  crowd  of  about  3,000  by  saying  the  sentence  did  not 
say  when  she  should  be  whipped.  After  the  crowd  had  dispersed, 
the  woman  received  the  punishment,  the  lashes  being  applied 
lightly  by  the  humane  sheriff,  and  she  was  allowed  to  go  with 
the  injunction  to  sin  no  more. 

What  is  known  in  the  criminal  history  of  Worcester  county 
as  the  Bathsheba  Spooner  murder  case  relates  to  the  most  famous 
crime  and  subsequent  execution  in  its  history.  In  reference  to  it 
in  recent  years  the  facts  often  have  been  misrepresented,  and 
descendants  of  the  unfortunate  woman  and  historical  societies 
have  devoted  considerable  time  in  bringing  out  the  accurate 
facts  in  the  case.  Bathsheba  Spooner,  who  proved  to  be  an  ac- 
cessory before  the  fact  in  connection  with  the  murder  of  her 
husband  in  1778,  was  the  daughter  of  Judge  Timothy  Ruggles 
of  Hardwick,  generally  called  Brigadier  General  Ruggles,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  citizens  of  the  province  of  Massachusetts 
Bay.  He  adhered  to  the  cause  of  the  king  during  the  Revolution 
and  years  of  discussion  which  preceded  it.  The  people  of 


24  History  of  Police  Department, 

Worcester  were  incensed  with  him  for  adopting  that  position, 
and  although  he  was  a  true  friend  of  his  country  and  honest  in 
his  political  opinions  at  the  time  of  the  trial  of  Airs.  Spooner,  he 
had  come  to  be  "regarded  as  the  worst  traitor,  and  his  name 
was  held  in  the  utmost  abhorrence."  The  daughter  was  well 
brought  up,  and  on  account  of  the  family  name  and  her  posi- 
tion in  society,  the  case  attracted  widespread  attention  through- 
out the  country  at  that  time.  It  has  been  referred  to  as  the 


LEVI    BARKER, 
City  Marshal,  1861. 

most  extraordinary  crime  ever  committed  in  New  England  on 
account  of  its  long  premeditation  and  the  methods  made  use 
of  to  bring  it  about.  The  crime  was  committed  on  the  night 
of  March  i,  1778,  by  Lewis  Buchanan,  a  lieutenant  in  the  army 
under  Gen.  Burgoyne ;  William  Brooks,  a  private  in  the  same 
army ;  and  Ezra  Ross,  a  soldier  in  the  Continental  army,  who 
made  his  home  with  the  Spooner  family  in  Brookfield,  and  at  the 
time  of  the  crime  was  but  eighteen  years  old. 

Bathsheba  Ruggles  was  married  to  Joshua  Spooner  of  Brook- 
field  in  1764,  and  the  evidence  at  the  trial  showed  that  prior  to 
1778  she  had  conceived  a  great  aversion  to  her  husband.  His 
only  fault  appeared  to  be  "in  not  supporting  a  manly  importance 
as  the  head  of  his  family  and  not  regulating  the  government 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  25 

of  it."  It  was  not  certain  what  the  aversion  in  Mrs.  Spooner;s 
mind  was,  but  from  the  general  tenor  of  her  conduct  it  is  prob- 
able she  cherished  a  criminal  regard  for  some  other  person,  and 
decided  to  destroy  the  life  of  her  husband.  He  attempted  to 
check  her  in  her  career.  She  at  various  times  procured  poison, 
but  never  gave  it  to  him.  She  told  Ezra  Ross  if  he  would  kill 
her  husband,  she  would  become  his  lawful  wife.  He  testified 
that  upon  her  persuasions  and  the  fancied  happiness  of  marrying 
a  woman  so  much  above  his  rank  in  life,  and  the  allurements  of 
"wallowing  in  Mr.  Spooner's  wealth,"  he  finally  consented.  Mrs. 
Spooner  became  tired  of  the  delay  of  Ross  in  keeping  his  promise, 
and  made  like  overtures  to  Lieut.  Buchanan  of  the  troops.  Ross 
took  Mr.  Spooner  to  ride,  going  to  Oakham,  with  the  intention 
of  carrying  out  his  promise,  but  did  not  have  courage  to  give  the 
poison  he  had  taken  with  him.  Buchanan  and  Mrs.  Spooner  en- 
gaged William  Brooks  of  the  troops  to  commit  the  murder, 
Brooks  being  promised  the  watch,  buckles  and  $1,000.  Thurs- 
day before  the  murder  Mrs.  Spooner  met  Buchanan  and  Brooks 
at  the  Widow  Walker's  in  Worcester.  They  remained  two  days, 
and  hei  conduct  disgusted  the  widow's  family,  who  knew  her  social 
position  in  life.  They  returned  to  Brookfield,  and  the  three  men 
agreed  to  wait  for  him.  They  were  concealed  in  the  barn  for  a 
day  and  a  night,  and  Mrs.  Spooner  took  their  meals  to  them. 
The  night  of  the  murder  Brooks  met  Mr.  Spooner  at  the  door 
of  his  house  and  knocked  him  down.  They  all  fell  upon  and 
killed  him  and  threw  the  body  in  the  well,  where  it  was  found 
the  next  day  by  the  servants  in  the  house.  Mrs.  Spooner  paid 
the  men  for  the  performance  of  the  crime,  giving  Brooks  $200, 
the  watch  and  buckles.  They  then  burned  the  clothing  which 
was  covered  with  blood,  and  Ross,  Buchanan  and  Brooks  fled 
to  Worcester,  where  they  were  arrested  by  constables  the  follow- 
ing night.  On  examination  they  implicated  Mrs.  Spooner,  and 
she  was  arrested  at  Brookfield  Thursday,  March  3.  They  were 
all  tried  in  Worcester  in  April,  1778,  Mrs.  Spooner  being  de- 
fended by  Levi  Lincoln,  who  made  a  defense  of  insanity.  They 
were  all  convicted  of  murder  in  the  first  degree,  and  on  April  17 
were  sentenced  to  be  hanged  on  July  2,  1778. 

Mrs.  Spooner,  through  her  counsel,  petitioned  for  a  reprieve 
until  after  the  birth  of  her  child,  which  was  denied  by  the  Council 
of  the  state  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  This  action  was  undoubtedly 
influenced  by  the  excitement  existing  in  the  community  regard- 


26  History  of  Police  Department, 

ing  prominent  Tories,  and  Mrs.  Spooner,  who  was  fond  of  her 
father,  probably  sympathized  with  him  in  his  political  views.  Two 
midwives  and  a  jury  of  twelve  matrons  were  selected  to  examine 
Mrs.  Spooner,  and  their  report  was  contrary  to  her  claim  made  in 
the  petition  for  reprieve.  A  second  petition  was  made  to  the 
Council,  Mrs.  Spooner  averring  the  fact  that  "the  infant  she  bore 
was  lawfully  begotten."  The  Council  refused  to  grant  her  peti- 
tion, and  Rev.  Thaddeus  Maccarty  sought  a  reprieve,  expressing 


WM.  E.  STARR, 

City  Marshal,  1862. 

it  as  his  firm  belief  the  jury  of  midwives  was  mistaken.  Follow- 
ing the  execution  the  post-mortem  verified  her  claim  on  which 
she  based  her  petition  for  reprieve. 

The  execution  took  place  at  2.30  o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of 
July  2,  1778,  the  gallows  being  erected  on  the  hill  where  now 
is  the  Worcester  Insane  Asylum.  The  criminals  were  brought 
out  of  the  prison  and  conducted  to  the  place  of  execution  under 
a  guard  of  100  men.  The  three  male  prisoners  went  on  foot  and 
Mrs.  Spooner  rode  in  a  chaise  with  Rev.  Thaddeus  Maccarty 
of  the  Old  South  Church,  she  having  been  sick  several  days. 
A  thunder-cloud  appeared,  the  heavens  were  darkened,  and  there 
was  an  awful  half  hour.  The  loud  hallooing  of  the  officers,  "Make 
way,  make  way,"  amidst  the  crowd  of  5,000;  the  horses  press- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  27 

ing  upon  those  on  foot ;  the  shrieks  of  women  in  confusion ; 
the  malefactors  slowly  advancing  to  the  fatal  tree,  preceded  by  the 
dismal  urns ;  the  fierce  clouds,  quickly  followed  by  loud  peals  of 
thunder  and  vivid  flashes  of  lightning,  conspired  together  and 
produced  a  dreadful  compound  scene  of  horror.  While  the  sher- 
iff— William  Caldwell  of  Rutland — was  reading  the  death-war- 
rant, Buchanan,  Brooks  and  Ross  stood  on  the  staging.  Mrs. 
Spooner,  being  feeble,  was  permitted  to  sit  in  the  chaise.  She 
was  indifferent,  and  bowed  to  many  in  the  gathering  with  whom 
she  had  been  acquainted.  When  called  to  ascend  to  the  stage, 
she  stepped  out  of  the  chaise  and  crept  up  the  ladder  upon  her 
hands  and  knees.  The  halter  was  fastened,  she  was  pinioned, 
her  face  covered,  and  the  sheriff  informed  her  he  should 
drop  the  flag  immediately.  Mrs.  Spooner  took  him  by  the  hand 
and  said :  "My  dear  sir,  I  am  ready.  In  a  little  time  I  expect  to 
be  in  bliss,  and  but  a  few  years  must  elapse  when  I  hope  I  shall 
see  you  and  my  other  friends  again."  The  prisoners  were  all 
calm,  and  almost  smiled  at  the  approach  of  death.  The  sermon 
was  preached  by  Rev.  Thaddeus  Maccarty,  his  text  being,  ''Thine 
eyes  shall  not  pity  him,  but  thou  shalt  put  away  the  guilt  of 
innocent  blood  from  Israel,  that  it  may  go  well  with  thee."  In 
their  dying  statement  Buchanan  gave  his  age  as  36,  his  birth- 
place as  Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  said  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  Gen. 
Burgoyne's  army ;  Brooks,  a  private  in  the  same  army,  was  27, 
born  in  Wednesbury,  county  of  Stafford,  England ;  Ross  was 
18,  a  Continental  soldier,  born  in  Ipswich,  in  the  parish  of  Lynde- 
brook,  Xew  England. 

It  is  a  generally  accepted  fact  that  the  body  of  Mrs.  Spooner 
rests  on  the  Green  farm,  in  the  northern  part  of  Worcester. 
Samuel  Swett  Green,  in  a  paper  before  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society  twelve  years  ago,  argued  in  her  defense,  on  the  belief 
she  was  insane  at  the  time  of  the  murder,  and  was  a  victim  of 
public  opinion  on  the  question  of  a  reprieve.  He  said  "the 
evidence  showed  she  was  a  remarkably  eccentric  person.  Mrs. 
Spooner's  daughter,  Bathsheba,  who  died  in  Cambridge  thirty 
years  ago,  was  hopelessly  insane  for  many  years  before  her  death. 
Mrs.  Mary  Ruggles  Green  was  made  temporarily  insane  by  trou- 
bles preceding  and  accompanying  the  trial  and  execution  of  her 
sister/'  Referring  to  her  resting-place,  he  says :  "Her  remains 
are  in  a  grave  in  the  northeasterly  portion  of  this  place ;  the  exact 
spot  where  they  are  buried  is  known,  I  presume,  to  only  a  few 


28  History  of  Police  Department, 

of  the  descendants  of  the  first  Dr.  John  Green  of  Worcester,  who 
married  Mary  Ruggles,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Spooner.  She  rests  in 
an  unmarked  grave  within  the  bounds  of  the  estate  formerly 
owned  by  the  husband  of  the  sister  and  occupied  by  them  and 
their  family.  The  land  is  still  in  the  possession  of  some  of  Dr. 
Green's  posterity." 

As  Worcester  has  always  been  the  seat  of  the  courts  of  justice 
in  the  county,  all  the  executions  of  prisoners  for  high  crimes  and 


C.  B.  PRATT, 

City  .Marshal,   iS63-'64-'65. 

misdemeanors  committed  within  the  county  since  its  organiza- 
tion in  1731,  have  taken  place  here.  There  have  been  eighteen 
individuals  hanged  at  thirteen  different  times — one  of  them  a 
woman,  four  at  one  time,  and  there  were  two  occasions  when 
two  were  hanged.  Ten  were  executed  for  murder,  five  for  bur- 
glary and  three  for  rape.  Different  days  of  the  week  were  se- 
lected, the  taking  of  Friday  being  a  comparatively  modern  usage. 
The  first  execution  was  Nov.  26,  1737,  when  Hugh  Henderson, 
alias  John  Hamilton,  was  hanged  for  burglary.  The  last  execu- 
tion was  that  of  Samuel  J.  Frost  of  Petersham,  for  the  murder 
of  his  wife's  brother,  Frank  P.  Towne.  The  hanging  took  place 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  29 

in  the  Summer  street  jail  May  25,  1876,  the  prayer  at  the  gallows 
being  given  by  Rev.  C.  M.  Lamson,  then  pastor  of  the  Salem 
Square  Congregational  Church.  Frost  was  a  small  man,  and 
when  the  drop  fell  his  head  was  nearly  severed.  Many  in  the 
gathering  fainted,  and  from  that  day  there  has  been  a  sentiment 
in  Worcester  against  hanging.  Other  executions  were : 

1745. — A  negro  named  Jeffries  was  hanged  for  the  murder  of 
his  mistress. 

Oct.  20,  1768. — A  negro  named  Arthur  was  hanged  for  rape, 
the  sermon  at  the  gallows  being  preached  by  Rev.  Thaddeus 
Maccarty. 

Oct.  25,  1770. — William  Lindsey  was  hanged  for  burglary. 

Nov.  n,  1779. — Robert  Young  was  hanged  for  rape  upon  a 
eleven-year  old  girl  named  Jane  Young,  of  Brookfield. 

June  19,  1783. — William  Huggins  and  John  Mansfield  were 
hanged  for  burglary.  The  day  before  the  execution,  they  made 
an  attempt  to  escape,  but  were  discovered  the  next  morning. 
They  used  a  crowbar,  of  which  they  obtained  possession  the 
day  before,  and  pried  up  a  floor.  This  allowed  them  to  escape 
into  a  vault,  but  they  were  unable  to  get  any  further,  and  there 
they  were  found.  Little  sympathy  was  shown  them  in  the  jail, 
and  they  were  led  unceremoniously  to  their  death. 

The  last  hanging  for  burglary  was  Wednesday,  Oct.  16,  1786, 
the  victim  being  Johnson  Green,  and  the  crime  of  which  he  was 
convicted  being  especially  aggravating.  Since  that  time  the  gal- 
lows has  not  been  used  for  a  crime  of  less  importance  than 
murder,  although  thieves  and  burglars  were  sentenced  to  sit 
upon  the  gallows  before  the  public  gaze,  and  had  the  halter 
around  their  necks  as  a  suggestion  of  the  fate  of  their  criminal 
companions. 

April  1 6,  1784,  Samuel  Frost,  tried  for  the  murder  of  his  father, 
was  acquitted  on  the  grounds  of  insanity.  Whether  he  was  con- 
fined as  an  insane  person,  there  is  no  record,  but  July  16,  1793, 
he  murdered  Capt.  Elisha  Allen  of  Princeton,  for  whom  he  worked 
on  a  farm.  Frost  and  Capt.  Allen  were  working  in  the  field,  and 
as  the  result  of  an  argument  Frost  struck  Allen  with  the  blade 
of  a  hoe,  cutting  a  gash  in  his  head,  knocking  him  to  the  ground. 
He  struck  his  victim  upward  of  fifteen  blows  with  the  hoe,  and 
left  his  body  lying  in  the  field.  Frost  was  not  arrested  until 
several  days  later,  when  he  was  brought  to  Worcester  and  placed 
in  "the  gaol."  His  case  was  heard  by  the  Supreme  Court  short- 


30  History  of  Police  Department, 

ly  after,  and  he  pleaded  guilty.  The  court  insisted  on  a  trial, 
and  an  inquiry  was  made  as  to  his  sanity,  as  he  had  previously 
been  acquitted  of  a  charge  of  murder  on  this  pretext.  He  was 
adjudged  sane,  and  after  a  trial  sentenced  to  be  hanged,  the 
execution  taking  place  Xov.  5,  1793,  on  "Frost's  hill."  A  ser- 
mon was  preached  by  Rev.  Aaron  Bancroft,  and  the  execution 
took  place  in  the  presence  of  2,000  persons. 

The  first  hanging  of  the  present  century  was  the  last  outdoor 


j.  H.  KNOX, 

City  Marshal,  1866. 

execution  in  Worcester  county,  the  victim  being  Horace  Carter 
of  Worcester.  There  has  been  no  other  Worcester  person  hanged 
in  Worcester  county  in  the  century,  and  there  was  a  lapse  of 
thirty-two  years  between  the  hanging  of  Carter  and  the  execu- 
tion of  Samuel  Frost  in  1793.  Horace  Carter  and  his  brother 
Thomas  were  both  tried  at  the  same  term  of  the  court,  Horace 
being  charged  with  rape  upon  the  person  of  Ruth  Ainsworth 
of  Brookfield,  an  inmate  of  the  poor  farm,  aged  seventy-eight 
years.  Thomas  Carter  was  tried  for  burglary  and  intent  to  com- 
mit personal  violence  upon  a  female  child.  Horace  Carter's  crime 
was  committed  Feb.  23,  182-5,  and  the  trial  was  at  the  October 
term  of  the  court.  It  was  an  interesting  case  from  the  fact  that 
the  evidence  which  condemned  him  was  given  bv  the  victim, 


Worcester,  MassacJnisctts.  31 

whose  reputation  for  truth  had  not  been  considered  of  the  best, 
and  after  the  hanging  there  was  talk  that  an  innocent  man  had 
been  sent  to  the  gallows.  The  evidence  of  Ruth  Ainsworth  was 
that  she  was  awakened  on  the  night  of  Feb.  23  by  a  burglar  in 
the  house,  she  being  a  pauper  and  living  at  the  Brookfield  poor 
farm.  She  asked  who  was  there,  and  Carter  replied  that  he 
was  an  overseer  of  the  poor,  and  demanded  admittance  to  her 
room.  She  refused,  and  he  broke  open  the  door.  He  was  de- 
fended by  John  Davis  and  Pliny  Merrick,  and  the  jury  found 
him  guilty.  He  was  sentenced  to  be  hanged  Dec.  7.  The  exe- 
cution took  place  upon  the  hill  on  the  north  corner  of  Belmont 
street  and  Lincoln  square.  Thomas  Carter,  his  brother,  was 
convicted  and  sentenced  to  state  prison  for  life.  Stephen  Dick- 
inson, convicted  at  this  session  of  the  court  of  the  abuse  of  a 
female  child,  was  sentenced  to  state  prison  for  life. 

Thomas  Barrett  of  Lunenburg  \vas  the  first  murderer  hanged 
in  the  Summer  street  jail.  He  killed  Ruth  Houghton  of  Lunen- 
burg Feb.  18,  1844,  and  the  hanging  took  place  Jan.  3,  1845, 
the  first  hanging  since  that  of  Horace  Carter  in  1825.  Barrett 
was  employed  on  a  farm  in  Lunenburg.  On  the  morning  of 
Feb.  19,  his  victim,  who  was  seventy  years  old  and  lived  alone, 
was  found  dead,  with  her  ribs  broken,  and  there  were  evidences 
she  had  been  strangled.  Barrett  was  indicted  by  the  grand  jury 
for  rape  and  murder,  and  tried  at  the  session  of  the  Supreme 
Court  following  the  date  of  the  murder.  He  was  convicted,  and 
the  execution  was  Friday,  there  being  present  fourteen  persons, 
including  three  physicians,  Sheriff  Rice  of  Hampden  county, 
Rev.  Mr.  Williamson,  Barrett's  spiritual  adviser,  and  several 
deputy  sheriffs.  The  same  rope  was  used  that  hanged  Carter 
nineteen  years  before.  Although  Barrett  made  a  confession  to 
the  priest  who  attended  him  in  his  last  hours,  he  never  made  a 
public  statement  concerning  the  crime.  Asa  Matthews  was  jailer 
at  the  time,  and  the  sheriff  was  John  W.  Lincoln. 

Friday,  Sept.  25,  1868,  took  place  the  hanging  of  Silas  and 
Charles  T.  James  for  the  murder  of  Joseph  G.  Clark,  the  execu-' 
tion  being  in  the  chapel  of  the  Summer  street  jail.  This  was 
one  of  the  famous  cases  in  Worcester,  and  is  referred  to  in  an- 
other chapter. 

Examination  of  the  court  records  for  the  last  century  shows 
cases  interesting  to  the  present  generation.  The  town  consta- 
bles were  evidentlv  alert  to  their  clutv,  and  had  a  keen  scent  for 


32 


History  of  Police  Department, 


criminals  who  infested  this  section  of  the  county.  In  the  earlier 
days  of  the  town  of  Worcester,  burglaries  were  advertised,  and 
occasionally  a  reward  was  offered.  Burglaries  that  took  place  in 
Boston  and  other  sections  of  New  England  were  advertised  in 
Worcester  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century,  and  the  Pursuing 
Committee  of  the  Worcester  Association  of  Mutual  Aid  in  De- 
tecting Thieves  took  a  hand  in  the  police-work  early  in  the  cen- 
tury. A  burglary  that  attracted  widespread  attention  throughout 


A.   IJ.  R.  SHRAGUE, 
City  Marshal,  1867. 


New  England  was  that  of  April  12,  1784,  when  the  store  of 
Elijah  Paine  in  Cambridge  and  the  library  of  Harvard  College 
were  broken  into.  A  valuable  collection  of  coins  was  taken 
from  the  college.  A  reward  of  $30  for  the  arrest  and  conviction 
of  the  thieves  was  offered. 

May  12,  1/84,  the  residence  of  Hon.  Dwight  Foster  in  Brook- 
field  was  entered  and  robbed  in  the  night,  and  a  few  nights 
later  the  residence  of  Rev.  Ephraim  Ward  of  Brookfield  received 
a  visit  from  thieves,  and  a  quantity  of  valuables  was  carried  off. 
The  records  show  then  as  now  that  Brookfield  had  more  than 
its  share  of  unusual  crime.  The  most  horrible  crime  of  the  last 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  33 

century  was  committed  there,  and  during  the  last  decade  some  of 
the  most  startling  crimes  of  record  have  taken  place  in  Brookfield. 

A  few  sentences  of  the  court  between  1775  and  1800  will  give 
some  idea  of  the  severity  of  the  law  in  the  early  courts  of  the 
county,  and  the  persistency  of  officers  in  bringing  to  justice 
criminals  of  every  description.  At  the  session  of  the  Supreme 
Court  Oct.  5,  1784,  several  violators  received  the  discipline  of 
the  whipping-post,  and  a  man  named  Sennett,  whose  offense  was 
especially  obnoxious,  received  the  extra  penalty  of  being  branded 
on  the  forehead. 

Attached  to  the  old  stone  jail,  which  stood  on  the  south  side 
of  Lincoln  square,  are  many  melancholy  reminiscences.  It  was 
used  for  the  incarceration  of  poor  debtors  as  well  as  criminals, 
and  one  of  the  saddest  of  these  recollections  is  the  fact,  duly 
recorded,  that  the  patriot,  Col.  Timothy  Bigelow,  was  committed 
there  on  an  execution  for  debt  Feb.  15,  1790,  and  died  in  the  jail 
March  31  following — the  entry  reading,  "Discharged  by  Death 
April  i." 

Timothy  Queen,  charged  with  uttering  counterfeit  money,  was 
fined  forty  pounds,  and  for  having  counterfeiting  tools  in  his 
possession  was  sentenced  to  the  whipping-post,  where  twenty 
stripes  were  applied,  and  to  stand  one  hour  in  the  pillory. 

Samuel  Corey,  charged  with  assault  on  Mrs.  Hannah  Day,  an 
aged  woman,  with  intent  to  ravish,  was  sentenced  to  sit  on  the 
gallows  one  hour  with  the  rope  around  his  neck,  to  be  whipped 
thirty  stripes,  and  to  find  sureties  for  good  behavior  for  three 
years. 

Robert  Simpson  and  Hannah  Gibbs,  charged  with  lewd  and 
lascivious  cohabitation,  were  sentenced  to  stand  one  hour  in  the 
pillory,  Simpson  to  receive  thirty  lashes  and  Hannah  Gibbs  twenty 
lashes. 

James  Trask,  for  fraud  in  transferring  false  notes,  was  sen- 
tenced to  stand  in  the  pillory  for  one  hour,  and  for  another  fraud 
of  a  similar  nature  to  be  whipped  thirty  stripes.  Being  unable 
to  pay  treble  for  the  damage,  Trask  was  sentenced  to  be  sold 
for  the  term  of  four  years. 

July  i,  1784,  two  men  escaped  from  the  "gaol,"  and  one  of  them 
—David  Smith — was  described  at  the  time  as  being  "as  thorough- 
paced a  villain  as  ever  was  decked  with  a  halter." 

July  2,  1784,  James  McFarland's  house  was  robbed,  and  the 
same  week  the  houses  of  Mr.  Tanner  and  Mr.  Mower.  The 


34  History  of  Police  Department, 

authorities  were  much  excited  over  the  affair.  The  newspapers 
at  the  time  said :  "They  deserve  the  fate  of  Mansfield  and  Hig- 
gins,  who  have  previously  been  hanged  for  robbery." 

John  Connolly,  who  was  before  the  Supreme  Court  in  April, 
1789,  received  one  of  the  severest  sentences  recorded.  For  steal- 
ing he  was  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  151  pounds,  28  shillings 
and  6  pence,  to  receive  twenty  stripes,  and  if  unable  to  pay  the 
fine  to  be  sold  for  seven  years  by  White,  from  whom  he  had  stolen. 


JAS.  M.  DRENNAN, 
City  Marshal,  iSoy-'oS-'oo-^o-'yi,  'So-'Si-'S2,  and  Chief  of  Police,  iSoy-'yS-'^. 

If  not  sold  within  thirty  days,  Connolly  was  to  be  sent  to  Castle 
William  for  one  year.  On  a  second  offense  of  breaking  and  enter- 
ing Reed  &  Rice's  shop,  he  was  fined  50  pounds,  sentenced  to 
sit  on  the  gallows  one  hour  with  the  rope  around  his  neck,  to 
receive  twenty  stripes  at  the  whipping-post,  and  to  be  sent  to 
Castle  W'illiam  for  two  years. 

Paul  Caldwell,  convicted  for  forgery  May  n,  1791,  was  sen- 
tenced to  stand  in  the  pillory  for  one  hour. 

Elisha  Dakin  Mansfield,  convicted  of  tlieft,  sat  on  the  gallows 
for  one  hour  and  received  fifteen  stripes  at  the  whipping-post, 
after  which  he  was  sent  to  Castle  William  for  three  vears. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  35 

On  the  night  of  Sunday,  July  15,  1791,  there  was  a  wholesale 
escape  of  prisoners  from  the  gaol.  Paul  Caldwell,  convicted  for 
forgery ;  Jeremiah  Nightingale,  sentenced  for  horse-stealing ;  and 
James  McDale  and  Edward  Burns,  serving  for  minor  offenses, 
dug  through  the  floor  of  the  gaol  and  under  the  foundation.  The 
authorities  instituted  a  search  for  them,  and  the  town  constables 
hunted  for  the  escaped  prisoners.  They  were  not  caught  for  a 
time,  and  the  sheriff  offered  a  reward  of  $40  for  the  arrest  of 
Caldwell,  $20  for  Nightingale,  and  $5  each  for  the  arrest  of  Mc- 
Dale and  Burns. 

The  old  "gaol  house"  was  advertised  for  sale  during  1788,  and 
a  new  and  more  modern  jail  erected. 

Oct.  6,  1785,  J.  Austin  Smith,  convicted  for  passing  counterfeit 
money,  and  James  Jewell,  sentenced  for  theft,  escaped  from  the 
gaol,  and  a  reward  of  $40  was  offered  for  their  arrest  and  return 
to  the  gaol.  Jewell  was  arraigned  on  seven  counts  for  stealing, 
and  sentence  was  suspended  upon  five.  For  the  two  on  which  he 
was  sentenced,  he  was  obliged  to  stand  in  the  pillory  and  have 
one  of  his  ears  cropped.  Smith  was  sentenced  to  receive  fifty 
stripes  at  the  whipping-post  and  serve  seven  years  in  the  gaol. 
The  escape  caused  much  excitement,  but  they  were  not  recap- 
tured. 

During  and  after  the  war  with  England  in  1812,  excitement 
ran  high  in  Worcester.  A  climax  was  reached  when  nine  British 
officers,  including  Col.  Grant,  were  arrested  and  placed  in  jail. 
They  were  given  two  rooms  in  the  second  story  of  the  building, 
and  had  considerable  freedom  during  the  day.  On  the  night 
of  Jan.  n,  1814,  John  F.  Clark,  while  making  the  rounds  of  the 
cells  preparing  the  prisoners  for  the  night,  was  pounced  upon  in 
the  rooms  where  the  officers  were  confined.  He  was  bound 
with  a  rope,  gagged  with  a  handkerchief,  and  tied  to  one  of  the 
beds  in  the  room.  The  cord  was  not  fastened  sufficiently  secure, 
and  he  released  himself  shortly  after,  but  not  until  the  officers 
had  made  good  their  escape.  The  town  authorities  were  quick-, 
ly  notified,  and  a  general  searching  party  set  out  to  recapture  the 
prisoners.  On  account  of  the  excitement  attending  the  war  and 
the  importance  of  capturing  the  officers,  local  interest  in  the  case 
was  at  a  high  pitch.  No  case  in  the  history  of  the  early  town 
police-work  was  followed  by  so  general  a  discussion,  which 
brought  the  case  into  national  importance.  The  patriotism  of 
the  people  of  Worcester  was  at  stake  as  the  result  of  the  corre- 


36  History  of  Police  Department, 

spondence  following  the  escape.  James  Prince,  United  States 
marshal  at  the  time,  authorized  a  statement  in  the  Boston  Patriot, 
over  his  signature,  in  which  this  paragraph  appeared:  "If  the 
friends  of  these  British  officers  can  as  well  excuse  themselves 
for  the  escape  that  has  recently  been  effected  as  they  can  justify 
the  country  or  its  officers  from  the  charges  of  rude  and  unfeeling 
conduct,  it  will  be  well  for  their  personal  character  and  for  the 
laws  of  the  state." 


JONATHAN  B.  SIBLEY, 

City  Marshal,  1872. 

These  remarks  created  widespread  indignation  in  Worcester 
and  throughout  Massachusetts,  and  a  leading  editorial  in  the  Spy 
called  for  an  apology  from  the  marshal.  It  said :  "The  United 
States  marshal  should  retract  his  illiberal  insinuations,  and  on 
his  knees  beg  the  pardon  of  the  citizens  of  Worcester."  Thomas 
Walter  Ward  of  Shrewsbury,  son  of  Gen.  Artemas  Ward,  was 
sheriff  and  made  a  thorough  search,  with  the  result  that  the 
prisoners  were  recaptured  in  Worcester  county.  Hard  experi- 
ences were  had  in  getting  them  back,  as  several  towns  were 
traversed  in  the  search.  One  of  the  officers  was  taken  on  the 
turnpike,  near  Holden,  and  four  of  them  succeeded  in  reaching 
Barre,  twenty-one  miles  away,  being  driven  in  a  team  a  portion 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  37 

of  the  distance.  Francis  Blake  of  Worcester,  a  personal  friend 
and  counsel  for  Colonel  Grant,  the  most  important  prisoner,  was 
indirectly  charged  by  the  United  States  marshal  with  being  re- 
sponsible for  the  escape  of  the  officers.  He  figured  with  no  small 
prominence  in  the  discussion  that  was  carried  on  through  the  news- 
papers for  several  weeks.  He  advised  Grant  at  the  time  of  his 
arrest,  also  visited  the  jail,  and  interceded  for  better  quarters  for 
the  men  than  were  accorded  ordinary  prisoners. 

A  man  named  Dale,  an  officer  in  Rutland,  acting  under  a  proc- 
lamation issued  by  United  States  Marshal  Prince,  after  the  escape 
of  the  officers,  got  into  prison  on  account  of  a  false  arrest.  One 
Bigelow,  passing  from  Rutland  to  Boston,  was  arrested  by  Dale, 
brought  to  Worcester,  and  was  placed  in  jail  on  the  charge  of 
treason.  He  was  later  released,  and  Dale,  admitting  he  had  made 
a  mistake,  was  tried  and  sentenced  for  his  connection  with  the 
case. 

With  its  tithingman  and  its  constables,  when  capital  punish- 
ment was  the  penalty  for  crimes  no  more  serious  than  burglary, 
Worcester  went  through  the  most  critical  days  in  its  history,  well 
policed  and  well  governed. 


History  of  Police  Department, 


CHAPTER    III. 
ORIGIN  OF  THE  NIGHT-WATCH. 

Incorporation  of  City  and  Appointment  of  George  Jones  City  Marshal — 
Bomb-Throwing  in  Mayor  Henry  Chapin's  Administration — Fugitive 
Slave  Law  Riots  and  Visit  of  "Angel  Gabriel" — Tragic  Death  of  Marshal 
Frederic  Warren — First  Police  Rules  Adopted  in  1856 — Arrest  of  John 
Langley. 

As  the  transition  from  town  to  city  was  scarcely  noticeable, 
except  in  change  of  name  of  corporation  and  titles  of  office,  so 


W.  ANSEL  WASHBUKX, 
City  Marshal,  1873,  '7S-'76-'77-' 78-'79,  '83,  'S6-'$7,.SS-'S9-'9O-'9i-'92. 

there  was  no  special  change  in  the  method  of  furnishing  protec- 
tion to  the  citizens.  The  same  men  who  had  been  constables, 
for  the  most  part,  became  members  of  the  newly  established 
night-watch,  which  did  not  come  into  existence  until  Worcester 
had  been  a  city  two  years.  Their  duties  remained  essentially  the 
same  as  before  the  incorporation  of  the  city.  The  Millbury  Bank 
robbery  in  1843,  tne  murder  of  William  Stiles  by  Orrin  DeWolf 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  39 

in  1845,  and  the  hanging  of  Thomas  Barrett  the  same  year,  had 
aroused  the  primitive  constabulary  force  to  a  keen  sense  of  ac- 
tivity, and  a  more  substantial  police  government  was  demanded 
by  the  people.  The  population  in  1848  was  about  15,000,  having 
doubled  in  ten  years. 

The  opening  of  the  Boston  &  Worcester  railroad  in  1835,  and 
the  employment  of  many  foreigners  blasting  at  "deep  cut"  for  sev- 
eral years,  resulted  in  the  locality  known  as  Pine  Meadow,  being 
a  troublesome  neighborhood.  The  constabulary  force  had  been 
gradually  increased  from  year  to  year,  and  the  association  which 
for  fifty  years  had  been  prominent  in  the  detection  of  thieves 
had  given  assistance  to  the  constables ;  but  the  growing  town 
became  ambitious  and  wanted  watchmen.  Other  towns  had 
boasted  of  a  night-watch  for  a  century. 

Worcester  was  incorporated  as  a  city  Feb.  29,  1848.  Section  8 
of  the  act  establishing  the  city  provided  "that  the  mayor  and  al- 
dermen shall  have  exclusive  power  to  appoint  constables  and  a 
city  marshal  and  assistant  marshals  and  all  other  police  officers, 
and  have  the  same  to  remove  at  pleasure."  Section  24  of  the 
act  established  the  police  court.  The  first  election,  resulting  in 
the  choice  of  Levi  Lincoln  as  mayor,  was  contested  on  the  tem- 
perance issue — a  question  that  entered  with  prominence  in  elec- 
tions for  many  years.  When  Mayor  Lincoln  was  inaugurated, 
there  were  twelve  constables.  No  salaries  were  paid  them,  fees 
being  their  only  source  of  income  from  the  town.  The  first  meet- 
ing of  the  City  Council  was  held  April  17,  and  Asa  Matthews, 
George  Jones,  Levi  Jackson,  Edwin  Eaton,  Frederic  Warren  and 
Benjamin  R.  Otis  were  appointed  constables,  confirmed  by  the 
aldermen  and  sworn  into  duty  by  Mayor  Lincoln.  They  were 
ordered  to  furnish  bonds  in  $500  each.  In  the  cases  of  Warren 
and  Jackson  their  bondsmen  were  not  accepted,  and  they  were 
obliged  to  furnish  new  sureties.  May  4,  1848,  Mayor  Lincoln 
appointed  George  Jones  city  marshal.  He  was  confirmed  and 
furnished  bonds  in  $1,000,  his  bondsmen  being  Calvin  Foster  and 
Lemuel  T.  Fox.  Frederic  Warren  and  Edwin  Eaton  were  ap- 
pointed assistant  marshals  June  29,  and  were  sworn  in  July  I. 
The  ordinance  providing  for  the  appointment  of  a  city  marshal 
fixed  his  salary  at  $400  a  year  in  addition  to  his  legal  fees  as 
constable. 

Alvan  W.  Lewis  was  the  first  watchman  appointed  in  Worces- 
ter.   This  appointment  was  made  by  Mayor  Lincoln  in  September, 


40  History  of  Police  Department, 

1848,  under  an  ordinance  which  reads :  "A  watch  is  hereby  estab- 
lished to  do  duty  within  and  about  the  City  Hall,  and  to  take  the 
care  and  see  to  the  safe-keeping  of  the  prisoners  who  may  be 
confined  in  the  lock-up  therein,  with  such  other  duties  as  may  be 
required  of  them  by  the  mayor."  Mr.  Lewis  began  his  duties 
Sept.  27,  and  remained  in  office  until  April  I,  1849.  He  was 
reappointed  and  remained  until  April  27,  1850,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  John  D.  Welts.  The  salary  of  the  watchman  was  fixed 
at  $225  a  year  at  the  time  the  ordinance  was  passed. 


A.  DAVIS  PRATT, 
City  Marshal,  1874. 

Henry  Chapin  was  elected  mayor  in  the  fall  of  1848,  and  in  his 
inaugural  called  attention  to  the  ordinance  relative  to  the  police ; 
also  to  the  fact  that  since  Sept.  27,  1848,  "there  had  been  nearly 
300  commitments  to  the  watch-house,  and  at  least  nine-tenths  of 
them  had  been  for  the  cause  of  drunkenness."  He  demanded 
rigid  enforcement  of  the  liquor  laws.  He  appointed  George  Jones, 
city  marshal;  Frederic  Warren,  assistant  marshal;  Alvan  \Y. 
Lewis,  watchman  at  City  Hall ;  and  as  constables,  Jonathan  Day, 
William  L.  Merchant.  Elbridge  G.  Watkins,  Jeremiah  Kane,  Peter 
Donliavie  and  William  A.  Howland.  There  is  no  record  in  the  re- 
ports of  the  town  treasurers,  or  of  City  Treasurer  John  Boyden 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  41 

in  his  report  for  1849,  °f  an7  money  being  paid  for  police-duty 
excepting  to  the  city  marshal  and  the  watchman  at  City  Hall. 

The  ordinance  providing  for  the  establishment  of  a  night-watch 
was  passed  by  the  City  Council  May  6,  1850,  and  is  as  follows : 

The  mayor  and  aldermen  may,  whenever  they  may  deem  it 
necessary,  appoint  city  watchmen,  who  shall  hold  office  during  the 
pleasure  of  the  mayor  and  aldermen,  and  who  shall  be  sworn 
to  the  faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  office,  and  receive 
such  compensation  as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  mayor  and  aldermen. 

Following  the  passage  of  this  ordinance,  Alderman  Joseph 
Pratt  of  Ward  4  and  Charles  White  of  Ward  6  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  select  watchmen.  They  reported  names,  and  Mayor 
Chapin  appointed  as  the  first  regular  night  watchmen  Moses  L. 
Bolster,  Lathrop  Dorman,  William  W.  Codding,  John  A.  Dodge, 
Daniel  Holman,  Stephen  Shumway  and  Matthew  F.  Harding. 
Under  the  ordinance  passed  in  1848,  assistant  marshals  had  acted 
as  watchmen.  In  1850  the  salaries  of  watchmen  amounted  to 
$2,505.28,  including  $328.27  paid  George  W.  Norris,  Frederic 
Warren  and  Levi  Jackson  for  extra  work  on  account  of  the 
bomb-throwing  incident. 

Of  the  many  evils  that  taxed  the  ingenuity  of  the  police  since 
Worcester  became  a  city,  the  control  of  the  liquor  business  has 
not  been  among  the  least.  The  liquor  law  has  been  enacted,  es- 
tablished, amended,  reenacted,  reestablished,  modified,  suspended 
and  reconstructed  for  half  a  century.  The  "Maine  law"  was 
passed  in  Massachusetts  in  1855,  and  was  then  supposed  by  its 
friends  to  be  the  best  thing  that  could  be  made.  At  the  time  of 
its  passage  the  question  assumed  somewhat  of  a  political  char- 
acter. The  authorities  found  its  enforcement  an  up-hill  business. 
Progress  was  slow  because  of  the  united  efforts  of  the  opponents. 
The  work  of  the  police  was  persistent,  the  police  courts  and 
grand  juries  were  busy,  and  the  results  are  not  forgotten.  Some 
interesting  experiences  have  been  told. 

It  was  early  in  the  history  of  Worcester,  the  outcome  of  the 
stand  made  by  Mayor  Chapin  against  the  rum  element,  that  one 
of  the  exciting  incidents  in  the  city's  history  took  place.  A 
weekly  paper  called  the  Liberty  of  the  Press,  printed  in  a  barn  in 
the  vicinity  of  Foster  street  by  Peter  Johnson,  and  edited  by 
Jubal  Harrington  and  others,  was  devoted  to  the  liquor  interests. 
Personal  assaults  were  made  through  its  columns  upon  represent- 
ative temperance  men,  and  its  influence  culminated  in  the  attempt 


42  History  of  Police  Department, 

to  blow  up  the  office  of  Mayor  Chapin  and  home  of  Assistant  City 
Marshal  Frederic  Warren,  the  latter  on  Warren  street.  The  City 
Council  Jan.  15,  1850,  instructed  the  police  to  more  thoroughly 
enforce  the  liquor  law,  and  Frederic  Warren  had  charge  of  the 
police-detail  that  made  raids  and  gave  the  rum-men  all  their 
trouble.  In  Liberty  of  the  Press  Mr.  Harrington  had  promised 
to  give  the  Free-soilers  and  temperance  men  ''hell  and  scissors/' 
and  on  the  night  of  May  3  an  attempt  was  made  to  carry  out 


EDWARD    T.    RAYMOND, 

City  Marshal,   1893,  and  Chief  of  Police   iS94-'95-'o6. 

the  threat.  Mayor  Chapin's  office  was  in  the  Flagg  building, 
opposite  the  Bay  State  House.  Shortly  before  midnight  a  six- 
inch  hand-grenade  was  placed  in  the  entrance  of  the  building, 
near  the  door  leading  to  Mayor  Chapin's  office,  on  the  second 
floor.  The  door  of  the  office  was  shattered,  and  the  doors  of  the 
offices  adjoining  were  wrecked.  A  hole  was  blown  through  the 
floor  of  Hall  &  Thompson's  store,  the  wreckage  going  into  the 
cellar.  On  the  night  of  May  6  another  bomb  was  thrown  at  the 
residence  of  Assistant  Marshal  Warren.  Extra  policemen  were 
ordered  on  duty,  and  a  reward  of  $1,000  was  made  for  the  arrest 
and  conviction  of  the  violators.  Several  arrests  were  made,  but 
Jubal  Harrington,  who  was  responsible  for  the  outrage,  left 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  43 

Worcester,  locating  in  California.  A  special  meeting  of  the  City 
Council  was  held  May  4,  when  a  reward  of  $1,000  was  offered, 
and  at  the  regular  meeting  of  the  council  May  13,  $500  was 
appropriated  for  the  expenses  connected  with  the  incident. 

George  Jones  held  the  office  of  city  marshal  from  1848  until 
1853,  resigning  to  become  deputy  sheriff,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Alvan  Allen,  who  was  appointed  by  Mayor  John  S.  C.  Knowl- 
ton.  He  went  out  of  office  with  the  record  of  having  successfully 
gone  through  trying  times  in  the  first  five  years  of  the  city's 
growth. 

The  lock-up  was  in  the  basement  of  the  old  City  Hall,  demol- 
ished two  years  ago.  During  a  few  months  when  it  was  being 
remodeled,  the  old  brick  school-house  at  the  lower  end  of  the 
Common  was  utilized  as  a  police  station.  The  office  of  the  city 
marshal  was  in  the  basement  for  several  years,  but  in  the  '6o's 
was  located  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  first  floor  of  the  build- 
ing, the  room  in  the  basement  being  given  up  to  police  captains. 
There  were  cells  enough  in  the  old  lock-up  to  care  for  many 
prisoners,  and  it  was  frequently  filled  to  its  capacity.  The  watch- 
man had  a  small  room,  and  one-half  the  force  went  off  duty  at 
midnight  and  gathered  at  the  lock-up  to  eat  their  lunch.  There 
were  no  uniforms  until  1865,  and  during  the  cold  weather  watch- 
men wore  heavy  blankets  thrown  over  their  shoulders  the  last 
half  of  the  night.  The  beats  were  known  as  the  north,  south, 
east,  and  west  beats,  and  each  covered  a  vast  territory.  The 
sections  of  the  city  were  familiarly  known  and  always  referred 
to  as  the  "north  end,"  which  was  the  territory  north  of  Lincoln 
square;  "Pine  Meadow,"  the  section  east  of  Washington  square; 
the  "Narrows,"  the  section  through  Franklin  and  Winter  streets ; 
"Scalpingtown,"  including  the  territory  east  of  Madison  street, 
through  Gold  and  Assonet  streets ;  the  "Island,"  familiar  to  the 
present  generation;  and  the  "Flat,"  that  section  of  the  city  in 
the  vicinity  of  Chandler,  Austin  and  Tufts  streets,  near  Park 
avenue.  Watchmen  traveled  but  a  short  distance  north  of 
Lincoln  square,  and  Quinsigamond  was  not  included  in  the 
beats. 

The  present  generation  is  not  familiar  with  the  sharp  crack 
of  the  watchman's  rattle,  which  was  provided  for  use  of  the 
watchman  before  the  days  of  the  "billy"  and  revolver.  The  start- 
ling sound  of  this  instrument  was  about  the  only  thing  to  infuse 
life  and  energy  into  the  heart  and  heels  of  a  watchman.  Its 


44  History  of  Police  Department, 

peculiar  tone,  different  from  anything  else  imaginable,  produced 
a  sensation  novel  and  exciting. 

The  records  of  arrests  in  the  old  City  Hall  lock-up  were  orig- 
inally kept  on  a  slate,  and  when  it  was  covered  the  names  were 
rubbed  out.  When  Alvan  W.  Lewis  was  appointed  night  watch- 
man at  the  lock-up,  he  had  furnished  him  a  book  in  which  records 
were  made,  and  this  book  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Police 
Department.  On  the  inside  of  the  cover  is  an  autograph  state- 
ment of  the  appointment  of  Alvan  W.  Lewis,  his  reappointment 
April  i,  1849,  resignation  April  27,  1850;  also  the  statement  that 
he  turned  over  his  keys  to  John  D.  Welts,  who  remained  until 
Jan.  10,  1852,  when  he  resigned  and  went  to  Maine.  George  M. 
Pierce  served  as  night  watchman  during  the  vacation  of  Lewis 
in  1848,  and  when  Lewis  resigned  in  1850,  Samuel  Stillman 
was  appointed  to  take  his  place,  but  declined.  In  1854  the  first 
detail  was  made  for  a  policeman  in  Washington  square,  his  boun- 
daries being  fixed  between  the  canal  bridge,  on  Front  street, 
and  the  crossing  of  the  western  railroad,  on  Grafton  street. 

In  1851  the  blue  laws  came  in  for  attention  from  the  City 
Council.  Feb.  21  Alderman  Charles  White  introduced  the  fol- 
lowing order,  which  was  adopted :  "Whereas,  it  appears  that  the 
ordinance  against  smoking  in  the  streets  is  daily  violated,  it  is 
ordered  that  the  city  marshal  be  directed  to  prosecute  all  such 
violations  without  unnecessary  delay." 

Feb.  13,  1854,  Mayor  Knowlton  appointed  Frederic  Warren 
city  marshal,  but  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  by  a  vote  of  5  to  3, 
refused  to  confirm  him.  Henry  W.  Conklin  was  nominated  and 
confirmed  Feb.  27,  but  declined  the  office.  Lovell  Baker.  Jr., 
was  appointed  and  confirmed  Feb.  27.  The  pay  of  the  watchmen 
was  on  a  sliding  scale  from  1848  to  1862,  when  it  was  fixed  at 
$2  a  day,  and  watchmen  were  obliged  to  give  their  entire  time 
to  the  city.  During  the  first  sixteen  years  of  the  city's  incorpora- 
tion, the  watchmen  worked  afternoons  in  shops  and  traveled 
nights.  In  1859  tne  Pav  of  watchmen  was  $1.37^  a  night,  and  at 
other  times  it  was  fixed  at  $1.12^  and  $1.16  2-3.  In  1858  the  cap- 
tain of  the  night-watch  was  paid  $1.50  a  night.  In  1851  the  list 
of  property  owned  by  the  Police  Department,  according  to  the 
report  of  Mayor  Bacon,  was  "furniture  in  office-room,  10  straw 
ticks,  26  blankets,  12  watchmen's  rattles,  7  billies,  and  i  pair 
of  leg-irons." 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  45 

*  In  1854  Mayor  Knowlton  recommended  the  reorganization  of 
the  department.  The  population  was  increasing  1,000  a  year, 
and  there  were  but  five  watchmen.  The  expenses  of  the  depart- 
ment increased  from  $585  in  1848  to  $5,450  in  1854,  and  the 
Police  Court  complaints  had  increased  from  365  in  1848  to  1,026 
in  1854.  In  1855  George  W.  Richardson  was  elected  mayor,  and 
appointed  Jonathan  Day  city  marshal,  the  salary  being  fixed  at 
$1,000,  and  Levi  Jackson  and  Benjamin  Walker  were  appointed 
assistant  marshals,  at  a  salary  of  $700  each.  Samuel  Sweetser 
and  Ebenezer  Flagg  were  appointed  day  watchmen.  Alvan  Allen, 
city  marshal  in  1853,  was  elected  city  auditor  in  1854.  He  was 
killed  Nov.  29,  1859,  between  Front  and  Mechanic  streets,  while 
walking  on  the  railroads  tracks. 

Mayor  Peter  C.  Bacon,  in  his  inaugural  April  7,  1851,  said  in 
reference  to  the  fugitive  slave  law : 

There  is  one  subject  now  occupying  a  high  place  in  public 
consideration.  I  refer  to  the  duty  of  the  public  police  as  con- 
nected with  the  recent  enforcement  of  enactment  of  the  fugitive 
slave  law.  It  may  be  asked  whether  it  is  intended  that  the  police  of 
this  city  shall  assist  in  its  official  capacity,  in  its  enforcement.  I 
say,  "Xo."  The  government  of  the  Union  is  clothed  with  all  nec- 
essary authority,  and  to  them  should  be  left  enforcement  of  this 
law. 

The  anti-slavery  sentiment  in  Worcester  dates  back  to  1767, 
when  the  representative  to  the  General  Court  was  instructed  to 
use  his  influence  "to  obtain  a  law  to  put  an  end  to  that  unchristian 
and  impolitic  species."  It  developed  until  the  days  of  William 
Lloyd  Garrison,  and  during  the  administration  of  Mayor  Knowl- 
ton there  was  considerable  Garrison  sentiment  in  Worcester. 
The  city  was  a  hotbed  of  anti-slavery  agitation,  and  intense  ex- 
citement was  caused  by  the  attempted  enforcement  of  the  fugi- 
tive slave  law.  Many  of  the  citizens  were  pronounced  anti-sla- 
very men,  and  many  a  fugitive  slave  found  shelter  within  the  city 
limits.  The  excitement  that  was  created  in  1853  developed  in 
the  year  following,  until  riots  calling  for  police  interference  took 
place.  What  are  known  as  the  Asa  Butman  and  "Angel  Gabriel" 
riots,  are  familiar  to  many  of  the  older  residents  who  took  an 
active  interest  in  them  at  the  time. 

Asa  O.  Butman  was  one  of  the  deputy  United  States  sheriffs 
who  had  assisted  in  hunting  down  and  arresting  refugees  in  Bos- 
ton and  elsewhere  in  this  state.  His  fame  had  reached  Worcester,. 


46 


History  of  Police  Department, 


so  that  when  he  had  put  in  an  appearance,  a  welcome  awaited 
him  that  was  not  tending  to  his  personal  safety.  He  came  to  this 
city  on  the  afternoon  of  Oct.  29,  1854,  and  put  up  at  the  American 
House,  where  he  registered  under  an  assumed  name,  thinking, 
no  doubt,  his  identity  would  be  unknown,  and  he  could  pursue 
his  work  without  molestation.  He  had  not  been  long  in  town 
before  his  presence  was  generally  known,  and  a  meeting  of  the 


POLICE    HEADQUARTERS, 

Station  i,  Waldo  Street. 


Vigilance  Committee  called.  A  committee  was  appointed  to 
watch  the  hotel  during  the  night  to  see  that  he  did  not  escape, 
and  excitement  on  the  street  and  among  the  crowd  ran  high, 
even  to  the  point  of  a  mob.  The  committee  of  watchers  was 
considerably  reinforced  from  the  crowd,  and  found  amusement 
during  the  weary  hours  of  the  night  by  frequent  calls  at  the 
inn  door,  and  by  shouting  and  jeering.  Butman  became  ex- 
asperated by  their  actions,  and  drew  a  revolver,  which  he  threat- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  47 

ened  to  use  upon  the  crowd  if  it  did  not  leave  him  alone.  This 
gave  the  committee  an  excuse  for  having  him  arrested.  A  warrant 
was  soon  served  charging  him  with  carrying  concealed  weapons, 
and  he  was  lodged  in  the  watch-house.  The  case  was  disposed 
of  the  following  day  by  being  postponed  until  a  later  date.  The 
prisoner,  after  furnishing  bail,  was  allowed  to  depart  and  was  to 
take  a  train  for  Boston,  but  the  mob  outside  was  awaiting  his 
appearance.  Fearing  a  riot,  Marshal  Baker  took  Butman  to  his 
office,  and  then  went  out  to  address  the  crowd.  George  F.  Hoar 
also  spoke  to  them,  asking  that  the  man  be  allowed  to  depart  un- 
molested. While  the  marshal  was  thus  engaged,  a  negro  had 
made  his  way  inside  the  building  and  to  the  room  where  Butman 
was  waiting.  Inside  the  room  he  proceeded  to  administer  pun- 
ishment to  the  defenseless  victim  of  his  anger.  Butman. was 
knocked  to  the  floor  and  would  have  been  given  a  severe  pound- 
ing but  for  the  return  of  the  marshal,  who  immediately  arrested 
the  negro  and  locked  him  up  in  the  room,  where  he  was  left 
for  a  short  time.  When  wanted  he  was  not  to  be  found,  having 
crawled  out  of  the  window,  dropped  to  the  ground  and  made 
his  escape.  Escorted  by  Mr.  Hoar  and  Rev.  T.  W.  Higginson, 
Butman  started  for  the  depot.  The  crowd  was  too  much  ex- 
cited to  allow  him  to  depart  without  some  token  of  their  indigna- 
tion. Several  times  before  the  depot  was  reached  he  was  pelted 
with  eggs  and  similar  missiles,  none  of  which  had  any  serious 
effect.  Arriving  at  the  depot,  it  was  found  that  the  train  by  which 
he  was  intending  to  take  his  departure  nad  gone  and  another 
would  not  leave  for  an  hour  or  more.  The  crowd  again  became 
excited,  and  cries  of  "Kill  him  !"  "Put  him  out  of  misery,"  "Make 
him  a  present  of  a  coat  of  tar  and  feathers !"  and  similar  remarks, 
were  heard.  Fearing  an  outbreak,  Butman  was  hurried  into  the 
closet  attached  to  the  station,  the  marshal  ordered  a  team,  and  he 
was  taken  to  Upton,  where  he  could  await  the  next  train  in 
safety.  It  was  in  John  A.  Dodge's  brougham  that  he  was  finally 
sent  on  his  way,  no  doubt  rejoicing  at  having  escaped  with  his 
life.  He  promised  never  to  show  himself  in  Worcester  again, 
and  it  is  believed  that  he  kept  his  word. 

One  of  the  unusual  events  that  marked  the  progress  of  the 
year  1854  was  the  advent  of  "Gabriel"  and  his  horn.  It  was  not 
the  Archangel  Gabriel  spoken  of  in  the  sacred  page,  but  John  S. 
Orr,  a  Scotchman,  with  more  impudence  than  brains,  who,  with 
a  three-cornered  hat  and  a  cockade  on  his  head  and  an  old  bras? 


48  History  of  Police  Department, 

horn  in  his  bosom,  came  to  Worcester.  He  took  advantage  of  the 
political  excitement  and  traveled  about  the  city  tooting  his  horn, 
collecting  crowds  in  the  streets,  and  delivering  what  he  called 
a  public  lecture,  passing  the  hat  for  contributions.  His  lectures 
generally  consisted  of  a  repetition  of  a  few  ill-chosen  words,  prin- 
cipally a  tirade  against  the  papacy  and  Catholicism,  resulting  in 
a  disturbance.  His  best  argument  was  the  tooting  of  the  horn. 
He  drew  crowds,  demanded  police  protection,  and  a  rough  time 
he  had  of  it.  He  was  arrested  the  second  day  he  appeared  on 
the  streets,  and  on  promise  of  leaving  the  city  was  released.  He 
returned  a  week  later,  and  on  the  occasion  of  his  lecture  a  riot 
followed.  Mayor  Knowlton  read  the  riot  act,  and  the  City  Guards 
were  called  out.  He  was  finally  got  out  of  town,  and  peace  and 
quiet  were  again  restored.  He  went  to  San  Domingo,  where 
he  was  placed  in  prison  during  one  of  his  harangues,  on  the 
charge  of  being  a  general  disturber,  and  died  before  the  expira- 
tion of  his  three  years'  sentence. 

Rev.  T.  W.  Higginson,  pastor  of  the  Free  Church,  was  ar- 
rested by  a  Boston  officer  June  12,  1854,  on  the  charge  of  con- 
spiracy in  connection  with  the  Anthony  Burns  case.  Burns  was 
a  runaway  slave,  arrested  in  Boston,  and  afterward  turned  over 
to  the  Southern  officers.  An  attempt  was  made  to  rescue  him, 
Higginson  being  indicted  with  many  others. 

Isaac  Davis,  elected  mayor  in  1856,  appointed  Frederic  War- 
ren  city  marshal  and  John  L.  Baker  deputy  marshal.  Joseph  H. 
Flint,  for  more  than  forty  years  a  member  of  the  police  force, 
who  died  early  in  the  present  year,  was  appointed  by  Mayor 
Davis.  Frederic  Warren,  known  as  ''King"  Warren,  was  the 
most  widely  known  official  in  Worcester  for  many  years.  He 
was  a  constable  early  in  the  '4o's,  and  is  said  to  have  given  the 
best  satisfaction  of  any  marshal  who  had  held  the  office.  He  was 
courageous  and  fearless,  and  the  rough  element  in  the  several 
sections  of  the  city  had  a  dread  of  his  approach.  It  was  during 
the  first  year  of  Marshal  Warren's  administration  that  the  first 
rules  governing  the  watch  were  adopted  by  the  City  Council. 
Nothing  of  importance  transpired  during  Marshal  Warren's  first 
year  in  office,  and  he  was  reappointed  in  1857  by  Mayor  Rich- 
ardson, and  again  in  1858  by  Mayor  Davis.  J.  Waldo  Denny  wa 
assistant  marshal  in  1857  and  1858,  and  Samuel  H.  Reed  was 
captain  of  the  watch.  In  1857  the  star  badge  was  adopted,  but 
it  was  not  until  later  that  a  uniform  was  suggested.  The  total 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  49 

earnings  of  the  department  for  that  year  was  $2,041.98,  and  the 
expenses  $9,213.  City  Marshal  Warren  died  Nov.  13,  1858,  be- 
ing shot  in  his  office  Nov.  10.  He  had  returned  from  Springfield 
with  a  prisoner,  and  at  the  time  of  the  shooting  there  were  in  his 
office  B.  L.  Harden  and  Henry  W.  Hendricks,  the  latter  a  sheriff 
from  Charleston,  S.  C.,  who  had  been  in  Worcester  a  week  on 
criminal  business.  Marshal  Warren  took  from  his  safe  a  revolver 
which  Henry  D.  Stone  had  given  him,  and  was  showing  it  to 
Deputy  Sheriff  Hendricks.  The  Southern  officer  drew  back  the 
hammer  of  the  revolver  with  the  thumb  and  was  twirling  the 
chambers  of  the  revolver  with  his  fingers  when  it  was  accident- 
ally discharged,  the  bullet  entering  Warren's  breast.  He  knew 
he  was  fatally  wounded,  and  before  he  died  exonerated  the  dep- 
uty sheriff.  He  lived  three  days  and  was  buried  Nov.  15,  the 
funeral  being  largely  attended,  many  policemen  from  out  of  the 
city  being  present.  City  Marshal  Warren  was  forty-nine  years  old, 
son  of  Charles  Warren,  and  was  born  in  Sutton.  He  had  been  a 
policeman,  since  coming  to  Worcester,  several  years  before  the 
city  was  incorporated.  The  Boston  Courier,  in  speaking  of  his 
death,  said :  "Mr.  Warren  was  an  efficient  officer  and  coura«- 
geous  man.  He  was  the  detective  of  western  Massachusetts." 

Rules  governing  the  watch  were  verbal  in  its  early  days,  there 
being  up  to  1856  little  system  in  connection  with  the  manage- 
ment of  the  department,  then  not  exceeding  six  men.  The  bomb- 
throwing  and  the  fugitive  slave  law  excitement  of  the  early  years 
of  that  decade  had  been  handled  fairly  well,  many  specials  being 
sworn  in  on  occasions  of  importance.  City  Marshal  Warren  recom- 
mended rules  for  the  government  of  the  department,  as  Worcester 
was  assuming  the  importance  of  a  city.  Mayor  Isaac  Davis  ap- 
pointed Warren,  and  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen  Samuel  V.  Stone, 
to  whom  the  matter  of  police  rules  was  referred,  reported  Feb.  25, 
1856,  the  following  rules  and  regulations.  They  were  adopted 
by  the  Board  of  Aldermen  and  went  into  effect  immediately.  No 
copies  were  printed,  they  being  read  to  the  watchmen  by  the 
officer  in  charge  of  the  station : 

Section  i.  The  captain  of  the  watch  shall  have  the  charge 
and  supervision  of  all  the  watchmen,  and  shall  have  the  preced- 
ence and  control  of  the  same  whenever  engaged  in  their  duties, 
subject  to  the  general  control  of  the  city  marshal. 

Sec.  2.  He  shall  keep  a  minute  record  of  all  doings  of  the 
watch  ;  of  all  arrests  made  bv  him  or  bv  the  watchmen  under  his 


HOX.  RUFUS  B.  DODGE,  JH.. 
Mayor. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  5  i 

control ;  and  of  commitments  to  the  lock-up  (while  he  is  on  duty) 
by  others  than  the  watchmen.  Said  record  shall  state  the  names 
of  the  persons  arrested,  and  for  what  cause ;  the  name  of  the 
officer  or  person  making  the  arrest ;  and  what  disposition  (if 
any)  has  been  made  of  the  case. 

Sec.  3.  If  any  person  shall  have  been  discharged  by  him 
during  the  night  and  before  making  his  morning  report,  he  shall 
record  the  reason  for  said  discharge.  He  shall  make  a  record 
of  all  the  property  taken  in  charge  by  him  or  by  the  watchmen, 
and  what  disposition  has  been  made  thereof.  He  shall  have  the 
general  charge  of  the  lock-up,  and  to  see  to  the  care  and  safe- 
keeping of  the  persons  who  may  be  confined  therein. 

Sec.  4.  The  record  herein  acquired  shall  be  transmitted  each 
morning  to  the  city  marshal  as  a  report  of  the  doings  of  the 
watch  for  the  preceding  night ;  and  the  record  shall  at  all  times 
be  open  for  the  inspection  of  the  mayor  and  aldermen. 

Sec.  5.  The  watchmen  shall  have  a  fixed  salary,  to  be  agreed 
upon  and  fixed  by  the  mayor  and  aldermen,  and  paid  monthly ; 
and  they  shall  account  for  or  pay  into  the  city  treasury  all  fees 
received  by  them,  or  to  wrhich  they  are  entitled  as  witnesses  in 
all  criminal  cases  in  which  they  may  be  called  to  attend  before 
the  police  court. 

Sec.  6.  The  duties  of  the  watchmen  shall  commence  at  sunset 
and  end  at  sunrise ;  and  they  shall  exercise  full  power  as  watch- 
men during  that  time. 

Sec.  7.  Every  \vatchman  shall  perform  his  tour  of  duty  at 
least  one  hour. 

Sec.  8.  Every  watchman  who  shall  be  found  asleep  at  his 
post  of  duty,  or  any  other  place  during  his  hours  of  duty,  or 
shall  be  guilty  of  any  disorderly  conduct  whatsoever,  shall  be 
suspended  by  the  captain  of  the  watch. 

Sec.  9.  If  any  watchman  shall  be  found  in  any  house,  shop, 
cellar,  or  other  place  of  concealment  during  watch  hours,  except 
in  the  performance  of  his  duty,  he  shall  be  suspended. 

Sec.  10.  If  any  watchman  desires  to  be  absent  during  the 
night,  he  shall  make  it  known  to  the  captain  of  the  watch  be- 
fore* the  time  of  setting  the  watch,  who  may  grant  his  request 
if  he  thinks  proper. 

Sec.  TI.  In  case  any  watchman  is  absent,  the  captain  may 
supply  his  place  by  appointing  some  person  for  the  night. 

Sec.  T2.  The  watchmen  shall  report  all  violations  of  law  and 
order,  or  the  ordinances  of  the  city,  which  they  shall  discover, 
and  all  obstructions  or  defects  in  the  streets  or  highways,  to  the 
captain  of  the  watch,  who  shall  report  the  same  immediately 
to  the  city  marshal. 

Sec.  13.  Xot  more  than  one-half  of  the  whole  number  of  the 
watchmen  shall  leave  their  beats  for  refreshments  at  one  time ; 
and  the  time  shall  be  regulated  by  the  officer  of  the  watch. 


52  History  of  Police  Department, 

Sec.  14.  They  shall  render  immediate  assistance  to  any  person 
who  shall  cry  for  it. 

Sec.  15.  In  case  of  a  discovery  of  fire  by  a  watchman,  he 
shall  first  spring  his  rattle  sufficiently  to  give  alarm,  and  then 
cry  "Fire"  distinctly,  and  in  an  audible  voice  say  where  the 
fire  is. 

Sec.  16.  At  the  time  appointed  for  leaving  for  their  beats, 
the  several  watchmen  shall  meet  at  the  watch-house  and  make 
a  report  to  the  officer  of  the  watch. 

Sec.  17.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  watchmen  to  shut  off  the 
street  gas-lights  within  their  beats,  and  at  the  time  directed  by  the 
persons  having  charge  of  the  same. 

Sec.  1 8.  Any  watchman  neglecting  to  perform  the  duties  or 
refusing  to  obey  the  rules  above  specified,  shall  be  suspended 
by  the  captain  of  the  watch. 

Sec.  19.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  captain  of  the  watch,  after 
suspending  a  watchman  from  duty,  to  forthwith  report  the  same 
to  the  city  marshal,  together  with  the  cause  assigned  for  such 
suspension ;  and  said  watchman  shall  not  be  allowed  to  go  on 
duty  again  except  by  the  permission  of  the  mayor  and  alder- 
men. 

Sec.  20.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  constables  and  police  officers 
to  report  to  the  city  marshal  all  violations  of  law  and  order,  or 
of  the  ordinances  of  the  city,  and  to  aid  and  assist  the  marshal 
when  required  so  to  do. 

Sec.  21.  The  foregoing  rules  and  regulations  are  established 
for  the  government  of  the  police  and  watch,  but  verbal  and  tem- 
porary orders  may  be  given  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may 
require,  by  the  mayor  and  aldermen,  or  by  the  city  marshal  or 
captain  of  the  watch  when  directed  by  them. 

Mayor  Alexander  H.  Bullock  in  1859  selected  as  marshal  Wil- 
liam S.  Lincoln,  with  James  McFarland  as  deputy  marshal  and 
captain  of  the  night-watch,  and  John  M.  Studley  the  second 
deputy  marshal.  There  were  nine  watchmen  and  three  day- 
police,  making  the  total  force  of  patrolmen  twelve  men.  Mr. 
Lincoln  began  a  crusade  against  illegal  liquor-selling,  which  was 
followed  with  persistency  in  after  years,  and  was  accompanied 
with  many  exciting  incidents.  John  Langley,  one  of  the  prom- 
inent gamblers  in  the  city,  had  defied  the  police,  and  the  watch- 
men had  not  exerted  themselves  to  effect  his  arrest.  Mr.  Lin- 
coln had  sufficient  courage  to  carry  out  his  intentions,  and  one 
of  them  was  to  bring  Langley  to  justice.  In  disguise  he  caught 
Langley  violating  the  law,  and  brought  him  before  the  court, 
but  a  fine  of  $100  and  costs  was  the  extent  of  the  punishment, 
which  Langley  willingly  paid.  Political  influence  and  public 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  53 

opinion  were  a  serious  handicap  to  the  work  of  the  department. 
Warner  Clifford,  proprietor  of  the  Bay  State  House,  was  caught 
selling  liquor  and  ordered  into  court.  Before  the  trial  Marshal 
Lincoln  received  orders  from  Mayor  Bullock  to  discontinue  the 
prosecution.  Marshal  Lincoln  tendered  his  resignation,  but  it 
was  not  accepted.  He  finished  his  term,  but  made  no  further  at- 
tempt to  prosecute  liquor  men. 

The  constables  from  1848  to  1851,  and  watchmen  and  day  police 
from  1851  to  1860,  were:     Frederic  Warren,  Edwin  Eaton,  Asa 
Matthews,  George  Jones,  Levi  Jackson,  Alvan  W.  Lewis,  Jona- 
than Day,  William  L.  Merchant,  Elbridge  G.  Watkins,  Jeremiah 
Kane,  Peter  Donliavie,  William  A.   Howland,  John  D.  Welts, 
David  Gleason,  Andrew  Beaman,  William  W.  Codding,  Stephen 
Shumway,  Lathrop  Dorman,  Gustavus  Elliot,   Ebenezer  Lund, 
Arvin  Thompson,  James  McFarland,  M.  L.  Bolster,  Joseph  Chap- 
man, Lewis  B.  Clisbe,  Michael  O'Driscoll,  George  S.  Hamilton, 
Lawson  E.  Levering,    John  R.  Willard,    Samuel    S.    Sweetser, 
Ebenezer  Flagg,  Henry  H.  Harrington,  Horace  Hilman,  Dwight 
S.  Jackson,  James  H.   Raymore,  Otis  Stearns,  Haskey  Wight, 
George   S.    Hamilton,   Ezra   Kent,   William   Hoyle,   Samuel   H. 
Reed,  Charles  T.  Whitmore,  Joseph  H.  Flint,  William  Lawrence, 
John   Morrison,   George   F.   Newton,   Silas   Xotirse,   Francis   C. 
Bigelow,  Silas  Clapp,  John  G.  Coes,  Perley  Dean,  Walter  H. 
Duggan,     Charles    W.     Wentworth,     Hollis    Ball,     John     W.  ' 
Davis,    William    B.     Martin.      The    deputy    marshals    during 
that  period  were:     Frederic  Warren  and  Edwin  Eaton,  1848; 
Frederic  Warren,    1852  and   1853;    Levi   Jackson    and    Benja- 
min Walker,  1855;  John  L.  Baker,  1856;  J.  Waldo  Denny,  1857 
and  1858;  John  M.  Goodhue,  1858;  James  McFarland  and  John 
M.  Studley,   1859.     Captains  of  night-watch — Frederic  Warren, 
1851,  1852  and  1853;  Benjamin  Walker,  1855;  Samuel  H.  Reed, 
1857;  James  McFarland,  1858  and  1859. 


POIJCE  COMMITTEE. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  55 

CHAPTER    IV. 
THIRTY  YEARS  IN  BRIEF. 

Growth  of  Department  During  Period  of  Civil  War — Escape  of  Counter- 
feiter William  Brockway — Col.  James  M.  Drennan's  Crusade  Against  the 
Gamblers— W.  Ansel  Washburn  and  Amos  Atkinson  at  Head  of  Police — 
Offices  of  Roundsman,  Detectives  and  Sergeants  Created — Opening  of 
Xe\v  Station  on  "Island." 

The  night-watch  had  been  established  ten  years  when,  in  1860, 
the  police  force  went  through  its  second  reorganization.  The 
fugitive  slave  law  riots,  the  active  temperance  agitation  that  pre- 
ceded municipal  elections,  and  the  tragic  death  of  Frederic  War- 
ren, were  fresh  in  the  minds  of  the  people  when  the  war-cloud 
appeared  to  keep  the  public  mind  in  a  fevered  state  of  excite- 
ment. 

\Yilliam  W.  Rice  was  elected  mayor  in  the  fall  of  1859,  and  the 
year  1860  opened  in  police  circles  with  the  appointment  of  Col. 
Ivers  Phillips  of  Fitchburg  city  marshal,  and  Levi  Jackson  and 
Charles  H.  Braman  deputy  marshals,  Levi  Jackson  acting  as  cap- 
tain of  the  night  police.  Colonel  Phillips,  who  died  in  Boulder, 
Col.,  June  10,  1900,  at  the  age  of  95  years,  was  the  oldest  survivor 
of  the  town  constables.  He  was  constable  in  1838,  a  member 
of  the  Pursuing  Committee  of  the  Mutual  Aid  Society  for  the 
Detection  of  Thieves  in  1843,  anc^  a  bitter  opponent  of  the  rum 
sentiment.  He  had  moved  to  Fitchburg,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  manufacturing  interests,  and  was  also  president  of  the  Boston, 

Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad  when  Mavor  Rice  called  him  to  the 

i  -1 

office  of  city  marshal.  Colonel  Phillips  accepted  the  place  with 
reluctance,  but  as  his  temperance  ideas  agreed  with  those  of 
Mayor  Rice,  he  accepted,  still  retaining  the  presidency  of  the 
railroad. 

Mayor  Rice  recommended  a  more  liberal  appropriation  for  the 
police,  and  discouraged  the  inclination  to  increase  the  earnings 
of  the  department  by  unnecessary  arrests.  The  department  had 
been  placed  upon  a  more  substantial  basis,  the  police  quarters 
under  City  Hall  being  enlarged  the  year  before.  In  October, 
1860,  Edwin  Haven  was  appointed  lieutenant  of  police,  his  pay 
being  fixed  at  $1.65  a  night.  The  watchmen  included  Sumner 


56  History  of  Police  Department, 

Bridges,  Leonard  E.  Brigham,  Ephraim  L.  Drury,  Ebenezer 
Flagg,  Joseph  H.  Flint,  H.  H.  Harrington.  Charles  D.  Mower, 
Stephen  Shumway  and  Otis  Stearns.  In  addition  there  were  ten 
constables  and  six  specials.  The  original  rules  were  revised, 
and  those  adopted  in  1860  were  ordered  printed.  The  first  sec- 
tion was : 

The  night  police  shall  consist  of  a  captain,  and  lieutenant  of 
the  watch,  and,  until  otherwise  ordered,  of  ten  watchmen,  who 
shall  be  distributed  as  follows,  viz. :  four  on  Main  street,  from 
Park  street  to  Lincoln  square ;  two  on  the  south  beat,  from  Front 
street  south ;  two  on  the  north  beat,  from  Front  street  north, 
and  two  on  the  west  beat,  from  Main  street  west,  which  beat  shall 
extend  from  Wellington  to  Grove  street. 

The  rules  were  more  specific  than  those  of  1856,  and  many  of 
them  are  embodied  in  the  rules  of  the  present  department.  The 
first  assistant  marshal  was  also  captain  of  the  night- watch, and  was 
obliged  to  be  on  duty  a  portion  of  the  day  and  until  12  o'clock 
at  night,  when  he  was  relieved  by  the  lieutenant.  It  was  the  duty 
of  the  lieutenant  of  the  watch  to  patrol  the  city  from  9  to  12 
o'clock,  when  he  was  to  relieve  the  night  captain  and  remain  in 
the  office  until  the  arrival  of  the  second  assistant  marshal. 

The  action  taken  by  City  Marshal  Phillips  against  the  rum  ele- 
ment brought  him  into  unpleasant  notoriety,  and  at  the  end  of  the 
year  he  was  satisfied  to  give  up  the  office.  He  made  many 
liquor  seizures,  the  majority  of  them  being  during  the  night,  and 
many  convictions  were  brought  about  through  the  persistency 
of  his  efforts.  Shortly  before  his  term  of  office  expired  he  was 
sued  by  W.  C.  Clark,  owner  of  what  is  now  the  Walker  block, 
corner  Main  and  Mechanic  streets.  Marshal  Phillips  arrested 
Mr.  Clark  during  the  progress  of  a  riot  in  front  of  his  block, 
and  suit  was  brought  on  the  ground  that  Colonel  Phillips  was 
not  a  legal  resident  of  the  city.  The  case  was  freely  discussed 
and  finally  dropped. 

Isaac  Davis  was  again  elected  mayor  in  1861,  and  appointed 
Col.  Levi  Barker  city  marshal.  The  Legislature  passed  in  1860 
a  law  defining  costs  in  criminal  proceedings,  and  marshals  and 
assistants  were  afterward  paid  stated  salaries  by  the  city,  and 
were  obliged  to  turn  into  the  county  treasury  all  fees  paid  them. 
The  year  was  uneventful  in  police  circles,  although  there  was 
some  excitement  throughout  the  city  resulting  from  the  prepara- 
tions for  war.  Provost  marshals  had  been  appointed  in  the  con- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  57 

gressional  districts  in  all  the  loyal  states,  who  were  to  supervise 
and  execute  the  enrollment  and  draft.  The  excitement  attend- 
ing the  draft  was  not  experienced  in  Worcester,  for  the  reason 
that  there  were  sufficient  volunteers,  and  there  were  not  the  riots 
over  the  conscription  act  for  drafting  men  in  1863  experienced 
in  other  cities.  During  City  Marshal  Barker's  administration 
the  first  special  was  sent  to  Quinsigamond  Village.  James  Mc- 
Farland  was  appointed  captain  of  the  night-watch  in  place  of 
Levi  Jackson.  Soldiers  were  encamped  on  the  fair  grounds 
awaiting  orders  during  the  year,  and  naturally  were  unruly  at 
night,  keeping  the  night-watch  busy  much  of  the  time.  Mingled 
with  their  patriotism  was  the  desire  to  enjoy  the  preparations 
for  war,  to  the  expense  of  many  hours  of  worry  by  the  night 
watchmen.  There  were  desertions  and  foraging  parties,  and  the 
watchmen  were  not  sorry  when  the  orders  to  go  to  the  front 
were  received.  During  the  war 'many  deserters  were  arrested 
and  sent  back  to  their  companies.  There  was  also  more  or  less 
excitement  in  the  city  when  the  soldiers  returned  on  furloughs 
and  made  free  use  of  their  money.  No  exciting  events  followed 
the  return  of  the  soldiers  on  furloughs  or  the  final  marching 
home  of  the  troops  later  in  the  decade. 

During  the  four  years  of  the  war  the  mayors  were  P.  Emory 
Aldrich,  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  and  Phinehas  Ball,  the  latter  hold- 
ing the  office  when  the  troops  came  home.  The  marshals  were 
William  E.  Starr,  succeeding  Col.  Levi  Barker,  in  1862,  and 
Charles  B.  Pratt,  in  1863,  1864  and  1865.  Colonel  Barker  and 
William  E.  Starr  are  now  living  in  Worcester,  and  have  a  clear 
recollection  of  the  troublesome  times  during  the  years  they  were 
at  the  head  of  the  department.  The  appointment  of  special 
policemen  increased  from  year  to  year,  the  first  detail  being  made 
in  1859,  under  Marshal  J.  Waldo  Denny.  He  succeeded  Frederic 
Warren  upon  his  death.  These  first  specials  were  Calvin  W. 
Angier,  Boston  &  Worcester  railroad  station ;  John  Graves, 
western  railroad  station ;  Erastus  N.  Holmes,  Mechanics  Hall ; 
Calvin  H.  Pierce,  mission  chapel,  on  Summer  street. 

The  year  of  Mr.  Starr's  administration  was  one  of  the  quietest 
in  the  early  history  of  the  city,  possibly  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
events  of  the  war  greatly  overshadowed  those  at  home.  The  pay 
of  the  policemen  was  gradually  increased  during  the  years  from 
1860.  In  1864  the  department  was  put  upon  what  in  those 
days  was  called  a  permanent  basis.  It  had  been  the  custom  of 


WILLIAM  J.  E.  STONE, 
Chief  of  Police. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  59 

watchmen  to  travel  nights  and  work  a  part  of  the  day.  Under 
Mayor  Lincoln  the  watchmen  were  increased  to  $2  a  day  Jan. 
IT,  and  captains  were  increased  to  $2.40  a  night.  At  that  time, 
on  recommendation  of  Alderman  George  Crompton,  the  pay  of 
the  city  marshal  was  increased  to  $1,500,  and  the  deputy  mar- 
shals to  $800  and  $850.  The  salary  of  the  city  marshal  was  in- 
creased Feb.  15,  1869,  to  $1,600,  and  the  assistant  marshals  Feb. 
i,  1866, 'to  $1,050  for  first  assistant  and  $1,000  for  second  assist- 
ant. The  salary  of  the  marshal  was  not  changed  for  several 
years,  but  the  assistants  were  raised  in  1869  to  $1,100  and  $1,150. 
The  pay  of  the  watchmen,  which  had  been  increased  to  $2  in 
January,  1864,  was  increased  to  $2.25  in  October,  1865,  the  pay 
of  the  captains  being  fixed  at  $2.40.  March  I,  1866,  the  salary 
of  the  captain  of  the  night-watch  was  increased  to  $2.65  a  night, 
and  the  captain  of  the  day-police  to  $2.50.  Feb.  3,  1868,  the  pay 
of  patrolmen  was  raised  to  $2.50,  and  the  following  year  the 
pay  of  captains  was  raised  to  $2.75,  the  night  and  day  captains 
receiving  the  same  amount. 

Charles  B.  Pratt  was  city  marshal  in  1863,  1864  and  1865, 
through  the  administrations  of  Mayors  D.  Waldo  Lincoln  and 
Phinehas  Ball,  and  proved  to  be  an  interesting  official.  He  took 
active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  department,  and  several  events 
of  importance  took  place  during  his  terms  of  service.  His  assist- 
ant marshals  were  Charles  M.  Ruggles  and  John  A.  Dana,  and  the 
captain  of  the  watch  was  John  F.  Murray.  These  officials  held 
office  until  1865,  when  James  M.  Drennan  became  second  assist- 
ant marshal  and  Henry  Cole  captain  of  the  night-watch.  Truant 
commissioners  were  created  in  1863,  consisting  of  Mayor  D. 
Waldo  Lincoln,  City  Marshal  Charles  B.  Pratt  and  J.  D.  E. 
Jones,  superintendent  of  schools.  Special  policemen  were  ap- 
pointed that  year  for  "Ward's  island."  The  report  of  the  city 
marshal  for  the  preceding  year  showed  that  there  were  forty- 
four  arrests  for  desertions  from  the  army  and  one  from  the  navy, 
and  that  the  "soldiers  in  camp  had  kept  the  department  busy 
much  of  the  time."  Uniforms  for  men  were  recommended  dur- 
ing Marshal  Pratt's  first  year,  and  Oct.  10  the  City  Council 
voted  that  $25  should  be  allowed  each  officer  for  military  over- 
coat. During  the  enforcement  of  the  conscription  act  in  1863 
$100  was  expended  for  extra  policemen  on  July  4.  In  1865  the 
Legislature  passed  an  act  authorizing  policemen  to  carry  arms 


60  History  of  Police  Department, 

and  a  "billy"  and  revolver,  and  the  police  gave  up  the  rattle 
for  the  more  modern  equipments. 

Under  Marshal  Pratt's  administration  the  affairs  of  the  depart- 
ment progressed  smoothly,  the  only  incident  of  special  interest 
being  the  escape  and  capture  of  William  Brockway,  counterfeiter 
and  burglar.  Brockway  presented  a  bill  at  the  depot  for  a  ticket 
to  a  western  point,  and  it  was  discovered  it  was  a  counterfeit. 
He  was  arrested  at  Springfield  at  the  request  of  the  Worcester 
officers  and  brought  back  to  this  city.  Assistant  Marshal  John 
A.  Dana  met  him  at  the  railroad  station  and  locked  him  in  a  cell 
at  the  police-station.  There  were  no  bars  across  the  windows, 
and  Brockway  smashed  out  the  glass  with  a  shovel  and  escaped. 
Assistant  Marshal  Dana  gave  chase,  but  was  not  fast  enough, 
and  the  counterfeiter  escaped  by  jumping  into  a  farmer's  wagon 
and  driving  toward  Auburn.  In  1865  City  Marshal  Pratt  learned 
Brockway  was  in  Xew  York,  and  with  Assistant  Marshal  Dana 
went  to  that  city,  brought  about  Brockway's  arrest,  and  he  was 
brought  back  to  this  city.  He  received  sentence,  but  it  was  not 
long  after  his  liberation  that  he  was  wanted  for  burglary. 

In  1865  W.  Ansel  Washburn  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Phinehas  Ball,  and  in  1866  Sumner  W. 
Ranger,  now  captain  of  Station  2,  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  force  by  Mayor  James  B.  Blake.  J.  Orlando  Bemis  was  ap- 
pointed first  truant  officer  in  1865.  City  Marshal  Pratt  made 
the  first  suggestion  that  the  Police  Department  be  made  perma- 
nent. In  1865  he  recommended  an  increase  in  the  force,  also  a 
raise  of  pay,  and  asked  for  a  day  policeman  at  the  railroad  sta- 
tion. Referring  to  the  permanency  of  the  force,  he  said  in  his 
last  report :  "The  system  of  dispensing  of  police  appointments 
as  political  rewards,  thereby  producing  many  and  frequent 
changes,  does  not  produce  the  best  results." 

Mayor  James  B.  Blake  assumed  the  office  in  1866,  and  served 
through  a  portion  of  1870,  when  he  was  killed  by  the  explosion 
of  the  Gas  Works.  The  war  had  closed,  and  military  men  were 
receiving  rewards  for  their  services  in  the  way  of  political  ap- 
pointments. For  several  years  the  soldier  figured  with  promi- 
nence in  the  police,  in  common  with  other  departments.  City 
Marshal  Pratt  resigned  Jan.  29,  1866,  and  at  a  special  session 
of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  Jan.  30  the  appointment  of  Capt. 
Joseph  B.  Knox  was  made  by  Mayor  Blake  and  confirmed. 
Nothing  of  interest  took  place  during  that  year,  the  "cholera 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  61 

scare"  being  agitated  freely.  It  was  during  this  year  the  ordi- 
nance forbidding  hogs  to  'run  at  large  was  passed,  and  City 
Marshal  Knox  was  ordered  to  strictly  enforce  it  as  a  preventive 
against  the  spread  of  cholera,  of  which  the  city  was  in  dread. 
Gen.  A.  B.  R.  Sprague  was  appointed  city  marshal  in  1867,  and 
after  serving  six  weeks  resigned  to  accept  a  position  in  the  in- 
ternal revenue  department.  Col.  James  M.  Drennan,  also  a  sol- 
dier, who  served  as  assistant  marshal  under  Marshal  Sprague, 
was  appointed  city  marshal  June  10,  1867,  and  since  that  time 
has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  department.  Emory 
Wilson  was  assistant  marshal,  and  the  captains  of  police  were 
Henry  Cole  and  George  W.  Austin.  During  City  Marshal  Dren- 
nan's  first  term  Clark  Jillson,  clerk  of  the  Police  Court,  and 
afterward  mayor,  was  appointed  patrolman.  He  appreciated  the 
work  of  a  policeman,  for  when  he  became  mayor  the  pay  of  the 
police  was  raised  to  $3  a  day,  the  highest  figure  it  has  reached. 

City  Marshal  Drennan's  connection  with  the  department  first 
ceased  in  1872,  and  he  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  ridding  Worces- 
ter of  its  most  pronounced  gambling  evils.  He  drove  the  most 
notorious  of  them  out  of  the  city,  and  an  ex-police  official  briefly 
puts  it :  "Colonel  Drennan  broke  the  gamblers."  He  was  a  fear- 
less, industrious  official,  and  personally  conducted  many  of  the 
police  expeditions  that  made  the  department  much  to  be  feared 
during  the  early  '7o's.  He  showed  no  mercy  to  rumsellers,  and 
in  making  raids  took  long  chances  for  his  personal  safety,  bring- 
ing rum  out  of  the  most  inconceivable  hiding-places.  His  re- 
forms began  with  a  military  drill,  which  the  police  were  obliged 
to  go  through  in  Horticultural  hall,  wooden  swords  being  used. 
What  soldierly  discipline  there  is  in  the  department  to-day  had 
its  origin  with  Colonel  Drennan,  who  devoted  many  years  of  his 
useful  life  to  police-work.  In  one  of  his  reports  he  said  the 
"method  of  discipline  was  new  and  distasteful  to  the  men,  but  they 
gradually  worked  into  and  liked  it."  He  recommended  in  1868 
a  new  station  near  the  Junction  depot. 

In  1868  Emory  Wilson  and  W.  Ansel  Washburn  were  assist- 
ant marshals,  John  Howe  captain  of  the  night-watch  and  Joel 
L.  Prouty  captain  of  the  day-police.  Amos  Atkinson,  now  dep- 
uty chief  of  police,  Ezra  Churchill  and  Charles  A.  Garland  were 
added  to  the  force  that  year.  The  force  was  materially  increased 
in  1869,  Harrison  H.  Comings  being  captain  of  the  day-police 
and  John  Howe  captain  of  the  night-police.  In  1870  Reuben 


AMOS  ATKINSON, 

City  Marshal,  iS&t-'Sj,  and  Present  Deputy  Chief  of  Police. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  63 

M.  Colby  and  Joseph  M.  Dyson  were  added  to  the  force,  and 
two  horses  were  purchased,  the  cost  of  horse-hire  for  the  previous 
year  having  been  upward  of  $1,000.  The  first  system  of  police 
records  was  introduced  by  Marshal  Drennan  in  1869,  showing 
in  detail  the  work  done  by  the  department.  Stations  were  rec- 
ommended that  year  for  the  north  and  south  ends  of  the  city, 
and  dormitories  received  recommendation  in  his  annual  report. 
In  referring  to  the  death  of  Mayor  Blake,  City  Marshal  Drennan 
said  in  his  report :  "The  last  work  performed  by  him  at  night 
before  leaving  City  Hall,  even  as  late  as  the  midnight  hour,  was 
a  tour  of  inspection  through  the  department  and  the  city  prison, 
and  the  kindness  of  heart  shown  and  the  pleasant  word  spoken 
by  him  to  the  poor  imprisoned  unfortunates  will  dwell  long  in 
their  recollections." 

In  1870  there  were  twenty-four  night  watchmen,  and  E.  D. 
McFarland  was  truant  officer.  The  force  had  been  increased, 
and  City  Marshal  Drennan  had  prominently  figured  in  the  two 
most  famous  cases  in  police  history  of  Worcester — the  mur- 
der of  Joseph  G.  Clark  by  Silas  and  Charles  T.  James  in  1868, 
and  the  Graf  ton  Bank  robbery  in  1870.  From  1870  to  1880 
there  was  continued  agitation  relative  to  the  pay  of  officers,  and 
early  in  the  decade  the  first  steps  were  taken  toward  making 
the  force  permanent.  In  1872,  under  Mayor  George  F.  Verry, 
the  pay  was  $2.75  a  day  for  patrolmen,  $3  for  captains,  and  the 
marshal  received  $1,600,  that  being  the  salary  paid  for  several 
years.  Clark  Jillson  succeeded  Mayor  Verry,  and  there  was  a  de- 
cided advance  in  salaries.  The  city  marshal  received  $2,200,  as- 
sistants $1,500,  captains  $3.25,  and  patrolmen  $3.  In  1874,  under 
Mayor  Davis,  the  salary  of  the  city  marshal  was  reduced  to  $2,000, 
assistants  received  $1,500  and  $1,450;  captains  were  paid  $3.25, 
and  patrolmen  $2.75  a  day.  Clark  Jillson  was  mayor  in  1875, 
and  the  pay  of  captains  was  reduced  from  $3.25  to  $3  a  day.  In 
1876  the  salaries  were  further  reduced,  the  marshal  being  paid 
$1,800,  assistants  $1,350  each,  captains  $2.75,  and  patrolmen 
$2.50.  The  pay  of  the  city  marshal  and  assistants  remained  the 
same  until  1881,  but  the  pay  of  patrolmen  was  reduced  in  1877 
from  $2.50.10  $2.25. 

Worcester  was  experiencing  results  of  the  panic  of  1877,  and 
there  was  a  tendency  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen  to  make  a  gen- 
eral reduction  of  salaries.  Captains  received  $2.50  in  1877,  ^78 
and  1879,  and  were  raised  to  $2.75  in  1880.  In  1881,  under 


64  History  of  Police  Department, 

Mayor  F.  H.  Kelley,  the  salary  of  city  marshal  was  increased 
to  $1,800,  the  assistant  marshals  $1,300  each,  captains  $3  a  night, 
and  patrolmen  were  advanced  to  $2.50.  There  it  remained  until 
the  reorganization  of  the  department  Dec.  I,  1896,  when  the 
graded  system  was  adopted,  pay  being  fixed  at  $2.75  a  day  for 
third-year  patrolmen.  This  was  done  through  the  efforts  of 
Councilman  Nicholas  J.  Mooney,  a  member  of  the  Police  Com- 
mittee of  the  City  Council.  The  pay  of  detectives,  which  began  in 
1876  with  the  appointment  of  Ezra  Churchill,  has  varied  from 
$2.50  to  $3.25,  the  amount  paid  at  the  present  time.  In  1883 
the  rank  of  sergeant  was  created,  the  salary  being  fixed  at  $1,000, 
and  the  pay  of  captains  was  advanced  to  $1,200.  The  only  change 
in  recent  years  is  the  advance  in  the  salary  of  sergeants  to  $1,100. 
the  pay  of  captains  remaining  the  same. 

In  1884  and  1885  Amos  Atkinson  was  the  city  marshal,  and  he 
combined  with  it  the  office  of  probation  officer,  increasing  the 
salary  from  $1,800  to  $2,200,  probation  officer  being  paid  $400. 
The  office  was  established  by  act  of  the  Legislature  in  February, 
1883,  and  is  now  held  by  Col.  E.  J.  Russell,  the  salary  having 
been  increased  to  $1,500.  In  1871  the  name  of  watchman  dis- 
appeared from  the  records,  and  since  that  time  Worcester  has 
had  a  police  force  upon  modern  lines.  The  first  detective  ap- 
pointed was  Ezra  Churchill  in  1876,  and  David  A.  Matthews  was 
appointed  roundsman  in  1879,  serving  one  year.  Amos  Atkinson 
had  acted  as  roundsman,  but  the  office  was  not  created  by  the 
City  Council  until  1879,  an(l  lasted  but  a  single  year.  During 
that  year  Patrick  O'Day  was  appointed  special  liquor  officer. 
Jan.  7,  1884,  Reuben  M.  Colby  and  Patrick  O'Day  were  appointed 
detectives,  and  in  February,  1883,  John  W.  Hadley  and  Charles 
W.  Barker  were  appointed  sergeants  to  have  charge  of  Station 
2,  they  being  the  first  sergeants  appointed  in  the  department. 

Jonathan  B.  Sibley  was  appointed  city  marshal  by  Mayor 
George  F.  Verry  in  1872,  held  the  office  one  year,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  the  first  city  marshal  to  come 
from  the  ranks.  Emory  Wilson  and  James  R.  Fish  were  assist- 
ant marshals  under  Marshal  Sibley,  and  when  Mr.  Washburn 
assumed  the  office,  E.  D.  McFarland  and  Joseph  M.  Dyson  were 
made  assistants.  Amos  Atkinson  was  appointed  captain  of  night- 
police  and  Joseph  L.  Hall  captain  of  day-police.  Mayor  Yerry 
was  elected  by  the  Democrats,  and  the  changes  up  to  that 
time  were  made  in  the  department.  The  force  was  made  up 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  65 

largely  of  Republicans.  Mayor  Verry  dropped  nearly  one-half 
the  number,  replacing  the  Republicans  by  Democrats  as  his  po- 
litical reward.  In  1873  Mayor  Clark  Jillson  reinstated  many  of 
those  dropped  by  Mayor  Verry.  When  Mayor  Jillson  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mayor  Edward  L.  Davis,  the  most  sweeping  change 
in  the  history  of  the  department  was  made,  upward  of  twenty 
men  being  dropped.  The  majority  of  them  were  reappointed 
the  following  year  by  Mayor  Jillson,  who  succeeded  Mayor  Davis 
In  1877  Charles  B.  Pratt  was  mayor,  and  he  laid  the  foundation 
of  a  permanent  police  force.  During  this  period  the  force  was 
increased  rapidly  from  year  to  year,  and  Mayor  Pratt  was  able 
to  make  political  appointments  without  pronounced  changes.  He 
recommended  in  his  inaugurals  that  the  force  be  made  permanent. 
His  example  was  followed  by  other  mayors  until  it  was  made 
permanent  during  Mayor  Samuel  Winslow's  administration  in 
1888,  the  City  Council,  May  22  of  that  year,  accepting  the  act 
of  the  Legislature  for  "the  tenure  of  the  members  of  the  police 
force  of  the  city  of  Worcester." 

During  the  administration  of  Mayor  E.  L.  Davis  in  1874,  an 
unfortunate  incident  happened  that  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Mayor 
Davis  at  the  polls,  and  a  complete  change  in  the  organization  of 
the  Police  Department.  A.  Davis  Pratt  was  appointed  city  mar- 
shal in  1874,  and  during  the  fall  of  that  year  John  Kelley  com- 
plained of  the  conduct  of  his  son,  who  was  living  at  the  corner 
of  Union  and  Thomas  streets.  The  place  was  watched,  and 
Officers  Silas  Clapp  and  Joseph  Whittemore  arrested  Kelley  and 
a  woman  Dec.  TO,  locking  them  up  at  the  police-station.  It  de- 
veloped that  the  couple  was  married,  and  the  incident  was  used 
as  a  campaign  document,  with  the  result  that  Clark  Jillson  de- 
feated Mayor  Davis,  and  the  police  who  had  anything  to  do  with 
the  arrest  went  out  of  office.  City  Marshal  Pratt  had  been  a  fore- 
man in  the  Walker  boot  shop,  and  after  the  defeat  of  the  admin- 
istration went  to  Wisconsin. 

Mayor  Charles  B.  Pratt  in  1877  gave  the  city  its  first  mounted 
policemen.  Numerous  complaints  of  thieving  on  the  outskirts 
resulted  in  the  experiment.  The  original  detail  included  George 
V.  Barker,  D.  A.  Matthews,  Albert  J.  Bonn  and  Napoleon  Oliver. 
Two  men  were  to  ride  the  first  and  two  the  last  half  of  the  night. 
It  was  the  coldest  night  of  the  winter  when  the  officers  started 
out.  Before  the  hour  for  reporting  back,  all  of  them  experienced 
trouble  with  the  harness,  and  the  horses  were  put  into  the  stable 


66  History  of  Police  Department, 

until  warmer  nights.  The  experiment  gave  satisfaction,  and  it 
was  carried  out  through  Mayor  Pratt's  three  years  of  office,  one 
year  nights  and  two  years  days.  A  carriage  for  the  transportation 
of  prisoners  was  purchased  in  1882,  and  the  mounted  police 
idea  given  up.  Others  who  rode  were  R.  M.  Colby,  Charles  H. 
Benchley,  George  J.  Chandley  and  David  Goggin.  While  riding 
in  the  vicinity  of  Fox  mill,  on  Green  street,  David  Goggin  was 
thrown  from  his  horse  and  had  his  leg  broken. 


PATRICK    O'DAY, 

Inspector  of   Police. 

The  assistant  marshals  from  1874  to  1880  were  E.  D.  McFar- 
land,  Henry  W.  Conklin,  Joseph  M.  Dyson,  John  W.  Hadley, 
Friewaldau  C.  Thayer  and  James  K.  Churchill ;  the  captains 
were  Patrick  E.  Ratigan,  Joseph  L.  Hall,  Amos  Atkinson,  John 
W.  Hadley  and  J.  K.  Churchill.  In  1875  City  Marshal  Wash- 
burn  inaugurated  the  system  of  three  reliefs.  It  had  been  the 
custom  prior  to  that  time  to  go  on  duty  at  9  o'clock  at  night  and 
go  off  at  4  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  growth  of  the  city  de- 
manded officers  on  duty  early  in  the  evening.  The  two  night- 
reliefs  had  practically  the  same  hours  of  duty  as  the  present  time 
— 6  to  i  o'clock,  and  I  to  7  o'clock — although  for  a  short  time 
the  late  relief  traveled  until  8  o'clock.  The  reliefs  were  not  alter- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  67 

nating,  but  in  1879,  as  tne  result  of  a  petition  circulated  among 
the  officers  by  Walter  N.  Drohan,  the  system  of  alternating 
beats  was  established.  Joseph  M.  Dyson  went  off  the  force 
March  12,  1878,  resigning  as  assistant  marshal,  and  John  W. 
Hadley  was  appointed  in  his  place.  In  his  annual  report  for 
1878,  City  Marshal  Washburn  recommended  a  system  of  graded 
salaries,  which  did  not  become  a  fact  until  nearly  twenty  years 
later.  D.  A.  Matthews  was  appointed  roundsman  by  Mayor 
Pratt  in  1879,  being  the  first  to  be  formally  appointed,  and  the 
pay  was  fixed  at  $2.75  a  night. 

In  1880  Col.  James  M.  Drennan  returned  to  the  department 
as  city  marshal  and  served  three  years,  when  W.  Ansel  Wash- 
burn  succeeded  him  and  remained  one  year.  During  1879  Mayor 
Pratt  issued  an  order  to  the  city  marshal  for  "further  investiga- 
tions of  the  sale  of  liquor,  and  to  prosecute  all  violations."  This 
resulted  in  nearly  300  raids. 

City  Marshal  Drennan  served  his  second  period  in  that  office 
during  the  administrations  of  Mayors  Frank  H.  Kelley  in  1880 
and  1881,  and  Elijah  B.  Stoddard  in  1882.  During  the  adminis- 
trations of  Mayors  Yerry,  Jillson,  Davis  and  Pratt,  many  of  the 
officers  now  on  the  force  received  their  appointments.  In  his 
annual  report  for  1880  City  Marshal  Drennan  referred  to  his  re- 
turn after  eight  years,  and  recommended  a  police  commission 
and  an  addition  to  the  force.  Officers  R.  M.  Colby  and  Patrick 
O'Day  were  detailed  for  detective  duty,  and  Jan.  7,  1884,  they 
were  appointed  detectives.  Feb.  i,  1886,  the  name  was  changed 
to  inspectors,  and  they  were  appointed  to  that  office,  the  pay  being 
fixed  at  $3.25  a  day.  In  1882  a  police-wagon  was  purchased 
for  the  department,  used  for  conveying  prisoners  and  for  ambu- 
lance service.  That  year  an  officer  was  sent  to  the  lake,  where 
a  temporary  police  station  was  leased.  March  7,  1881,  the  first 
order  was  introduced  in  the  City  Council  for  a  central  police-sta- 
tion. 

In  1883  Samuel  E.  Hildreth  was  mayor,  and  City  Marshal 
Drennan  was  replaced  by  W.  Ansel  Washburn.  What  was 
known  as  the  "Know-nothing"  element  entered  largely  into  that 
campaign,  and  Assistant  Marshals  F.  C.  Thayer  and  J.  K. 
Churchill  were  dropped.  The  members  of  the  Grand  Army  in- 
terested themselves,  and  Mayor  Hildreth  made  Mr.  Churchill 
captain  of  the  night-watch,  Xathan  Taylor  and  Amos  Atkinson 
being  appointed  assistant  marshals.  The  pay  of  the  marshal  was 


68  History  of  Police  Department, 

fixed    at    $1,800,    and    the    assistant    marshals    received    $1,300 
each. 

In  1883  Station  2,  on  Lamartine  street,  was  occupied,  Officer 
Charles  W.  Barker  being  appointed  sergeant  by  Mayor  Hildreth 
and  transferred  to  the  new  station  for  night-duty.    John  W.  Had- 
ley  was  appointed  on  the  force  in  February,  with  the  rank  of 
sergeant,  and  sent  to  Station  2.     The  station  was  opened  Feb. 
26,  and  dedicated  Feb.  28.   Mayor  Charles  G.  Reed  dropped  Ser- 
geants Barker  and  Hadley  the  following  year,  and  appointed  S. 
W.  Ranger  and  M.B.  Lamb.  In  1884  Mayor  Reed  appointed  Amos 
Atkinson  city  marshal,  F.  C.  Thayer  and  James  K.  Churchill  as- 
sistant marshals,  and  David  A.  Matthews  captain  of  night-police. 
In  1883  recommendations  were  made  that  the  Armory  on  Waldo 
street  be  utilized  as  a  central  police-station.  Sub-stations  were  also 
recommended  for  Prescott  street,  Grafton  street  and  Bloomingdale 
road  and  Lake  Ouinsigamond.     The  recommendation  was  also 
made  that  the  department  be  taken  out  of  politics,  the  suggestion 
of  Mayor  Reed  in   1885  being  "that  the  appointing  power  be 
taken  away  from  the  mayor  and  vested  in  a  civil-service  commis- 
sion."    In  City  Marshal  Atkinson's  report  for  1884  he  referred 
to  Worcester  as  the  only  city  obliging  its  policemen  to  light  and 
turn  out  the  gas-lights,  "an  old  custom  still  adhered  to,v   and 
recommended  a  graded  system  on  the  question  of  salaries.    The 
question  of  a  signal  system  had  been  agitated,  and  Mayor  Reed 
and  Marshal  Atkinson  made  a  personal  investigation  of  the  sub- 
ject, resulting  in  a  system  being  established  in  1887.     The  mar- 
shal's report  for  1884  showed  that  two  officers  had  been  detailed 
for  park  duty,  there  had  been  5,925  lodgers  cared  for,  and  De- 
tectives Colby  and  O'Day  had  recovered  stolen  property  of  the 
value  of  $3,527.     The  report  of  the  probation  officer,  the  first 
made,  showed  that   103  prisoners  were  taken  on  probation   in 
1884.  and  it  was  explained  that  "probation  was  the  suspension 
of  sentence  for  a  limited  time  to  give  the  offenders  opportunity 
to  reform  without  punishment." 

In  1885  tne  department  occupied  the  Armory  building  on 
Waldo  street,  its  present  quarters,  removal  being  made  Xov.  30. 
It  was  called  the  central  station,  and  gave  what  was  then  consid- 
ered ample  room  for  the  needs  of  the  department  for  many  years, 
but  within  a  decade  the  demand  was  made  for  more  room.  A 
section  of  the  building  was  devoted  to  general  offices,  there  were 
sleeping  quarters  for  twenty  men,  a  guard-room  and  two  cell- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  69 

rooms,  one  for  men  and  the  other  for  women.  The  department 
at  the  time  numbered  seventy-seven  men.  In  his  second  report 
Marshal  Atkinson  showed  the  valuation  of  police  property  to  be 
$18,398.90.  The  lodgers  numbered  7,215,  the  number  having 
more  than  doubled  in  two  years,  and  were  declared  a  nuisance  ia 
the  report.  James  A.  Herbert,  one  of  the  most  widely  known 
of  the  patrolmen,  died  March  2,  1885.  The  first  patrol-wagon 
was  purchased  by  City  Marshal  Atkinson  in  1885 ;  it  cost  $400, 
and  was  made  in  Amesbury.  There  was  no  barn  at  the  station, 
and  the  horses  were  kept  in  an  adjoining  stable.  When  an  alarm 
came  in  it  was  necessary  to  send  word  to  the  barn  and  have  the 
horse  brought  to  the  station,  a  slow  process,  but  a  decided  im- 
provement upon  walking  a  prisoner  in  from  Quinsigamond  or 
some  equally  distant  section  of  the  city. 

The  citizens'  ticket  administration  went  out  with  the  election 
of  Samuel  Winslow  mayor  in  the  fall  of  1885,  and  he  held  the 
office  during  1886,  1887,  1888  and  1889.  He  appointed  W.  Ansel 
Washburn  city  marshal  and  Amos  Atkinson  second  assistant  mar- 
shal, the  first  assistant  being  F.  C.  Thayer.  It  was  the  first  no- 
license  year,  and  the  police  had  a  busy  time.  The  salary  of  the 
city  marshal  was  dropped  from  $2,200  to  $2,000,  the  assistants 
each  receiving  $1,300,  and  the  captain  received  $1,200.  City  Mar- 
shal Washburn  held  the  office  until  1893,  being  succeeded  by 
Major  E.  T.  Raymond.  His  fourteen  years  at  the  head  of  the 
department,  during  a  period  of  twenty  years,  gave  him  oppor- 
tunity to  make  many  reforms  which  were  suggested  to  him  by 
the  growth  of  the  city,  and  some  reforms  in  the  department  to- 
day are  the  result  of  his  early  recommendations.  He  was  the 
foe  of  the  rum-men,  and  in  the  enforcement  was  honest  and 
conscientious.  He  had  traveled  as  patrolman,  knew  the  needs  of 
officers,  and  while  maintaining  strict  discipline  had  a  kindly  con- 
sideration for  an  officer  who  stepped  out  of  the  straight  and 
narrow  path.  In  his  report  for  1886  Marshal  Washburn  said 
the  department  had  grown  from  the  little  band  of  six  watchmen 
under  George  Jones  to  eighty  men.  The  arrests  for  the  year 
were  2,917,  a  smaller  number  than  in  1881,  when  it  was  3,022, 
and  the  arrests  for  drunkenness  numbered  1,680,  the  smallest  in 
many  years,  a  direct  result  of  no  license.  In  seven  months  of 
license  the  arrests  numbered  1,385,  while  during  a  corresponding 
seven  months  under  no  license  the  number  was  954.  During  the 


70  History  of  Police  Department, 

year  there  were  served  1,372  liquor  warrants,  resulting  in  the 
seizure  of  4,000  gallons  of  liquors  of  all  kinds. 

In  1887  Mayor  Winslow  added  several  officers  to  the  force, 
and  the  recommendation  was  made  that  it  be  increased  to  100 
men.  In  1888  Sumner  W.  Ranger  was  appointed  captain  of 
Station  2,  on  Lamartine  street,  having  been  in  charge  of  the  sta- 
tion days  with  the  rank  of  sergeant.  During  that  year  the  office 
of  police  matron  was  established  by  legislative  act :  Mrs.  Mary 
B.  Lane  was  appointed  matron  at  a  salary  of  $500  a  year.  David 
J.  Barr  was  appointed  permanent  driver  of  police-wagon,  a  jani- 
tor was  added  to  the  department  at  a  salary  of  $600  a  year,  and 
the  assistant  marshal's  salary  was  advanced  from  $1,300  to  $1,500. 
The  expenses  of  the  department  for  that  year  amounted  to  $102,- 
ooo,  the  first  year  in  its  history  it  had  reached  the  $100,000 
figure.  The  Brewer  &  Smith  signal-service  system  was  installed, 
and  under  its  first  two  months'  operation  227  prisoners  were 
brought  to  the  station  in  response  to  calls,  and  the  police-wagon 
ran  138  miles.  James  J.  McLane  died  Feb.  5,  and  Leonard  X. 
Thayer  July  25,  the  latter  having  been  a  member  of  the  depart- 
ment since  June  i  of  that  year. 

May  22,  1888,  under  Mayor  Samuel  Winslow,  the  city  accepted 
the  act  of  the  Legislature  making  the  force  permanent.  On  June 
4  an  order  was  passed  requesting  the  city  physician  to  make  an 
examination  of  members  of  the  force,  excepting  marshals  and 
assistants,  with  a  view  to  permanent  appointment.  The  report 
was  made  June  11,  when  Mayor  Winslow  dropped  the  entire 
force  of  patrolmen  and  reappointed  them  as  permanent  officers, 
under  the  provisions  of  the  civil-service  act.  Not  one  of  the 
patrolmen  was  dropped  as  a  result  of  the  examination.  This  was 
the  ending  of  what  had  been  during  the  latter  part  of  every  year 
scenes  of  confusion  and  disorder,  unmanning  nearly  the  entire 
force. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  71 

CHAPTER    V. 
AN  ERA  OF  PROGRESS. 

Central  Police  Station  Occupied  in  1885  and  Department  Furnished  with 
Patrol-Wagons — Signal  and  Telephone  System  Installed  and  Woman's 
Prison  Established — Force  Made  Permanent  by  Mayor  Samuel  Winslow 
in  1888 — Organization  of  Police  Relief  Association  and  Establishment  of 
Ambulance  Service. 

The  period  from  1880  to  1890  was  the  era  of  progress  in  the 
Police  Department.  It  began  with  the  purchase  of  a  wagon  for 
the  transportation  of  prisoners  by  City  Marshal  James  M.  Dren- 
nan  in  1882.  This  improvement  upon  the  custom  of  dragging 
prisoners  through  the  streets  a  mile  or  more  gave  the  officers 
such  ideas  of  ease  and  luxury  that  they  were  not  contented 
until  all  the  progressive  steps  suggested  had  been  carried  into 
effect.  The  action  of  City  Marshal  Drennan  was  followed  by  the 
purchase  by  City  Marshal  Amos  Atkinson  of  a  patrol-wagon  for 
general  use  in  arrests  and  conveyance  of  sick  and  injured  per- 
sons. In  1883  came  the  establishment  of  a  sub-station  on 
Lamartine  street  during  the  administrations  of  Mayor  Samuel  E. 
Hildreth.  It  had  a  civilizing  effect  upon  the  inhabitants  of  the 
"Island"  district,  and  proved  decidedly  beneficial  to  the  order  and 
discipline  of  the  department. 

In  1885  came  the  occupation  of  a  central  station  on  Waldo 
street,  followed  by  the  installation  of  a  police-signal  and  telephone 
system  in  1887.  This  was  followed  by  the  establishment  of  a  wom- 
an's prison  in  charge  of  a  matron.  The  organization  of  the  Worces- 
ter Police  Relief  Association  in  1887  was  followed  in  1888  by  the 
acceptance  by  the  city  of  the  civil-service  law,  making  the  force 
permanent. 

As  the  result  of  agitation  among  members  of  the  department, 
following  the  death  of  two  patrolmen  in  1886,  the  Worcester 
Police  Relief  Association  was  organized  March  2,  1887.  Assistant 
Marshal  F.  C.  Thayer,  associated  with  other  members  of  the  de- 
partment, investigated  the  organizations  in  other  cities  and  pro- 
cured copies  of  constitutions  and  by-laws  under  which  kindred 
organizations  were  working.  The  first  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Central  District  Court  room,  on  Waldo  street,  there  being  pres- 


72  History  of  Police  Department, 

ent  sixty-seven  members  of  the  department.  Assistant  Marshal 
Thayer  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and  outlined  the  purpose  of 
the  organization  to  afford  aid  and  relief  to  the  sick  members  of 
the  department,  and  to  provide  a  benefit  for  the  family  of  a  de- 
ceased member.  Patrick  O'Day  was  elected  chairman  and  Mr. 
Thayer  clerk.  The  committee  to  draw  up  by-laws  included  Of- 
ficers John  F.  Beahn,  William  Hickey,  J.  T.  Johnson,  Capt. 
David  A.  Matthews  and  Sergt.  Sumner  W.  Ranger.  To  this 


ARTHUR  F.  ROACH, 

Acting  Inspector  of  Police. 


committee  were  added  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  Assist- 
ant Marshal  F.  C.  Thayer  and  Inspector  Patrick  O'Day.  The 
meeting  was  adjourned  to  March  9,  when  the  constitution  and  by- 
laws were  adopted  and  officers  were  elected.  The  by-laws 
provided  for  the  payment  of  a  death-benefit  of  $300,  and  a 
sick-benefit  of  $i  a  day  for  not  more  than  180  days,  and  the 
annual  dues  were  fixed  at  $2.  The  membership-fee  was  fixed  at 
$5,  and  an  article  in  the  by-laws  provided  that  any  member  of 
the  association  leaving  the  force  could  still  retain  his  member- 
ship. The  meeting  was  adjourned  to  March  10  for  the  election 
of  officers.  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Washburn  was  elected  presi- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  73 

dent,  but  declined  to  accept.  The  following  were  the  first  officers 
of  the  association : 

President — Friewaldau  C.  Thayer. 

Vice-president — Matthew  J.  Walsh. 

Secretary — Patrick  O'Day. 

Treasurer — Amos  Atkinson. 

Directors — Sumner  W.  Ranger,  Michael  J.  Foley,  David  A. 
Matthews,  Nicholas  J.  Mooney  and  Addison  March. 

The  question  of  a  concert  and  ball  was  discussed  at  this  meet- 
ing, and  a  committee  to  consider  the  project  included  City  Mar- 
shal W.  Ansel  Washburn,  Sergt.  Sumner  W.  Ranger,  Capt. 
David  A.  Matthews  and  Officers  John  F.  Beahn,  James  T.  John- 
son, William  Hickey,  Addison  March,  Edward  C.  Fitzpatrick, 
George  V.  Barker  and  Thomas  Hurley.  The  first  quarterly 
meeting  of  the  association  was  held  April  6,  when  the  Ball  Com- 
mittee reported  it  inadvisable  to  hold  a  concert  and  ball  until 
winter,  and  the  committee  was  discharged.  A  Committee  on 
Entertainments  was  appointed  consisting  of  Capt.  David  A.  Mat- 
thews, Inspector  Patrick  O'Day  and  Officers  Charles  A.  Gar- 
land, William  Finneran  and  M.  J.  Foley.  It  was  voted  to  hold  a 
ball  in  Mechanics  Hall  Dec.  2,  1887.  The  committee  to  make 
arrangements  included  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  As- 
sistant Marshal  F.  C.  Thayer,  Assistant  Marshal  Amos  Atkin- 
son, Inspector  Patrick  O'Day,  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews,  Sergt. 
Sumner  W.  Ranger,  Officers  Thomas  Hurley,  Michael  J.  Foley, 
James  T.  Johnson,  William  Finneran,  Nicholas  J.  Mooney, 
George  V.  Barker,  Edward  S.  Crowell,  John  F.  Beahn,  William 
Hickey,  Simeon  M.  Bellows,  Romanzo  Thayer  and  Charles  A. 
Garland.  The  price  of  tickets  was  fixed  at  $1.50,  and  City  Mar- 
shal Washburn  was  selected  as  floor  director.  Later  in  the  meet- 
ing Sergt.  Matthew  J.  Walsh  and  Inspector  Reuben  M.  Colby 
were  added  to  the  General  Committee.  Drilling  for  it  took  place 
in  the  Rink  under  the  direction  of  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews,  and 
the  ball  was  a  social  and  financial  success,  the  drill  being  a  feature 
of  the  programme.  The  report  of  Treasurer  Amos  Atkinson 
relative  to  the  first  ball  of  the  association  shows  the  receipts  as 
follows:  Tickets  sold,  1,738;  receipts  from  sale  of  tickets, 
$2,608.25  ;  donations,  $223.05  ;  total  receipts,  $2,922.35 ;  expenses, 
$530.20;  net  receipts,  $2,392.15.  The  report  shows  that  there 
was  in  the  treasury  before  the  ball  $292.15,  and  the  total  cash  in 
the  treasury  Jan.  4,  1888,  when  the  first  annual  report  of  the 


74  History  of  Police  Department, 

treasurer  was  made,  was  $2,684.65.  The  donations  were  from  the 
following:  Stephen  Salisbury,  ex-Mayor  Samuel  E.  Hildreth, 
F.  B.  Knowles,  Sargent  Card  Clothing  Co.,  Charles  H.  Eastman, 
George  F.  Hewett,  William  J.  Hogg,  Prof.  L.  P.  Kinnictitt,  M. 
J.  Whittemore,  John  Bowler,  W.  H.  Chandler,  Albert  Curtis, 
\Yilliam  Bonney,  Mr.  Higgins,  J.  D.  E.  Jones,  Jeremiah  Murphy, 
W.  H.  Inman,  Charles  Crompton,  Mr.  Bigelow,  Col.  E.  J.  Rus- 
sell and  Mr.  Benchley.  The  first  annual  report  showed  a  balance 
in  the  treasury,  after  paying  sick-benefits  and  the  expenses  of  the 
association,  of  $2,740.81. 

At  the  second  annual  meeting  the  original  officers  were 
reflected,  and  the  president,  secretary  and  treasurer  were  in- 
structed to  take  necessary  steps  to  have  the  association  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  the  Commonwealth.  Application  was 
made  Oct.  20,  1888,  and  Jan.  23,  1889,  the  charter  was  granted 
by  H.  B.  Peirce,  secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  the  charter 
members  being  Assistant  Marshal  F.  C.  Thayer,  Inspector  Patrick 
O'Day,  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews,  Sergt.  Sumner  W.  Ranger, 
Assistant  Marshal  Amos  Atkinson,  and  Officers  Addison  March, 
Nicholas  J.  Mooney  and  Michael  J.  Foley. 

Oct.  31,  1888,  the  by-laws  were  amended  so  as  to  increase 
the  death-benefit  from  $300  to  $400,  and  the  annual  dues  and 
death-assessments  were  $2  each.  The  officers  were  called  a 
Board  of  Governors,  and  the  first  sick-benefit  was  paid  Officer 
Joseph  H.  Flint,  amounting  to  $4,  it  being  voted  him  at  a  meet- 
ing, of  the  board  in  January,  1889.  The  first  death  in  the  asso- 
ciation was  Officer  M.  J.  Hubbard,  and  his  widow  received  $400. 
The  first  year's  sick-benefits  amounted  to  $118.  On  May  i -. 
1889,  the  by-laws  were  amended  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  a 
sick-benefit  of  $1.25  a  day  not  exceeding  120  days;  that  is  the 
benefit  paid  at  the  present  time,  which  represented  for  many 
years  one-half  a  day's  pay. 

Assistant  Marshal  F.  C.  Thayer  held  the  office  of  president 
until  1892,  when  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews  of  Station  i  suc- 
ceeded him,  and  Capt.  Sumner  W.  Ranger  of  Station  2  was 
elected  vice-president,  the  offices  of  secretary  and  treasurer  being 
held  by  Patrick  O'Day  and  Assistant  Marshal  Amos  Atkinson 
respectively.  Capt.  Matthews  held  the  office  of  president  during 
1892,  1893,  1894  and  1895,  an(1  was  succeeded  by  Sergt.  Thomas 
McMurray  of  Station  i.  who  held  the  office  during  1896  and  1897. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Officer  Edward  C.  Fitzpatrick  of  Station  2, 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  75 

who  held  the  office  during  1898  and  1899,  and  his  successor  in 
1900  was  Lieut.  James  T.  Johnson  of  Station  i,  who  holds  the 
office  at  the  present  time.  The  vice-presidents  since  Captain 
Ranger  have  been  Sergt.  John  W.  Warren  of  Station  2,  two 
years;  Officer  Herbert  W.  Merrill  of  Station  i,  two  years;  and 
Sergt.  William  Hickey  of  Station  2.  elected  last  March,  who  is 
serving  with  President  James  T.  Johnson.  The  members  of  the 
department  who  have  served  on  the  Board  of  Directors  are 
Chief  of  Police  W.  J.  E.  Stone,  Sergts.  John  W.  Warren,  Thomas 
McMtirray,  Walter  N.  Drohan,  William  Hickey,  Acting  Inspect- 
or Arthur  F.  Roach,  Officers  Henry  B.  Streeter,  William  R. 
Ramsdell,  Thomas  Cummings,  Charles  W.  Barker,  Henry  H. 
Mecorney,  Oliver  Blake,  George  A.  McLeod,  James  J.  Tierney, 
J.  Clarence  Davis,  Silas  D.  Hemenway,  D.  E.  Clifford,  Thomas 
F.  Boyle,  John  O'Connor,  John  B.  McCarthy,  Edward  C.  Fitz- 
patrick,  John  Dunn,  Thomas  Hurley,  Fred  M.  Ames  and  David 
J.  Whelen. 

There  have  been  thirteen  annual  concerts  and  balls,  the  amount 
cleared  being  as  follows:  1887,  $2,392.15;  1888,  $2,399.84;  1889, 
$1,969.18;  1890,  $2,255.38;  1891,  $2,010.45;  1892,  $2,328.28; 

1893,  $1,734.26;  1894,  $i.975-65  :  1895-  $2492-25  ;  1896,  $2,470.46; 
1897,  $2,264.07;  1898,  $1,907.87;  1899,  $1,781.23.     The  sums  in 
the  treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  association  since   1890  are  as 
follows:     1891,  $9,567.01  ;     1892,  $11,277.08;     1893,  $13,507.84; 

1894,  $15,242.10;  1895,  $17,774.95;  1896,  $18,964.11;  1897,  $21,- 
742.65;     1898,  $24,656.82;     1899,  $27,383.95;     1900,  $28,945.20. 
Benefits  have  been  paid  on  account  of  the  deaths  of  Reuben  M. 
Colby,  Freeman  H.  Sampson,  Patrick  E.  Ratigan,  Thos.  C.  Cum- 
mings, James  S.  O'Connor,  Michael  J.  Healey,  Patrick  Diggins, 
Wm.  H.  Johnson, Marshall  S.Greene,  Bellville  R.  Hunter, Andrew 
J.  Benson,  Joseph  H.  Flint  and  Charles  A.  Garland.    The  death- 
benefit  has  been  three  times  increased.     It  was  raised  from  $300 
to  $500  by  an  increase  of  $100  at  a  time,  and  during  the  last 
year  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews  was  president,  his  recommenda- 
tion that  the  death-benefit  be  increased  to  $700  was  adopted.   The 
membership-fee  at  the  present  time  is  $20,  and  the  annual  dues 
and  death-assessments  $2  each.       There  has  been  paid  out  in 
death  and  sick  benefits  since  the  organization  of  the  institution 
between  $13,000  and  $14,000,  an  average  of  $1,000  a  year  dur- 
ing its  existence.     There  is  now  a  membership  of  132,  and  the 
income  from  dues  and  death-assessments  pays  nearly  one-half 


76  History  of  Police  Department, 

the  average  expenses  of  a  year  based  on  the  reports  for  the 
past  ten  years.  There  is  an  annual  income  from  the  invested  funds 
more  than  sufficient  to  pay  one  death-claim.  Within  the  past 
year  the  by-laws  have  been  changed  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  insurance  commissioner,  owing  to  changes  in  the  insur- 
ance laws  requiring  separate  death-benefit  and  sick-benefit  ac- 
counts, also  expense  accounts.  The  finances  of  the  association 
have  been  carefully  handled,  and  sickness  and  death  in  the  depart- 


HERBERT   J.    FISHER, 
Acting-  Inspector  of  Pawn-shops  and  Licenses. 

ment  can  be  cared  for  a  long  time  to  come.  There  is  no  more 
worthy  organization,  and  Worcester's  citizens  have  contributed 
to  it  liberally. 

When  the  police  signal  service  went  into  effect  Oct.  14,  1887, 
following  the  purchase  of  a  patrol-wagon  three  years  before,  the 
policeman  realized  his  burdens  had  been  lightened.  It  had  been 
a  custom  to  walk  prisoners  to  the  station  from  whatever  section 
the  arrest  was  made,  and  the  task  became  tedious  if  the  prisonei 
was  inclined  to  be  unruly,  and  the  distance  to  the  station  was 
as  far  as  the  limits  of  some  of  the  beats  of  to-day.  Prisoners 
have  an  idea  they  must  contest  every  foot  of  the  ground  with  a 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  77 

policeman  when  under  arrest,  and  the  crowd  that  looks  on  gen- 
erally sympathizes  with  the  under  dog  in  the  fight. 

For  several  years  recommendations  were  made  by  mayors 
and  city  marshals  for  a  signal  service,  the  difficult  duties  of  the 
policeman  being  set  forth  with  emphasis.  The  city  was  expand- 
ing in  every  direction,  and  policemen  who  were  sent  to  the 
lower  end  of  Shrewsbury  street,  New  Worcester  and  Quinsiga- 
mond  were  not  able  to  give  the  city  much  protection  if  obliged 
to  make  an  arrest  in  the  night,  and  walk  to  the  police  station 
with  a  fighting  prisoner.  Mayor  Samuel  Winslow,  City  Marshal 
W.  Ansel  Washburn  and  the  committee  from  the  City  Council, 
consisting  of  Aldermen  F.  A.  Harrington  and  L.  L.  Brigham, 
visited  several  cities  where  signal  systems  had  been  installed. 
It  was  decided  to  recommend  the  Brewer  &  Smith  visual  system, 
invented  by  Capt.  James  P.  Brewer  of  Station  i,  and  W.  C.  Smith, 
superintendent  of  the  fire-alarm  system,  both  of  New  Haven. 
The  City  Council  passed  the  order  for  the  service  June  20,  and  the 
contract  was  signed  Sept.  12.  It  was  a  ground-wire  system, 
meaning  that  one  wire  was  grounded  at  each  station.  Two 
boxes  were  on  a  circuit,  and  the  original  contract  called  for  thirty 
boxes.  The  cost  of  the  system  was  about  $4,000,  and  it  gave 
satisfaction  until  the  heavy  current  escaping  from  the  street-car 
rails  charged  the  telephone  wires  and  practically  made  them 
useless.  W.  C.  Smith  came  to  Worcester  to  superintend  the 
construction  of  the  system,  which  was  done  under  the  supervision 
of  Charles  M.  Mills,  then  superintendent  of  fire-alarm  telegraph. 
The  best  feature  about  the  system  was  the  red  light  that  could 
be  thrown  from  the  central  station.  This  light  could  be  seen  :i 
long  distance,  and  when  an  officer  was  wanted,  or  there  was  a 
message  to  deliver  an  officer  from  central  station,  the  globe  was 
thrown,  and  the  attention  of  the  officer  was  attracted  instantly 
if  he  happened  to  be  in  the  vicinity  of  the  box.  In  setting  up 
some  of  the  boxes  the  adjustment  was  not  perfect,  and  the  globe 
would  not  go  up.  When  the  defect  was  remedied,  the  system 
worked  well  for  nearly  ten  years.  The  first  boxes  were  centrally 
located,  and  in  1888  ten  boxes  were  added,  making  forty  boxes, 
which  was  the  number  in  use  when  the  new  system  was  installed 
in  1899.  The  most  distant  box  in  the  old  system  was  at  Lake 
Quinsigamond,  and  other  outside  boxes  were  at  North  and  Pres- 
cott  streets,  Webster  square,  Quinsigamond  wire  mill,  and  Agri- 
cultural and  Highland  streets.  There  were  two  stations  on  a 


78  History  of  Police  Department, 

circuit,  and  an  enormous  amount  of  wire  was  necessary.  Where 
two  boxes  were  put  on  a  circuit  in  the  first  system,  ten  are  put 
onto  the  circuit  under  the  Gamewell  system.  In  connection  with 
the  first  system  a  bell  was  attached  to  a  stable  on  Foster  street, 
where  the  horse  for  the  patrol-wagon  was  kept,  and  the  stable- 
man was  notified  immediately  after  the  call  came  in.  The  first 
message  sent  over  the  wires  was  from  the  box  corner  Main  and 
Oread  streets.  One  of  the  aldermen  who  was  on  the  committee 
to  select  the  system,  opened  the  box  and  ordered  his  dinner,  the 
message  being  received  at  the  Waldo  street  station.  The  second 
day  after  the  boxes  were  installed,  one  of  them  failed  to  work, 
but  the  adjustment  was  reset  and  there  was  little  trouble  after- 
ward. 

As  soon  as  trolley-cars  began  running  on  Main  street,  it  was 
necessary  to  put  in  resistance  boxes  to  neutralize  the  current. 
The  system  was  turned  over  to  the  Fire-alarm  Department  to 
care  for,  and  since  1890  has  been  in  charge  of  Supt.  W.  H. 
McClure.  For  six  years  the  system  was  in  fairly  good  condi- 
tion, but  for  five  years  it  had  given  poor  satisfaction.  The  visual 
feature  was  the  best  invented,  but  the  telephone  was  ruined  by 
street  railways.  To  work  the  visual  system  required  grounded 
wires,  and  these  were  useless  on  the  telephone  branch.  Elec- 
tricians said  it  was  impossible  to  have  a  visual  and  telephone 
system  in  one  box  under  the  present  conditions  of  wiring  and 
the  leakage  from  street-car  rails.  It  took  one  man  nearly  all 
the  time  to  care  for  it,  and  it  proved  expensive  after  a  few 
years.  The  cost  of  repairs  during  the  past  five  years  averaged 
$600  a  year,  and  electricians  condemned  it. 

Early  in  1899,  after  tne  fire-alarm  system  was  installed  by  the 
Gamewell  Fire  &  Police  Telegraph  Co.,  the  question  of  a  new 
police  signal  service  was  agitated.  The  Police  Committee,  con- 
sisting of  Aldermen  John  R.  Back,  Charles  A.  Vaughan,  and 
Councilmen  John  H.  Meagher.  George  C.  Hunt  and  Wesley  Mer- 
ritt,  together  with  Chief  of  Police  James  M.  Drennan,  visited 
several  cities  and  decided  upon  the  Gamewell  system.  Mayor 
Rufus  B.  Dodge,  Jr.,  contracted  with  the  Gamewell  Co.,  the 
price  being  $10,000.  It  is  a  metallic  circuit  central  station  sys- 
tem. There  are  forty-eight  boxes  in  use,  and  there  is  no  limit 
to  the  number  of  boxes  that  can  be  placed  on  one  circuit.  The 
territory  in  which  boxes  have  been  installed  has  not  expanded 
since  the  Brewer  &  Smith  system  was  put  in,  but  there  are 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  79 

eight  additional  boxes  in  the  more  thickly-settled  districts.  Ed- 
ward Rogers  of  the  Gamewell  Co.  superintended  setting  up  the 
new  system,  but  the  work  was  done  under  the  direction  of  W. 
H.  McClure  and  D.  E.  Healy  of  the  Fire-alarm  Department.' 
It  is  a  tape  system,  all  calls  being  registered  at  central  station 
on  a  tape,  by  telegraph  code.  In  the  box  are  telephone,  police- 
wagon,  ambulance  and  duty  calls,  the  tape  showing  the  box, 
officer  who  sent  it  in,  and  the  nature  of  the  call.  The  boxes 
are  arranged  about  the  city  at  the  junction  of  several  beats,  and 
there  are  many  hundred  calls  during  the  night.  Officers  are 
obliged  to  send  in  a  duty-call  every  hour,  and  the  tape  on  which 
they  come  in  is  kept  for  reference,  so  that  every  officer  in  the 
department  is  accounted  for  during  the  time  he  is  on  his  beat. 
Officer  M.  E.  Craffey  of  Station  i  had  charge  of  the  system 
when  it  was  installed,  but  in  the  interest  of  economy  it  was 
turned  over  to  the  care  of  the  superintendent  of  fire  alarm,  the 
change  making  a  saving  to  the  city  of  several  hundred  dollars 
a  year.  In  the  central  station  are  the  switch-boards,  clocks,  pole- 
changes  for  each  circuit,  relays  for  each  circuit  and  pen-register. 
The  charging-board  consists  of  volt  and  am  meters,  and  double 
pole-switches  to  connect  the  line  with  the  batteries.  This  sys- 
tem was  first  used  in  September,  1899,  and  gives  satisfaction. 

The  establishment  of  a  sub  police-station  at  the  corner  of 
Lamartine  and  Grosvenor  streets  in  1883  had  more  of  a  civiliz- 
ing effect  upon  the  unruly  element  of  the  sections  of  South 
Worcester,  Millbury  street,  the  "Island"  and  "Scalpingtown," 
the  name  given  the  territory  around  Gold  and  Assonet  streets, 
than  any  other  single  act  done  by  the  City  Council.  The  police 
had  experienced  considerable  trouble  in  these  sections,  and  for 
nearly  twenty  years  a  sub-station  had  been  recommended. 

The  building  which  is  now  occupied  as  Station  2  was  originally 
built  for  a  Fire  Department  house.  It  was  constructed  under 
the  direction  of  S.  E.  Combs,  chief  engineer  of  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment for  many  years,  and  proved  to  be  too  large  for  the  needs 
of  the  department.  It  is  a  three-story  brick  structure,  and  the 
only  piece  of  fire  apparatus  in  it  at  the  time  it  was  used  for  Fire 
Department  purposes  was  a  hose-reel.  The  expense  of  heating 
the  Lamartine  street  building  was  so  much  that  Chief  Engineer 
Combs  made  a  proposition  to  the  police  officials  that  if  the  de- 
partment would  build  him  a  smaller  house  on  the  adjoining  lot, 
his  department  would  give  up  the  engine-house  to  the  Police 


8o  History  of  Police  Department, 

Department.  This  was  done,  and  Feb.  26,  1883,  the  new  station 
was  formally  opened.  Mayor  Samuel  E.  Hildreth  made  three 
additions  to  the  force  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  new  station, 
and  Feb.  5  appointed  Martin  Doherty,  Nathan  A.  Simmons  and 
John  W.  Hadley.  An  order  was  passed  by  the  City  Council 
that  two  sergeants  be  appointed  for  the  new  station,  at  a  salary  of 
$1,000  each.  John  W.  Hadley  had  been  dropped  from  the  office 
of  assistant  city  marshal  by  Mayor  Kelley  in  1880,  and  was  not 


WILLIAM    L.    ROBINSON, 

Clerk  of   Police. 

again  a  member  of  the  force  until  1883,  when  his  appointment 
was  made  by  Mayor  Hildreth.  Feb.  26  a  detail  of  sixteen  men 
was  made  from  central  station  for  the  Lamartine  street  station, 
and  John  W.  Hadley  was  made  day-sergeant,  and  Charles  W. 
Barker  night-sergeant,  the  latter  being  appointed  Feb.  19.  They 
were  the  first  sergeants  created  by  the  City  Council.  The  six- 
teen patrolmen  who  were  transferred  to  the  new  station  were : 
W.  R.  Curtis,  Martin  Doherty,  Walter  N.  Drohan,  Daniel  Foley, 
Charles  Hanson,  Frank  J.  Howe,  James  Hunt,  Thomas  Killilea, 
John  Legasey,  J.  M.  Maloney,  Daniel  McCarthy,  John  O'Con- 
nor, Patrick  E.  Ratigan,  Freeman  H.  Sampson,  Nathan  A.  Sim- 
mons and  Nicholas  J.  Mooney. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  81 

The  new  station  was  dedicated  on  the  evening  of  Feb.  28  by 
Mayor  S.  E.  Hildreth  in  the  presence  of  members  of  both 
branches  of  the  City  Council,  with  eighty  invited  guests.  A  gen- 
eral inspection  of  the  building  was  made,  after  which  the  party 
went  to  the  drill-room  on  the  third  floor,  where  a  collation  was 
served.  Mayor  Hildreth  welcomed  the  party,  after  which  there 
was  general  speaking.  He  referred  to  the  action  of  the  City 
Council  in  establishing  a  branch  station  as  the  "opening  wedge 
which  would  secure  to  other  parts  of  the  city  similar  quarters, 
and  to  the  rest  of  the  department  a  station  and  facilities  suita- 
ble for  its  business." 

Mayor  Charles  G.  Reed  dropped  Sergts.  Hadley  and  Barker, 
together  with  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  and  Jan.  7, 
1884,  Sumner  W.  Ranger  and  Matthew  B.  Lamb  were  appointed 
sergeants,  the  former  in  charge  of  the  station  days  and  the  latter 
nights.  March  24  Sergt.  M.  B.  Lamb  resigned,  and  Matthew 
J.  Walsh  was  appointed  sergeant.  In  1899  the  building  was  re- 
modeled, the  lodging-room  being  abandoned.  The  force  at  the 
station  in  1900  is  composed  of  one  captain,  one  lieutenant,  two 
sergeants,  two  doormen,  four  day-patrolmen  and  twenty  night- 
patrolmen. 

In  1886  the  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union  of  Massa- 
chusetts inaugurated  a  movement  to  have  a  woman's  prison  and 
matron  connected  with  the  police  departments  in  cities  of  over 
30,000  inhabitants.  This  agitation  resulted  in  an  act  being  passed 
by  the  Legislature  in  1887,  and  the  Worcester  department  car- 
ried it  into  effect  at  once.  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Lane,  who  had  the 
endorsement  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  of 
Worcester,  was  appointed  matron  May  31,  1887,  by  Mayor  Sam- 
uel Winslow,  and  began  her  duties  July  i.  She  did  not  make  the 
Waldo  street  station  her  home,  as  there  were  few  women  arrested 
in  the  early  months  of  her  appointment.  During  her  connection 
with  the  department  from  July  i,  1887,  to  April  i,  1892,  she  cared 
for  1,400  women  prisoners,  an  average  of  about  275  a  year.  She 
was  adapted  to  the  care  of  unfortunate  women,  and  when  she  re- 
signed April  i,  1892,  the  department  realized  it  had  experienced 
a  loss  it  would  be  difficult  to  fill.  The  work  was  hard  for  her, 
and  she  resigned  to  accept  a  similar  position  in  the  Massachu- 
setts reformatory  at  Concord.  The  office  of  police  matron  had 
been  established  from  a  humanitarian  point  of  view,  and  it  was 
with  many  misgivings  that  Mrs.  Lane  undertook  to  bring  the 


82  History  of  Police  Department, 

influence  of  Christian  womanhood  to  bear  on  the  darkest  sub 
of  woman's  life.  She  had  to  deal  with  the  depraved  and  the  de- 
graded, and  many  of  the  unfortunate  characters  in  Worcester 
came  under  her  care.  The  influence  wielded  at  this  time  is  im- 
portant, and,  generally  speaking,  the  influence  brought  to  bear 
upon  these  people  had  good  results.  When  Mrs.  Lane  first 
became  connected  with  the  department,  women  prisoners  were 
in  the  same  cell-room  with  men.  Through  her  efforts  the  present 
quarters  on  the  second  floor  were  obtained  in  1888. 

Dora  H.  Cook,  employed  in  the  Westboro  Insane  Asylum  as 
a  nurse,  succeeded  Mrs.  Lane,  and  held  the  office  until  Jan.  i, 
1897,  when  she  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Deborah 
B.  Sawtelle,  for  eleven  years  matron  at  the  Summer  street  jail. 
Mrs.  Sawtelle  was  appointed  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R.  Sprague.  The 
salary  of  the  office  has  been  raised  from  $500  under  Mrs.  Lane 
to  $700,  the  latter  raise  having  been  made  on  petition  of  Mi:-;-; 
Cook  during  her  administration  of  the  woman's  prison.  The 
matron  makes  her  home  at  police  headquarters,  having  three 
furnished  rooms,  and  the  department  has  been  successfully  man- 
aged. 

May  22,  1888,  the  City  Council  accepted  the  act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture for  the  tenure  of  the  members  of  the  police  force  of  the  city 
of  Worcester.  The  subject  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
City  Council  in  1887  on  petition  of  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Wash- 
burn,  P.  L.  Moen  and  others.  It  had  been  recommended  by 
Mayor  Samuel  Winslow,  and  the  chiefs  of  police  for  twenty-five 
years  had  suggested  in  annual  reports,  to  take  the  police  out  of 
politics.  Mayor  Charles  B.  Pratt  in  1877  recommended  a  perma- 
nent police  force,  and  it  was  in  his  administration  that  the  fewest 
changes  were  made.  In  1875  tne  force  began  increasing  yearly, 
and  Mayor  Pratt  dropped  a  few  members  of  the  department 
when  he  came  into  office.  His  custom  was  followed  during  the 
administrations  of  mayors  who  succeeded  him,  and  Mayor  \Vins- 
low  in  his  inaugural  strongly  favored  a  permanent  force.  The 
petition  was  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Aldermen 
Crane  and  Porter  and  Councilmen  Aldrich,  Luby  and  Wood- 
ward. The  report  was  favorable,  and  the  city  accepted  the  law. 
An  order  directing  the  mayor  to  petition  the  Legislature  to  make 
the  Worcester  police  force  permanent,  introduced  in  the  City 
Council  Jan.  26,  1880,  during  Mayor  Kelley's  administration, 
had  been  rejected. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  83 

Placing  the  Police  Department  upon  the  permanent  basis  made 
it  necessary  for  every  applicant,  unless  a  veteran  of  the  Civil 
War,  to  take  the  civil-service  examination.  The  general  law 
went  into  effect  in  1884,  and  members  of  the  Worcester  force 
who  were  appointed  after  that  year  were  required  to  take  an 
examination.  An  amendment  to  the  law  was  passed  which  pro- 
vided that  "veterans  may  apply  for  appointment  to  or  for  employ- 
ment in  any  position  in  the  public  service  without  examination. 
In  such  application  such  veteran  shall  under  his  oath  state  such 
facts  as  may  be  required  by  the  civil-service  rules."  In  the  force 
at  the  present  time  there  are  thirty-four  veterans  of  the  Civil  War 
and  one  veteran  of  the  Spanish-American  War. 

Veterans  of  the  Civil  War  who  are  under  fifty-five  years  of  age 
are  few  in  Worcester.  There  are  no  names  on  the  veteran  civil- 
service  list  whose  ages  are  under  fifty-five,  and  the  last  appoint- 
ment from  this  list  was  made  by  Mayor  Rufus  B.  Dodge,  Jr., 
May  28,  1900,  of  John  H.  Walker,  whose  age  was  fifty-one  years. 
Any  veteran  has  the  right  to  have  his  name  added  to  the  list  by 
application  to  the  Civil-service  Commissioners. 

To  be  placed  on  the  civil-service  list  requires  a  lengthy  ex- 
amination. It  is  competitive,  and  one  is  usually  held  every  year, 
taking  place  at  City  Hall.  The  largest  number  examined  at 
one  time  was  seventy,  and  the  lowest  forty-two.  Questions  are 
asked  in  various  studies,  including  simple  questions  in  criminal 
law,  and  every  applicant  is  required  to  write  a  letter  to  the  mayor 
as  a  specimen  of  his  handwriting  and  composition.  The  exam- 
iners in  Worcester  are  James  Early,  one  of  the  original  mem- 
bers of  the  board ;  Frank  B.  Hall,  secretary,  who  has  served  since 
May  5,  1892;  and  John  P.  Munroe,  who  has  served  since  July, 
1898.  The  first  secretary  of  the  board  was  Frederick  W.  South- 
wick,  and  the  other  original  member  was  George  H.  Mellen,  now 
a  resident  of  Boston. 

Whenever  there  is  an  addition  to  be  made  to  the  police  force, 
the  mayor  must  make  a  requisition  upon  the  civil-service  ex- 
aminers for  several  names.  For  one  vacancy  three  names  shall 
be  certified ;  for  two  vacancies,  four  names ;  for  three  vacancies, 
five  names ;  then  for  each  multiple  of  three  vacancies  the  same 
multiple  of  five  names.  Before  an  applicant  can  get  on  the  list, 
he  must  pass  a  physical  examination.  Last  year  the  Board  of 
Aldermen  accepted  the  strength-test,  which  is  conducted  by  Dr. 
Augustus  H.  Brown  of  New  York,  and  takes  place  at  the  Young 


84  History  of  Police  Deportment, 

Men's  Christian  Association  gymnasium.    This  test  has  proved  a 
stumbling-block  to  many  bright  applicants  who  have  passed  the 

mental  test. 

The  ambulance  service,  now  centred  at  the  Waldo  street  po- 
lice-station, is  one  of  the  important  branches  of  the  service,  and 
added  an  annual  expense  of  several  thousand  dollars.  When  the 
police-station  was  under  the  old  City  Hall,  on  Front  and  Main 
streets,  one  small  room  was  used  for  the  care  of  sick  and  injured 


DAVID    A.    MATTHEWS, 

Captain. 

persons.  It  was  the  custom  to  call  the  city  physician,  and  as 
soon  as  possible  take  the  patient  either  to  his  home  or  the  City 
Hospital.  In  1882  the  first  wagon  was  purchased  by  the  de- 
partment. It  was  a  covered  arrangement,  and  was  known  as  the 
"Black  Maria,"  being  used  for  transportation  of  prisoners  from 
the  police-station  to  the  jail.  In  1885,  during  the  administration 
of  City  Marshal  Amos  Atkinson,  a  wagon  was  purchased  in 
Amesbury  at  an  expense  of  $400,  and  this  was  fitted  as  a  patrol- 
wagon  and  emergency  ambulance.  Upward  of  ten  years  ago 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  85 

the  first  regulation  ambulance  was  bought.  City  Physician  L. 
F.  Woodward  gave  lectures  at  the  police-station  soon  after  it 
went  into  service,  on  emergency  work,  and  the  drivers  and  of- 
ficers received  information  relative  to  the  care  of  a  person  severe- 
ly injured.  The  police  at  first  carried  sick  and  accident  cases 
to  the  hospitals,  but  during  Major  E.  T.  Raymond's  administra- 
tion as  chief  of  police,  he  refused  to  convey  sick  persons,  and  the 
ambulance  was  placed  under  the  supervision  of  the  trustees  of 
the  City  Hospital.  The  Police  Department  purchased  a  new 
emergency  ambulance,  after  the  pattern  of  those  used  at  the 
Boston  hospitals.  For  several  years  there  was  correspondence 
between  the  hospital  and  police  authorities  relative  to  having 
the  entire  ambulance  service  under  the  full  charge  of  either  one 
department  or  the  other.  Conferences  were  held  between  the 
police  officials,  Mayor  Dodge  and  hospital  trustees,  and  in  1899 
the  ambulance  service  was  placed  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Police  Department.  The  Waldo  street  engine-house  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  police,  and  is  used  as  a  stable.  There  are  two 
ambulances,  two  drivers  for  ambulance-work,  and  a  surgeon  who 
goes  on  every  call,  his  headquarters  being  in  the  building. 

The  appointment  of  an  ambulance  surgeon  is  the  direct  re- 
sult of  the  work  of  the  Brotherhoods  of  Railroad  Trainmen  and 
Locomotive  Engineers.  It  was  claimed  that  accident  victims  in 
the  railroad  yards  could  not  be  properly  handled  without  the 
presence  of  a  surgeon.  Petitions  were  sent  to  Mayor  Dodge, 
and  in  1899  he  appointed  Dr.  Francis  Shaw,  who  is  the  surgeon 
at  the  present  time. 


86  Histcry  of  Police  Department, 


CHAPTER    VI. 
HALF  CENTURY  OF  MURDERS. 

Hanging  of  Silas  and  Charles  T.  James  for  Killing  Joseph  G.  Clark— Arrest 
of  John  Murphy  in  May  Street  Road-House—Pardon  of  Thomas  Callahan 
—Arrest  of  Dwight  F.  Stesre— Accidental  Shooting  of  Henry  T.  Weikle 
by  Officer  Lowe'l— Lilla  Hoyle  Mystery— Tainter  and  William  Streets 
Tragedies. 

After  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  Worcester's  population  in- 
creased rapidly.  It  nearly  doubled  in  the  ten  years  from  1860 
to  1870.  In  1860  there  were  twelve  policemen,  this  number  being 
increased  to  sixteen  in  1865.  As  the  population  grew  and  the 
city  expanded,  it  was  found  necessary  to  enlarge  the  police  force 
to  meet  the  demands  of  the  growing  city.  From  a  force  of  six- 
teen men  under  City  Marshal  C.  B.  Pratt  in  1865,  it  was  in- 
creased to  thirty  men  under  City  Marshal  James  M.  Drennan  in 
1870. 

The  period  from  1865  to  1875  is  generally  considered  the  dec- 
ade of  greatest  lawlessness  since  the  department  began.  It  was 
the  period  when  the  gamblers  realized  their  days  in  Worcester 
were  drawing  to  a  close.  Col.  James  M.  Drennan  inaugurated  a 
crusade  against  them  that  practically  drove  them  out  of  the  city. 
The  road-houses  and  gambling-houses  were  familiar  resorts. 
Dan  and  Eunice  Green  ran  the  "brick  house"  on  Bloomingdale 
road  after  Green  left  the  "Five  Points,"  and  his  arrest  Sept.  13, 
1851,  for  the  murder  of  James  Callahan;  Jack  Shepherd's  place 
on  May  street  had  a  wide  reputation ;  the  Five  Points  cottage, 
near  the  Summit,  was  run  by  Beeman  Webber,  after  Green  left 
it ;  Jack  Quimby  ran  the  Tatnuck  cottage,  which  was  a  short 
distance  west  of  the  present  location  of  Newton  square ;  the 
Half- Way  house,  between  Worcester  and  Millbury,  was  run  by 
Mrs.  Sugee,  who  left  Worcester  suddenly  after  Jim  Crockett  was 
murdered  in  1866; — these,  with  the  "Farm,"  below  Rice  square, 
and  the  "White  House"  on  Belmont  street,  were  the  famous 
road-houses  of  that  time. 

Joseph  G.  Clark,  John  Langley  and  Bill  Eager  were  the  most 
notorious  gamblers.  Langley  had  a  room  where'  the  Walker 
Ice  Co.  now  has  its  office  on  Exchange  street.  Eager  ran  a  wide 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  87 

open  game  in  the  building  west  of  Langley's,  now  occupied  by 
D.  W.  Meagher  &  Co.,  and  Joseph  Clark  had  rooms  in  Union 
block,  on  Alain  street.  Yank  Sullivan's  place  was  at  419  Alain 
street  and  Aaron  Lord's  rooms  were  at  464  Main. street.  Other 
places  were  10  Pearl  street,  Stockwell's  block,  16  Alechanic 
street,  the  block  corner  Alechanic  and  Norwich  streets,  the  Gould- 
ing  block  at  300  Alain  street,  398  Alain  street,  and  at  Franklin 
square.  During  City  Alarshal  Drennan's  administration  occurred 
the  Joseph  G.  Clark  murder  and  the  Grafton  Bank  robbery,  the 
most  famous  cases  in  the  police  history  of  Worcester.  Marshal 
Drennan  brought  Silas  and  Charles  James  to  the  gallows  for  the 
murder  of  Clark,  and  rounded  up  the  Grafton  Bank  robbers, 
sending  two  of  them  to  state  prison.  The  jealousy  of  a  woman 
resulted  in  the  discovery  of  the  murderers  of  Clark,  and  for  re- 
venge a  woman  gave  the  police  information  that  brought  about 
the  arrest  of  the  bank  robbers.  The  James  boys  were  the  only 
persons  hanged  for  a  murder  committed  in  Worcester. 

Joseph  G.  Clark  was  a  professional  gambler,  and  came  to 
Worcester  from  Providence  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War.  He 
occupied  rooms  in  the  third  story  of  the  fourth-story  building 
which  stood  on  the  east  side  of  Alain  street,  south  of  and  ad- 
joining the  Alechanics  Hall  building.  It  was  known  as  Union 
block,  owned  by  Lewis  Barnard,  who  had  made  preparations  to 
vacate  its  use  by  tenants  of  an  objectionable  character.  Silas 
James,  familiarly  known  in  Providence  and  Worcester  as  "Gen- 
eral," and  Charles  T.  James,  the  former  thirty-one  years  old,  and 
the  latter  twenty-two,  were  cousins,  and  belonged  in  Green- 
wich, R.  I.  They  came  to  Worcester  on  the  morning  train  from 
Providence  Feb.  25,  1868.  Charles  had  been  in  Worcester  before 
that  time.  They  boarded  during  their  stay  at  the  Waldo  House 
on  Waldo  street,  and  visited  saloons  and  gambling-rooms  in  the 
city.  There  were  many  gambling-places  at  that  time,  and  among 
Clark's  associates  was  John  Langley,  who  had  been  selected  as 
a  victim  by  the  James  boys.  George  R.  Wesson,  now  living 
on  Grafton  street  in  what  was  known  in  the  earlier  days  as 
Wesson's  tavern,  knew  Clark,  and  also  had  an  acquaintance  with 
Charles  and  Silas  James.  He  gave  Clark  a  warning  that  they 
were  in  Worcester  to  rob  someone,  but  Clark  had  received  so 
many  warnings  concerning  visiting  gamblers  that  he  took  no  no- 
tice of  it  . 


88 


History  of  Police  Department, 


On  the  evening  of  Feb.  28  George  H.  Ward  Post,  G.  A.  R., 
gave  its  first  ball  in  Mechanics  Hall,  and  there  was  an  unusual 
number  of  persons  on  the  streets.  An  alarm  of  fire  was  given 
from  Union  block  in  the  course  of  the  evening,  and  it  was  dis- 
covered Clark  had  been  murdered  in  one  of  his  rooms  by  blows 
given  by  a  hatchet  upon  his  head,  and  that  his  death  had  been 
made  certain  by  the  violent  twisting  of  a  hempen  cord  around 
his  neck.  The  body  had  then  been  moved  to  an  adjoining  room, 


JAMES    T.    JOHNSON, 
Lieutenant. 

where  it  was  placed  upon  a  bed,  kerosene  oil  sprinkled  upon  it, 
a  lighted  match  applied,  burning  the  clothing  and  filling  the 
room  with  smoke. 

The  murder  was  discovered  by  Emma  F.  Thayer,  formerly 
Mrs.  Eaton,  whose  home  was  at  the  corner  of  Summer  and 
Charles  streets,  and  she  had  lived  with  Clark  for  two  years.  She 
was  a  native  of  Charlton,  had  been  married,  but  was  separated 
from  her  husband,  and  at  the  time  of  the  murder  had  been  hold- 
ing a  relation  to  Clark  that  was  by  no  means  equivocal  in  its 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  89 

character.  Although  she  claimed  to  make  her  home  with  her 
mother,  Clark  furnished  the  provisions,  and  they  lived  separately 
from  the  rest  of  the  family,  part  of  the  time  in  the  house  and  part 
of  the  time  in  the  block. 

On  the  night  of  the  murder  Mrs.  Eaton  went  to  Clark's  rooms 
at  an  early  hour,  and  made  several  ineffective  attempts  to  gain 
admission.  She  seated  herself  upon  the  stairs  leading  to  the 
floor  above,  occasionally  knocking  at  the  door.  She  was  jealous, 
and  her  thought  was  that  Clark  had  company  that  he  did  not 
want  her  to  know  about.  She  left  the  building,  but  quickly  re- 
turned and  made  another  attempt  to  get  into  the  rooms.  She 
seated  herself  upon  the  stairs  leading  to  the  upper  story,  and 
had  been  there  but  a  short  time  when  two  men  came  out  of  the 
room  with  their  heads  covered  and  walked  rapidly  away.  From 
their  dress  she  recognized  them  as  Charles  and  Silas  James. 
After  they  went  away  she  made  another  attempt  to  get  into  the 
rooms,  and  in  her  excitement  broke  a  glass  in  the  sash  of  the 
door.  It  was  then  she  discovered  the  fire  and  gave  an  alarm. 
Officers  Sumner  W.  Ranger  and  Louis  Harper  were  playing 
"muggins"  in  the  police-station,  and  were  at  once  sent  to  the 
scene  of  the  murder.  Officer  Ranger  was  the  first  in  the  room. 
Clark's  head  had  been  split  open  with  a  hatchet.  Around  his 
neck  was  the  rope,  with  a  piece  of  paper  twisted  in  it  as  a  tourni- 
quet. He  had  been  struck  with  the  hatchet  while  sitting  in  front 
of  a  stove.  He  was  carried  to  the  bed  by  the  murderers,  and  a 
kerosene  lamp  was  broken  over  his  head,  the  bed  being  then  set 
afire.  City  Marshal  James  M.  Drennan  was  in  Mechanics  Hall, 
and  as  soon  as  he  reached  the  block  he  detailed  Officers  Ranger 
and  Harper  to  go  directly  to  the  western  depot.  Mrs.  Eaton 
had  told  the  officers  her  story,  and  the  vigilant  police  set  out  upon 
the  tracks  of  the  murderers.  Silas  James  was  found  at  the  west- 
ern depot  with  two  tickets  to  New  York  in  his  possession,  and 
was  taken  into  custody.  James  made  no  resistance,  but  emphat- 
ically denied  any  connection  with  the  murder.  It  was  10  o'clock 
when  the  arrest  was  made,  three  hours  after  the  murder,  and 
Silas  was  waiting  for  a  train  for  New  York.  Charles  James 
walked  clown  the  tracks  of  the  railroad  to  Westboro,  where  he 
hired  a  man  to  drive  him  to  Woonsocket.  He  was  arrested  in 
Providence  the  following  clay  by  Officer  William  A.  Carroll  of  the 
Providence  police  force.  The  gold  watch,  a  diamond  ring  and 
$1,000  in  money  stolen  from  Clark's  room  were  found  in  Charles 


90  History  of  Police  Department, 

James'  possession.  Deputy  Sheriff  Charles  X.  Hair  accompanied 
Officers  Ranger  and  W.  H.  Clark  to  Providence.  On  the  way 
back  to  Worcester  James  confessed  to  Officer  Ranger  the  mur- 
der. He  said  Silas  James  persuaded  him  to  come  to  Worcester, 
telling  him  Clark  had  a  large  sum  of  money.  The  murder  was 
committed  between  6  and  7  o'clock.  Charles  admitted  striking 
Clark  with  the  axe  as  he  was  sitting  in  front  of  the  stove,  and 
the  "General"  put  the  rope  around  his  neck  to  stop  his  groaning. 
"General"  robbed  the  body  and  Charles  took  away  the  axe,  which 
had  been  bought  at  the  store  now  known  as  Duncan  &  Goodell's, 
on  Main  street.  Charles  James  told  Ranger  the  spot  in  the 
canal  where  he  threw  the  axe  on  the  way  to  the  depot.  The  fol- 
lowing morning  Officer  Ranger  raked  the  canal  under  the  via- 
duct on  Front  street,  and  after  a  short  search  found  the  axe 
within  a  few  feet  of  where  James  said  he  threw  it. 

The  coroner's  jury  that  heard  the  evidence  in  the  case  con- 
sisted of  R.  M.  Gould,  foreman ;  Jerome  Marble,  George  R. 
Spurr,  D.  W.  Knowlton,  Charles  Sibley  and  William  A.  Gould. 
This  jury  found  that  Clark  came  to  his  death  from  a  blow  with  a 
hatchet  struck  by  Silas  or  Charles  James.  The  court  for  the  trial 
of  Charles  and  Silas  James  consisted  of  Chief  Justice  Reuben  A. 
Chapman  and  Associate  Justices  Dwight  Foster,  James  D.  Colt 
and  John  Wells.  The  prosecuting  officers  were  Attorney  Gen- 
eral Charles  Allen,  assisted  by  District  Attorney  Hartley  Wil- 
liams. George  F.  Verry  and  Samuel  Utley  were  counsel  for 
Silas  James,  and  P.  Emory  Aldrich  and  L.  W.  Southwick  were 
counsel  for  Charles  T.  James.  Silas  James  was  so  mad  with  his 
cousin  Charles  for  the  confession  he  made  that  he  never  spoke 
to  him  after  the  arrest.  They  were  led  to  the  gallows  together, 
and  the  cousins  did  not  exchange  a  word  or  look.  The  jury 
that  tried  the  two  men  was  famous  for  the  reason  that  upon  its 
verdict  the  only  persons  ever  hanged  for  a  crime  committed  in 
Worcester  were  sent  to  the  gallows.  It  consisted  of  Francis  A. 
Merriam  of  Phillipston,  foreman  ;  Albert  Lee,  Clinton  ;  George  H. 
Mansfield,  Grafton ;  John  Q.  Maynard,  Berlin ;  Samuel  Page, 
Winchendon ;  Hiram  C.  Reed,  Shrewsbury ;  Charles  C.  Richard- 
son, Dana ;  John  F.  Thurston,  Lancaster ;  Lorenzo  West,  Peters- 
ham; Samuel  L.  White,  Leominster;  Joseph  Baldwin,  Fitch- 
burg,  and  George  W.  Oaks,  Brookfielcl. 

The  prisoners  were  arraigned  in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court 
May  18,  1868,  and  both  pleaded  "not  guilty."  George  F. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  91 

Verry  made  a  motion  for  a  separate  trial  for  his  client,  on  the 
ground  that  an  alleged  confession  had  been  made  by  one  of  the 
defendants,  which  prejudiced  the  case  of  his  client.  The  motion 
was  denied,  and  the  two  defendants  were  tried  together  June  10. 
A  woman  in  black  was  a  prominent  figure  at  the  trial,  who  proved 
to  be  the  widow  of  Joseph  G.  Clark.  Clark's  son  was  a  witness 
at  the  trial.  Among  other  witnesses  were  Dr.  J.  Marcus  Rice, 
medical  examiner ;  Emma  F.  Thayer,  also  known  as  Mrs.  Eaton, 
with  whom  Clark  had  lived ;  John  Langley,  known  among  the 
gambling  profession,  and  an  acquaintance  of  Clark  for  twelve 
years ;  W.  L.  Chase,  the  first  person  in  the  room  of  the  murder 
after  the  entrance  of  the  policemen ;  Rolla  N.  Start  of  the  Waldo 
House,  who  testified  to  knowing  the  Jameses  as  boarders ;  Lewis 
Barnard,  owner  of  the  Union  block ;  Officers  Louis  Harper  and 
Sumner  W.  Ranger;  Samuel  Stratton,  who  testified  to  the  pur- 
chase of  the  axe  which  was  used  to  do  the  murder;  and  City 
Marshal  James  M.  Drennan.  The  jury  was  out  but  a  short 
time,  bringing  in  a  verdict  of  guilty,  and  the  defendants  were 
sentenced  to  be  hanged.  An  attempt  was  made  to  have  the  sen- 
tences commuted  to  imprisonment  for  life,  but  this  appeal  was 
without  avail. 

The  hanging  of  Silas  and  Charles  T.  James  took  place  in  the 
Summer  street  jail  Friday,  Sept.  25,  1868.  The  gallows  was  the 
same  that  was  used  in  hanging  Dr.  Webster  for  the  murder  of 
Prof.  Parkman  of  Harvard  College  in  1850.  It  was  a  gloomy 
day,  the  rain  falling  in  torrents.  It  was  the  intention  to  have  the 
hanging  in  the  corridor,  but  it  was  necessary  to  change  these 
plans,  and  the  execution  took  place  in  the  chapel  of  the  jail. 
This  announcement  created  discussion,  there  being  a  protest  from 
the  ministers  of  the  city.  The  prisoners  were  attended  in  their 
There  were  not  many  witnesses  to  the  hanging.  Before 
last  hours  by  Rev.  R.  R.  Shippen,  of  Church  of  the  Unity, 
his  death  Charles  James  received  the  ordinance  of  baptism  from 
Rev.  Dr.  William  R.  Huntington  of  All  Saints'  Church. 

At  10.27  o'clock  the  prisoners  were  brought  from  their  cells 
to  the  gallows,  accompanied  by  Deputy  Sheriffs  Sibley  and  New- 
ton of  Worcester,  Bullock  of  Fitchburg  and  Hall  of  Grafton,  and 
Rev.  R.  R.  Shippen.  The  official  witnesses  were  Hon.  Edward 
Mellen  of  Worcester,  X.  H.  Davis  of  Webster,  Hon.  E.  B.  Stod- 
dard  of  Worcester,  F.  P.  Goulding  of  Worcester,  Dr.  James 
Green  of  Worcester,  Hon.  Velorus  Taft  of  Upton,  City  Marshal 


92  History  of  Police  Department, 

James  M.  Drennan  of  Worcester,  Assistant  Marshals  Emory  Wil- 
son and  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  Lyman  Brooks,  Dr.  Rufus  Wood- 
ward of  Worcester,  and  C.  W.  Whitcomb  of  Barre.  The  death- 
warrant  was  read  by  John  A.  Dana,  clerk  of  courts,  and  the 
sheriff  was  John  S.  C.  Knowlton.  When  the  gallows  was  reached, 
Silas  James  said  he  had  nothing  to  say  except  to  thank  the 
officers  for  their  kind  and  gentlemanly  treatment,  and  as  the  rope 
was  adjusted  about  his  neck,  said:  "Pull  that  rope  tight,  and 


THOMAS    McMURRAY, 

Sergeant. 


give  me  all  the  drop  you  can."  He  did  not  appear  in  the  least  ner- 
vous, and  faced  death  calmly.  He  did  not  look  at  his  cousin 
Charles,  who  was  nervous,  and  evidently  feared  the  last  act. 
Charles  James  made  a  long  address  to  the  people.  Sheriff  Knowl- 
ton sprung  the  drop  at  10.31  o'clock,  and  Silas  James  was  in- 
stantly killed,  but  Charles  James  was  slowly  strangled  to  death. 
After  the  bodies  had  been  hanging  twenty-one  minutes,  Drs. 
Rufus  Woodward  of  Worcester,  W.  E.  Dyer  of  Philadelphia, 
and  C.  W.  Whitcomb  of  Barre  examined  the  bodies.  They  were 
taken  to  West  Greenwich,  R.  I.,  for  burial. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  93 

A  crime  equally  as  brutal  as  Clark's  murder  was  the  killing  of 
John  Bullard  in  Shrewsbury  by  John  Murphy  Oct.  2;  1876.  Bui- 
lard  lived  with  his  brother  Charles  in  Shrewsbury  lower  village, 
opposite  the  Artemas  Ward  homestead,  made  famous  by  the 
Revolutionary  War.  The  Billiards  sold  cider,  and  in  the  even- 
ing usually  had  a  crowd  of  the  village  boys  in  their  place  until 
a  late  hour.  The  cider  they  sold  was  the  attraction.  On  the  night 
of  Oct.  2  Charles  Bullard  went  to  the  grocery  store  near  by,  and 
when  he  returned  an  hour  or  so  later,  found  his  brother  dead 
with  thirteen  hatchet-wounds  in  his  head.  For  brutality  the  mur- 
derer had  no  rival,  for  he  literally  hacked  his  victim's  head  to 
pieces.  It  was  the  only  murder  Shrewsbury  had  experienced, 
and  there  was  intense  excitement  in  the  village.  A  reward  of 
$500  was  offered  the  following  day  by  the  Selectmen  of  Shrews- 
bury for  the  murderer's  arrest. 

John  Murphy,  youngest  son  of  Martin  Murphy,  who  worked  in 
Rice  &  Co.'s  currier  shop,  in  Shrewsbury  lower  village,  had 
borne  a  good  reputation  among  the  village  folks,  but  the  night  of 
the  murder  he  disappeared  and  suspicion  pointed  toward  him. 
It  was  known  he  had  been  keeping  company  with  a  girl  named 
Buckley  in  Worcester,  and  wanted  to  take  her  to  the  Shrews- 
bury cattle-show.  The  day  of  the  murder  he  went  to  George 
Warren's  stable,  in  Shrewsbury,  asking  for  the  best  team  he  had 
in  his  stable  for  cattle-show  day.  Warren  told  him  that  until 
he  paid  a  bill  he  owed  for  a  team,  he  would  not  let  him  have  it. 
Murphy  tried  to  borrow  money  among  his  friends,  but  failed. 
That  day  Calvin  Noyes  had  bought  some  cattle  from  Bullard 
and  paid  him  about  $100.  It  is  supposed  that  Murphy  went  to 
Bullard's  place  to  borrow  the  money,  and  when  he  was  refused 
the  murder  was  committed.  About  $100  was  stolen,  and  during 
the  evening  Murphy  went  to  Warren's  stable  and  paid  for  the 
team  for  which  he  owed.  He  said  he  would  come  and  get  a  team 
for  the  cattle-show,  and  Warren  agreed  to  let  him  have  it.  On 
the  bill  Murphy  paid  Warren  was  a  blood-spot,  and  when  the 
news  of  the  murder  spread  and  the  disappearance  of  Murphy 
was  known,  Warren  furnished  the  information  leading  to  the 
identification  of  the  muderer.  Patrick  O'Day,  then  a  member  of 
the  state  police  force,  and  Ezra  Churchill,  of  the  Worcester 
police  force,  worked  on  the  case.  They  were  looking  for  Mur- 
phy, and  the  road-houses  about  Worcester  were  closely  watched. 
What  was  known  as  the  Jack  Shepherd  road-house,  on  May 


9  4  History  of  Police  Department, 

street,  was  run  by  Johnson  Magee.  On  the  night  of  Oct.  5 
Murphy  went  to  Magee's  place,  and  word  was  sent  to  the  police- 
station.  Night  Captain  Amos  Atkinson,  and  Officer  James  Hen- 
nessey, who  was  traveling  a  Main  street  beat,  went  to  Magee's, 
and  Captain  Atkinson  arrested  Murphy.  He  made  no  attempt  to 
get  away  and  confessed  the  murder  to  him.  At  the  trial  in  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court  Murphy  was  defended  by  John  R. 
Thayer,  and  was  prosecuted  by  District  Attorney  Horatio  B. 
Staples.  He  was  found  guilty  and  sentenced  to  the  state  prison 
for  life.  He  served  fourteen  years,  when  he  was  confined  to  the 
prison  hospital  with  consumption,  and  after  an  effort  on  the 
part  of  his  friends  was  pardoned.  He  had  a  cancer  and  consump- 
tion, and  died  five  months  after  being  brought  to  his  home  in 
Shrewsbury.  The  reward  offered  by  the  Selectmen  of  Shrews- 
bury was  divided  among  Walter  Warren,  who  gave  the  informa- 
tion leading  to  the  identification  of  the  murderer,  and  the  officers 
of  the  Worcester  Police  Department,  who  made  the  arrest.  War- 
ren received  $350  and  Capt.  Amos  Atkinson,  Detective  Ezra 
Churchill  and  Officer  James  Hennessey  $50  each. 

A  family  feud  between  Jim  Crockett,  a  steam-pipe  fitter,  and 
a  Conway  family  was  wiped  out  on  the  night  of  March  u,  1866, 
by  the  death  of  Crockett.  One  of  the  famous  road-houses  was 
the  "Farm"  on  Millbury  avenue.  On  the  night  of  the  murder, 
Crockett  and  another  man  hired  a  team  at  Denny  &  Harrington's 
stable  to  drive  to  the  "Farm."  When  it  was  returned  the  claim 
was  made  that  the  couple  met  with  an  accident.  Crockett  was  a 
soldier  in  the  war,  and  had  been  home  but  a  short  time,  but 
the  trouble  between  him  and  the  Conway  family  was  of  long 
standing.  Nick  Conway  was  bar-tender  on  Front  street,  and 
his  brother  John  was  well  known  about  town.  The  Conway  boys 
went  to  the  "Farm,"  and  the  following  morning  Officer  Ezra 
Coombs  found  Crockett  lying  behind  a  stone  wall  on  Grafton 
street,  in  Swan's  field,  near  Penn  avenue.  He  was  badly  cut 
about  the  head,  and  had  a  fracture  of  the  skull.  He  was  sent 
to  the  hospital,  where  he  died.  There  was  no  evidence  that  he 
had  been  robbed,  and  he  did  not  recover  to  give  any  account 
of  his  injuries.  It  was  suspected  that  the  Conway  boys  met 
him  on  the  road  and  a  fight  followed.  The  coroner's  jury,  after 
hearing  the  story  of  the  case,  made  up  a  verdict,  declaring  that 
Crockett  came  to  his  death  between  i  and  2  o'clock  on  the  after- 
noon of  Monday,  March  13;  that  death  was  caused  by  a  fracture 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  95 

of  the  skull  and  consequent  injury  to  the  brain,  and  that  the 
injury  was  inflicted  by. John  Conway.  No  conviction  was  se- 
cured. 

A  murder  better  remembered  by  the  present  generation  was 
that  of  Luke  Daily  at  the  Lincoln  House  on  the  afternoon  of 
Sept.  3,  1879.  It  was  the  week  of  New  England  fair,  and  at 
the  time  of  the  murder  the  hotel  was  crowded.  Thomas  Callahan 
of  Leicester  had  been  at  work  in  the  hotel  four  years  as  steward. 
He  was  twenty-one  years  old,  and  was  keeping  company  with 
Miss  Amelia  Marr,  employed  as  a  domestic  in  the  hotel.  Luke 
Daily,  porter  at  the  hotel  for  a  year  or  more,  had  been  show- 
ing some  attention  to  the  Marr  girl,  and  a  rivalry  sprang  up 
between  Daily  and  Callahan.  Callahan  was  a  slight  fellow,  while 
Daily  was  much  larger  and  more  muscular.  On  the  afternoon  of 
the  murder  Callahan  and  Daily  met  in  the  wash-room,  and  Daily 
accused  Callahan  of  insulting  the  girl.  Words  followed,  with 
the  result  that  Daily  struck  Callahan  several  blows,  causing  his 
nose  to  bleed,  and  threatened  to  repeat  the  dose  if  he  did  not  keep 
away  from  the  Marr  girl.  Callahan  went  into  the  Lincoln  House 
block  and  borrowed  a  revolver  from  one  of  the  tenants.  He 
returned  to  the  hotel-office,  where  George  Tower,  proprietor, 
was  sitting.  Standing  in  the  corridor  was  Elliott  Brigham,  a 
bell-boy,  and  Henry  Lee,  clerk,  was  behind  the  desk.  Callahan 
met  Daily  in  the  corridor,  and  the  quarrel  was  renewed.  Without 
a  word  of  warning  Callahan  fired  two  shots  into  Daily's  body, 
and  he  died  that  night.  Callahan  was  sentenced  to  state  prison 
for  life.  In  1888,  through  the  influence  of  Hon.  Charles  A. 
Denny,  of  the  governor's  council,  and  several  citizens  of  Leices- 
ter, including  Hon.  John  E.  Russell,  a  pardon  was  secured. 
Rockwood  Hoar  represented  Callahan  at  the  hearing  before  the 
governor's  council. 

Back  in  the  earlier  days  of  Worcester,  when  crime  was  fre- 
quent, and  punishment  severe,  the  killing  of  William  Stiles  by 
Orrin  DeWolf  was  a  famous  case.  DeWolf  worked  for  a  Ferdi- 
nand Whipplc,  who  kept  a  stable  on  Thomas  street,  in  the  rear 
of  Eagle  Hotel.  He  boarded  with  William  Stiles,  and  there  had 
been  several  fights  between  the  two  men  over  Stiles'  wife.  Stiles 
was  a  drinking  fellow,  and  on  the  night  of  Jan.  14,  1845,  had  a  row 
with  DeWolf.  In  the  testimony  at  the  trial  it  was  said  Stiles 
defied  DeWolf  to  kill  him,  and  DeWolf  took  him  at  his  word. 
Both  men  had  been  drinking.  The  trial  was  in  June,  1845,  De- 


96  History  of  Police  Department, 

Wolf  being  defended  by  Alexander  H.  Bullock.  The  cause  of 
death  was  given  as  strangulation,  DeWolf  choking  Stiles  with 
a  rope.  The  jury  found  DeWolf  guilty,  and  he  was  sentenced 
to  be  hanged.  As  a  result  of  efforts  made  to  save  him  from  the 
gallows,  sentence  was  commuted  to  imprisonment  for  life. 

At  the  session  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  that  tried  Silas 
and  Charles  T.  James  for  the  murder  of  Joseph  G.  Clark,  James 
E.  Shephard  and  William  McGrath  pleaded  guilty  to  murder  in 


GEORGE    H.    HILL, 

Sergeant. 

the  second  degree,  and  were  sentenced  to  state  prison  for  life. 
Shephard  killed  his  wife,  Laura  A.  Shephard,  Nov.  15,  1867.  He 
had  a  wife  living,  and  was  secretly  married  to  Laura  A.,  daughter 
of  Leander  Wesson.  She  was  but  eighteen  years  old,  and  short- 
ly after  their  marriage,  the  young  wife  found  out  that  Shephard 
had  another  wife  living  and  left  him.  She  went  to  live  with 
a  Curtis  family  in  New  Worcester.  Shephard  went  to  see  her 
and  was  refused  admission.  On  the  afternoon  of  Nov.  15  he  went 
to  the  house  and  shot  his  wife.  He  was  not  found  for  several 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  97 

weeks.  At  the  trial  he  was  represented  by  Major  M.  J.  Mc- 
Cafferty.  Shephard  got  into  a  quarrel  with  a  prisoner  in  state 
prison  and  was  killed.  William  McGrath  and  John  McCarthy 
worked  together  in  the  Washburn  Iron  Works  in  1867.  McCar- 
thy was  the  night-boss  at  the  mill,  and  McGrath  worked  under 
him.  McGrath  lived  near  the  mill,  and  one  night  followed  Mc- 
Carthy to  the  McGrath  home.  He  returned  to  the  shop,  and 
when  McCarthy  returned  McGrath  struck  him  over  the  head 
with  a  bar  of  iron,  fracturing  the  skull.  McCarthy  died,  and 
McGrath  pleaded  to  murder  in  the  second  degree,  .receiving  a 
life  sentence. 

Ezra  Churchill,  for  many  years  a  detective  on  the  Worcester 
police  force,  figured  in  the  arrest  of  Dwight  F.  Steere  in  the 
summer  of  1875  for  murder.  Steere  was  employed  in  Luther 
Stowe's  boot  factory  in  Washington  square.  A  personal  friend 
was  F.  A.  White  of  Oxford,  who  had  been  working  in  Spencer. 
White  called  at  Stowe's  shop  to  see  if  Steere  would  go  to  Phila- 
delphia with  him.  Steere  told  White  he  could  not,  but  would 
go  to  the  station  with  him.  They  parted  at  the  train,  and  it 
appeared  later  that  Steere  jumped  on  the  rear  car  and  followed 
White  to  the  pier  in  New  London,  where  he  was  to  take  the 
steamer  for  New  York.  White's  body  was  found  on  the  pier 
the  next  morning.  There  was  evidence  of  a  desperate  struggle, 
and  the  night  of  the  murder  Steere  was  a  guest  at  a  New  London 
hotel.  The  body  was  found  to  have  been  robbed  of  money  and 
watch  and  chain.  Steere  returned  to  Worcester  the  next  day, 
and  attended  the  funeral  of  his  victim  in  Oxford.  He  talked  with 
the  family,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  the  murderer  would  be 
found  and  punished.  A  few  days  later  he  was  arrested  by  Detec- 
tive Churchill  in  Stowe's  boot  shop,  and  the  bloody  knife  and 
White's  watch  and  chain  were  found  on  him.  He  confessed  to 
the  murder,  and  was  taken  to  Connecticut,  where  he  was  sen- 
tenced to  imprisonment  for  life.  It  was  afterward  supposed  he 
was  guilty  of  two  murders  that  took  place  in  Oxford  and  never 
were  cleared  up.  In  1891  an  attempt  was  made  to  have  Steere 
pardoned,  and  Detective  Churchill  went  before  the  Connecticut 
authorities  to  oppose  it. 

Few  cases  in  Worcester  county  criminal  history  have  attracted 
so  much  attention  throughout  New  England  as  the  murder  of 
Lilla  Hoyle,  in  Webster,  Sept.  i,  1887.  The  Worcester  police 
were  not  directly  interested,  it  being  a  state  case,  in  which  David 


9g  History  of  Police  Department, 

H.  Hayter  figured  with  prominence.  Several  arrests  were  made, 
and  for  many  months  the  interest  in  Worcester  and  Webster 
was  intense,  but  the  mystery  never  was  cleared.  Lilla  and  Alice 
Hoyle  were  orphans,  and  Lilla  worked  in  Taylor's  restaurant 
and'  ice-cream  saloon  in  Webster.  She  was  twenty-six  years  old, 
had  an  attractive  figure  and  pretty  face,  and  had  several  ad- 
mirers. The  sisters  had  a  room  in  Dixon  R.  Cowie's  tenement 
over  the  restaurant.  On  the  night  of  Sept.  i  Lilla  Hoyle  left  her 
room  and  never  afterward  was  seen  alive.  A  search  was  made, 
and  the  suicide  and  murder  theories  were  advanced  and  dis- 
cussed. On  Sept.  20  Charles  Shumway  discovered  the  body  of 
the  missing  girl  forced  between  the  rafters  of  a  corn-crib  on  the 
Dwyer  farm,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  from  Webster  on  the 
Webster  and  Oxford  road.  He  was  attracted  to  the  place  by  a 
disagreeable  odor,  and  the  authorities  were  immediately  notified 
of  the  finding  of  the  body.  State  officers  and  newspaper-writers 
made  Webster  their  headquarters  for  several  weeks,  and  many 
theories  were  advanced  as  to  the  cause  of  Lilla  Hoyle's  death. 
No  case  in  Worcester  county  has  attracted  such  widespread  at- 
tention, and  no  more  of  a  sensation  has  been  made  than  the 
arrest  of  John  McQuaid  in. New  York  May  8,  1888.  McQuaid 
was  a  former  student  at  Holy  Cross  College,  and  the  faculty  and 
students  insisted  that  he  was  innocent  of  the  charge  from  the 
moment  the  arrest  was  made.  This  arrest  was  on  a  confession 
said  to  have  been  made  by  Alice  Hoyle,  sister  of  Lilla.  She  was 
reported  to  have  said  Lilla  went  away  with  John  McQuaid  and 
Dixon  R.  Cowie  the  night  of  her  disappearance.  Cowie  was 
arrested  in  Meriden,  Ct,  the  day  following  the  arrest  of  Mc- 
Quaid, at  the  request  of  the  state  police.  Both  McQuaid 
and  Cowie  were  indicted  by  the  grand  jury  of  Worcester  county 
May  8,  1888,  and  McQuaid  was  brought  to  Worcester  May  13, 
a  week  after  Cowie  had  been  locked  in  the  Summer  street  jail. 
McQuaid  was  studying  medicine  in  New  York  at  the  time  of  his 
arrest.  A  crowd  was  at  the  depot  the  day  of  his  arrival,  and 
great  interest  was  taken  in  his  case  during  the  summer  he  was 
in  the  Summer  street  jail. 

McQuaid  and  Cowie  were  arraigned  in  the  Superior  Criminal 
Court  Oct.  i,  1888,  Cowie  being  represented  by  Rice,  King  & 
Rice,  and  McQuaid  by  John  R.  Thayer.  The  release  of  Mc- 
Quaid and  Cowie  created  as  much  of  a  sensation  as  did  their 
arrest.  The  confession  of  Alice  Hoyle  was  found  to  be  untrust- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  99 

worthy,  and  Nov.  17,  1888,  McQuaid  and  Cowie  were  released 
from  jail  on  their  own  recognizance.  The  indictment  never  was 
quashed,  and  the  case  has  not  been  disposed  of. 

Before  the  Police  Department  had  a  patrol-wagon,  officers 
were  obliged  to  drag  prisoners  through  the  streets.  A  crowd 
usually  followed  in  the  wake  of  the  officer  and  his  prisoner.  The 
shooting  of  an  innocent  man  by  a  policeman  has  twice  occurred 
in  the  history  of  the  Worcester  department.  The  first  case  was 
June  10,  1866,  when  Henry  T.  Weikle  was  fatally  shot  by  Officer 
Samuel  J.  Lowell.  During  the  evening  of  Sunday,  June  10, 
there  was  a  call  for  officers  to  quell  a  disturbance  on  Larkin 
street.  The  "Meadows"  in  those  days  was  a  lawless  section. 
Officer  Lowell  brought  the  prisoner  to  the  station  under  the  old 
City  Hall,  and  almost  a  riot  followed.  The  crowd  numbered 
upward  of  1,000,  and  stones  were  thrown  at  the  station  and  of- 
ficers. A  stone  struck  Officer  Lowell,  and  he  drew  his  revolver, 
firing  a  shot  into  the  crowd.  Weikle  was  a  tall  man,  and  was 
shot  through  the  head.  He  died  the  following  day,  and  there 
was  excitement  in  connection  with  the  case.  The  feeling  against 
the  policeman  was  bitter.  The  coroner's  jury  held  Officer 
Lowell  responsible  for  the  murder,  and  he  was  held  for  hearing 
in  $6,000.  Mayor  James  B.  Blake  issued  a  proclamation,  in 
which  he  said,  "There  is  not  sufficient  legal  justification  or  ex- 
cuse for  the  action  on  the  part  of  Officer  Lowell,  neither  was 
there  premeditation  or  malice."  Lowell  was  committed,  and 
bailed  later  in  the  week.  He  was  tried  for  manslaughter,  and 
sentenced  to  one  year  in  the  house  of  correction.  The  City 
Council  voted  $1,000  to  the  family  of  Weikle. 

Patrick  Dunphy,  alias  Dunvey,  was  arrested  in  Cherry  Valley 
late  in  1871  for  the  murder  of  John  Stack,  which  took  place  in 
that  section  of  the  city  on  the  night  of  Oct.  16.  Both  had  been 
drinking,  and  Dunphy  struck  and  kicked  Stack  until  he  killed 
him.  The  body  was  found  the  following  day.  Dunphy  was  rep- 
resented by  Frank  P.  Colliding  and  George  H.  Ball,  and  was  sen- 
tenced to  the  state  prison  for  fifteen  years. 

Oct.  23,  1870,  Benjamin  Westwell,  living  on  Lafayette  street, 
was  murdered  in  his  home  by  Francis  Doran. 

Officer  Michael  Deady,  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
police  force,  arrested  Michael  Maloney,  alias  Michael  J.  Whyte, 
wanted  in  Dudley  for  the  murder  of  Frank  Spencer  of  Wood- 
stock, Ct.  Officer  Deady  was  traveling  with  Officers  C.  W.  Bar- 


100 


History  of  Police  Department, 


ker  and  Andrew  Harper  of  Station  i,  on  the  night  of  August  21. 
Whyte  was  acting  in  a  suspicious  manner,  and  Officer  Deady 
suggested  to  the  officers  with  him  that  he  had  better  be  taken 
to  the  station  as  a  vagrant.  The  murder  of  Spencer  the  day  before 
had  been  reported  to  the  police  of  New  England  cities,  and 
Whyte  answered  the  description  of  the  man  wanted.  He  was 
committed  for  vagrancy,  and  a  few  days  later  was  identified  as 
the  murderer.  He  was  sentenced  to  state  prison  for  life,  and 


WALTER    N.    DROHAN, 

Sergeant. 

Officer  Deady  was  commended  by  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Wash- 
burn. 

Two  family  tragedies  within  the  last  decade  horrified  Worces- 
ter. The  first  took  place  Christmas  eve,  1892,  and  the  second 
the  night  of  Nov.  6,  1897. 

Henry  C.  Varnum,  who  was  of  an  inventive  turn  of  mind, 
employed  on  Church  street,  lost  his  position  during  the  hard 
times  of  1892.  He  became  discouraged,  and  brooded  over  his 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  101 

troubles.  The  family  consisted  of  himself  and  wife,  Laura  A. 
Varnum,  daughter  Florence,  and  Mrs.  Sylvia  Wright,  his  wife's 
mother.  The  murder  was  discovered  by  Rev.  E.  W.  Phillips, 
pastor  of  Hope  Church,  who  called  at  the  Varnum  home,  31 
Tainter  street,  the  day  after  Christmas.  He  was  unable  to  get 
into  the  house  and  started  an  investigation.  The  front  door 
was  forced  open,  and  the  murder  was  discovered.  Varnum  had 
killed  his  wife  and  daughter  with  a  patent  door-hanger,  an  in- 
vention on  which  he  had  been  working.  He  had  struck  his 
mother-in-law  several  blows,  but  she  was  alive  when  found. 
Varnum  had  killed  himself  by  a  wound  in  the  heart  with  a 
jackknife.  Mrs.  Wright  remained  at  the  City  Hospital  for  several 
weeks,  but  never  recovered  her  reason  entirely.  She  was  not  able 
to  tell  the  story  of  the  murder  and  suicide.  She  was  taken  to 
Vermont  after  she  had  recovered  sufficiently  to  be  moved,  and 
died  a  few  months  later. 

Edward  Bangs  Hamilton,  cashier  in  the  Worcester  County 
Institution  for  Savings  on  Foster  street,  had  been  sick  during 
the  fall  of  1897,  and  his  mind  was  affected.  On  the  night  of 
Nov.  6  he  shot  his  wife  Katharine  as  she  was  asleep  in  bed,  and 
then  went  to  an  adjoining  room  and  killed  his  infant  son  Ed- 
ward and  shot  his  daughter  Katherine.  He  then  went  into  an- 
other room  and  shot  himself.  The  crime  was  discovered  in  the 
morning,  and  Hamilton  and  his  daughter  were  taken  to  the  City 
Hospital,  where  he  died.  After  the  child's  recovery  she  was 
taken  away  from  Worcester. 

A  tragedy  in  the  county  that  attracted  wide  attention  through- 
out New  England  was  the  Bergen  murder  and  suicide  in  North 
Brookfield  Jan.  19,  1900.  Martin  Bergen  was  known  through- 
out the  sporting  fraternity  as  a  member  of  the  Boston  Baseball 
Club,  and  recognized  as  the  best  catcher  in  the  country.  It  was 
known  he  had  acted  in  an  irrational  manner  on  the  baseball 
field  during  the  season  of  1899,  refusing  for  a  time  to  play  ball 
with  his  club.  He  imagined  the  members  of  the  team  were 
working  against  him,  and  it  worried  him.  He  was  not  well 
during  the  winter  of  1899.  On  the  morning  of  Jan.  19,  1900, 
his  father  found  the  family  dead  in  the  house,  and  it  is  supposed 
the  murder  was  committed  several  days  before.  Bergen  had  shot 
his  wife,  and  beat  out  the  brains  of  his  two  children,  Joe  and 
Florence.  He  then  cut  his  throat  with  a  razor. 


102  History  of  Police  Department, 

Isaac  Isaacson,  living  at  5^  Crescent  street,  was  shot  on 
Garden  street  on  the  night  of  March  2,  1896.  He  refused  to 
disclose  the  name  of  his  murderer  before  his  death,  which  was 
two  days  later  at  the  City  Hospital.  The  shooting  was  the  re- 
sult of  an  old  country  fight. 

Walter  Brinkworth  shot  Bessie  McDonagh  at  her  home  on 
Columbia  street  December  27,  1898,  and  then  shot  himself.  Both 
recovered,  but  Brinkforth  is  paralyzed.  The  shooting  was  the 
outcome  of  a  love  affair. 

The  Worcester  police  assisted  the  state  police  in  the  detec- 
tion of  Edward  Cunningham,  who  killed  William  Baxter  in  Hoi- 
den  in  July,  1893.  That  was  the  most  revolting  murder  that 
ever  took  place  in  Holden,  Baxter  being  killed  with  an  axe. 
Cunningham  was  sentenced  to  imprisonment  for  life. 

John  A.  Krussell  shot  and  killed  John  A.  Cornell  in  a  house 
on  Millbury  avenue  on  the  night  of  Dec.  23,  1892.  Krussell 
was  arrested  by  Officers  Dunn,  Fyrberg  and  Hackett. 

Mekor  Kervorkian  shot  and  killed  Kazar  Karavarian  on  the 
Common  July  4,  1891,  and  was  arrested  by  Officer  W.  R.  Rams- 
dell.  The  shooting  was  at  the  time  of  a  balloon  ascension, 
Kervorkian  claiming  he  shot  at  the  balloon.  Sentences  for  these 
crimes  were  short  periods  in  the  house  of  correction. 

The  Worcester  police  worked  for  over  a  year  in  connection 
with  the  state  police  to  cause  the  arrest  of  Paul  Mueller  for  the 
murder  of  the  Newton  family  in  West  Brookfield.  Mueller  mur- 
dered Francis  D.  Xewton,  wife,  and  daughter  Elsie  with  an  axe 
on  the  night  of  Jan.  9,  1897,  and  was  seen  walking  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Boston  &  Albany  railroad,  where  he  took  a  train 
leaving  at  I  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Xot  a  trace  of  him  has  been 
found  since. 

During  a  family  quarrel  in  the  tenement  at  23  Larkin  street 
Sept.  14,  1896,  John  Early  struck  his  sister  Ann,  wife  of  John 
Hogan,  with  the  end  of  an  umbrella  rod.  The  point  entered  her 
brain,  killing  her,  and  Early  was  arrested  by  Officer  John  Dunn 
of  Station  i.  He  was  sentenced  to  the  house  of  correction  for 
a  short  term. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  103 

CHAPTER    VII. 
THE  GRAFTON  BANK  ROBBERY. 

Work  of  Worcester  Police  in  Arrests  of  Dan  Dockerty,  Charlie  Gleason, 
Sam  Ferris  and  Jim  Welch — "Worcester  Sam's"  Escape  from  Summer 
Street  Jail — Millbury  Bank  Robbery  and  the  Learned  Mare — Lancaster 
National  Bank  of  Clinton  and  People's  Savings  Bank's  Funds  Stolen — 
Lucius  W.  Pond  a  Forger. 

Following  closely  upon  the  events  in  connection  with  the  mur- 
der of  Joseph  G.  Clark,  and  the  hanging  of  Silas  and  Charles 
T.  James  in  1868,  came  the  announcement  of  the  robbery  of  the 
Grafton  National  Bank  on  the  night  of  Oct.  25,  1870.  The 
Millbury  Bank  had  been  robbed  in  1843,  and  tne  Barre  Bank 
was  robbed  about  the  same  time.  The  Lancaster  National  Bank 
of  Clinton  was  robbed  in  1885,  and  the  teller  of  the  People's 
Savings  Bank  of  Worcester  went  away  with  $50,000  in  1890. 
None  of  these  robberies  created  such  a  sensation  in  financial  cir- 
cles as  did  that  of  the  Grafton  National  Bank.  Planned  in  James 
M.  Welch's  saloon  on  Temple  street  by  Samuel  Perris,  familiarly 
known  as  "Worcester  Sam,"  it  was  successfully  carried  out  by 
bank  robbers  of  New  York  city  who  had  a  national  notoriety, 
and  the  Worcester  Police  Department  was  called  upon  for  work 
requiring  its  keenest  officers.  Although  handicapped  by  the  in- 
difference of  the  New  York  police,  the  Worcester  authorities 
inaugurated  a  plan  of  action  that  brought  the  burglars  to  the 
Worcester  courts  for  trial.  Daniel  Dockerty,  alias  Potter,  and 
Charles  Gleason,  were  sentenced  to  the  state  prison,  Sam  Perris 
escaped  from  the  Summer  street  jail  while  awaiting  a  third  trial, 
James  M.  Welch  turned  state's  evidence,  furnishing  information 
that  convicted  the  burglars,  and  Reuben  Perris  was  acquitted  on 
the  charge  of  burglary.  He  was  rearrested  as  an  accessory 
before  the  fact,  but  the  case  never  was  tried. 

For  two  years  previous  to  the  Grafton  Bank  robbery,  there  had 
been  several  burglaries  in  Worcester,  the  feature  being  blowing 
of  safes.  City  Marshal  James  M.  Drennan  had  suspicions  of 
Welch  and  the  Perris  family,  and  when  the  job  was  done  in 
Grafton  Jim  Welch  was  watched  closely.  Austin  Gleason,  a 
Boston  &  Albany  railroad  engineer,  placed  government  bonds 
to  the  value  of  $5,500  in  the  safe  in  Stephen  Taft's  grocery  store, 


104  History  of  Police  Department, 

corner  Front  and  Trumbull  streets.  One  night  in  1869  the  sate 
was  blown  open  and  the  bonds  stolen.  They  were  sold  through 
a  Boston  broker.  The  Worcester  police  were  notified  of  the  sale 
by  the  United  States  government,  the  name  of  "James  M.  Wells 
of  Worcester"  being  given  as  the  person  who  negotiated  the 
bonds.  The  broker  described  James  M.  Welch  to  City  Marshal 
Drennan  as  the  man  who  sold  the  bonds,  but  would  not  go  into 
court  and  swear  positively  that  he  was  the  man.  A  short  time 


FRANCIS    SHAW, 

Surgeon. 

before  that  the  Court  Mills,  on  Prescott  street,  lost  a  month's 
pay-roll  by  the  safe  being  blown  open,  presumably  by  the  same 
gang. 

Sam  Ferris  and  his  father  were  fish-peddlers,  riding  through 
the  county.  Sam  was  a  quiet  fellow,  appearing  to  take  no  special 
notice  of  surroundings,  and  when  not  peddling  fish  was  a  bar- 
tender in  Welch's  saloon.  He  was  the  youngest  of  the  crowd 
in  the  Grafton  Bank  robbery,  but  considered  the  shrewdest.  Per- 
ris  selected  the  Grafton  Bank  as  the  best  place  in  Worcester 
county  for  a  break,  and  his  pals  were  sent  for.  Dockerty  came 
to  Worcester,  where  he  remained  several  days,  and  two  days  be- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  105 

fore  the  robbery  appeared  at  the  hotel  in  New  England  Village 
kept  by  George  H.  Bundy.  Another  of  the  burglars,  believed 
to  be  Bill  Dunn,  also  put  up  at  the  hotel  several  days  before  the 
robbery.  The  crowd  met  at  Welch's  saloon  once  or  twice  before 
the  night  decided  upon.  On  the  night  of  Oct.  25,  the  gang  met 
in  Grafton,  and  Reuben  Ferris  drove  to  the  village  with  the  tools. 
The  president  of  the  bank  was  Jonathan  Warren,  M.  B.  Goodell 
was  cashier,  and  Lewis  Daniels  was  watchman.  About  10 
o'clock  in  the  evening  Gleason  met  Daniels  on  the  Common, 
asking  him  where  he  could  get  something  for  the  toothache. 
Gleason  was  joined  byDockerty,who  seized  Daniels  by  the  throat. 
He  was  bound  and  gagged  and  taken  to  the  bank,  where  he  was 
thrown  into  the  coal-hole.  He  was  near  enough  to  see  the  men 
and  hear  what  was  said.  They  worked  quietly,  and  Gleason, 
who  was  the  mechanic  of  the  crowd,  gave  orders  by  numbers. 
He  suggested  that  Daniels  be  killed,  as  he  would  prove  a  convict- 
ing witness  if  any  of  the  crowd  was  caught.  Dockerty  protested 
against  murder  being  committed,  and  argued  the  burglars  out  of 
that  notion.  At  the  trial  Daniels  gave  this  evidence,  which  had  an 
effect  upon  the  judge,  and  he  commented  upon  it  in  sentencing 
Dockerty,  saying  he  would  give  him  the  benefit  of  a  year  off 
his  sentence  for  his  humaneness. 

The  burglars  left  the  bank  before  midnight  with  $10,000  in 
bank  bills,  $10,000  in  bank  notes,  $70,000  in  bonds,  $90,000  in 
promissory  notes  and  $1,000  in  gold  coin,  a  total  of  $181,000. 
On  the  morning  of  Oct.  26  Sam  Ferris  went  to  the  home  of 
Welch,  4  Penn  avenue,  tapped  on  the  window,  and  asked  for  a 
bottle  of  brandy.  He  was  later  joined  by  the  rest  of  the  gang, 
and  after  opening  champagne  in  the  barn,  where  Welch  kept  his 
liquors,  breakfast  was  served,  and  the  gang  scattered,  leaving 
Worcester  by  different  directions.  Reuben  Ferris  drove  Sam 
Ferris,  and  Welch  drove  Dockerty  to  Oakdale ;  Dunn  and  Glea- 
son went  out  on  the  10  o'clock  train.  The  money  was  left  with 
Jim  Welch,  who  took  it  to  New  York  a  few  days  later.  As  soon 
as  the  report  of  the  .robbery  was  sent  out,  the  New  York  police 
arrested  Dunn.  George  Bundy,  of  the  hotel  at  New  England 
Village,  was  sent  to  New  York  to  see  if  he  could  identify  him  as 
one  of  the  burglars.  Bundy  visited  the  Tombs,  and  looked  over 
twelve  prisoners,  but  failed  to  pick  Dunn  out  of  the  crowd.  As 
soon  as  he  returned  to  Worcester,  the  gang  planned  to  meet  in 
New  York.  Jim  Welch  took  the  money  to  New  York  Oct.  28, 


106  History  of  Police  Department, 

and  received  $100  for  making  the  trip.  He  was  seen  to  leave 
on  a  train  by  Officer  Peter  Rice,  but  acting  under  directions  of 
City  Marshal  Drennan,  he  did  not  feel  warranted  in  making  an 
arrest.  He  did  not  see  Welch  have  any  satchel  or  bundle,  and 
did  not  think  he  was  going  to  New  York.  Welch  met  the  gang 
at  the  Albemarle  Hotel,  and  a  champagne  supper  was  served 
at  Jem  Mace's  place.  The  bank  had  offered  a  reward  of  $5,000 
for  the  arrest  and  conviction  of  the  burglars,  but  the  gang  was 
not  then  arrested,  it  being  claimed  they  put  up  $15,000  in  Xew 
York  for  protection.  It  was  known  in  New  York  who  robbed  the 
Grafton  Bank,  and  the  Worcester  police  soon  after  knew  who  was 
in  it,  but  could  not  immediately  bring  about  their  arrest. 

Sam  Ferris,  Charlie  Gleason  and  Bill  Dunn  went  to  New 
Hampshire  and  Vermont  in  January,  1871,  where  Dunn  had 
plans  made  to  rob  two  banks.  At  Barton's  Landing,  Vt.,  the 
officers  followed  the  burglars,  who  robbed  the  bank  in  that  town. 
Gleason,  Dunn  and  "Cockney"  Charlie  were  arrested,  and  an 
officer  had  a  tussle  with  Sam  Ferris  in  a  sleeping-car.  The 
officer  and  Ferris  fought  on  the  platform,  and  both  went  off  the 
car  just  before  the  train  reached  White  River  Junction.  Ferris 
got  away,  leaving  his  coat* and  vest  with  the  officer.  Dunn  was 
held  in  $8,000  bonds  and  the  others  in  $3,000.  Friends  from 
New  York  bailed  Gleason  and  "Cockney"  Charlie,  but  let  Dunn 
remain.  The  burglars  were  indicted,  and  Dunn's  wife  went  to 
Ferris  and  told  him  if  he  did  not  do  something  to  get  Bill  out 
of  jail,  she  would  make  trouble  for  him.  Ferris  told  her  that 
any  man  who  allowed  himself  to  be  locked  up  by  an  officer  ought 
to  stay  there,  and  refused  to  help  Dunn  out.  Mrs.  Dunn  went  to 
Detective  A.  P.  Squires  of  Claremont,  N.  H.,  who  was  working 
on  the  cases  in  that  state,  and  told  him  who  robbed  the  Grafton 
bank.  Detective  Squires  came  to  Worcester,  and  after  a  con- 
ference with  City  Marshal  Drennan  and  District  Attorney  W.  W. 
Rice,  indictments  were  brought  against  Dunn,  Dockerty,  Glea- 
son, Ferris,  Jim  Welch  and  Reuben  Ferris.  Detective  Squires 
went  to  New  York  in  April,  soon  after  the  information  was  given 
him  by  Dunn's  wife,  and  worked  that  end  of  the  case.  "Cockney" 
Charlie  had  escaped  from  jail  at  Barton's  Landing,  and  he  was 
arrested  in  New  York  later  at  the  request  of  Squires,  and  taken 
back  to  Vermont.  Assistant  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Washburn  (who 
knew  Ferris),  Capt.  H.  H.  Comings  and  Officers  J.  M.  Dyson 
and  E.  D.  McFarlancl  worked  on  the  case  for  three  weeks  before 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  107 

the  arrest  of  the  burglars  in  May.  Assistant  Marshal  Washburn 
did  valuable  work,  spending  seventeen  days  and  nights  chasing 
Sam  Ferris,  and  finally  located  him  in  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

The  first  of  the  gang  arrested  was  Charlie  Gleason,  in  a  house 
on  Twenty-first  street.  He  was  hurried  out  of  New  York  and 
turned  over  to  Officer  Joseph  M.  Dyson,  who  locked  him  up  in 
Springfield.  Gleason  wanted  to  get  word  to  friends,  but  was 
refused,  and  protested  to  being  held  without  a  chance  to  have  a 
hearing.  The  authorities  had  no  right  to  hold  him,  but  City 
Marshal  Drennan  refused  to  allow  him  to  consult  with  friends, 
as  it  was  not  known  by  them  Gleason  was  arrested.  Officer 
McFarland  and  Detective  Squires  were  with  the  I9th  precinct 
officers  at  the  time  of  the  arrest  of  Dockerty  in  a  house  at  the 
corner  of  First  avenue  and  Thirty-second  street.  Dockerty  was 
in  bed  when  the  officers  went  into  the  room.  He  reached  for 
his  revolver,  but  was  outwitted  by  the  police  sergeant,  who  dis- 
charged his  revolver  so  close  to  Dockerty's  head  that  his  ear 
was  burned  by  the  powder. 

Sam  Ferris  was  located  by  the  officers  in  Albany,  where  he  had 
been  living  since  the  Grafton  and  Vermont  burglaries.  When 
he  thought  the  excitement  had  subsided,  he  moved  his  house- 
hold effects  to  Hoboken,  X.  J.  His  goods  were  traced,  and  in 
Hoboken  Assistant  Marshal  Washburn  learned  that  Sam's  child 
was  sick  with  measles.  The  physician  was  found  who  was  in 
attendance,  and  after  the  house  was  spotted,  the  officers  visited 
it  late  at  night.  The  New  Jersey  officers  went  in,  and  Ferris 
denied  his  identity.  When  Assistant  Marshal  Washburn  stepped 
into  the  room,  Sam  gave  up,  and  was  brought  to  Worcester  after 
a  legal  contest  in  the  courts  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  the  last  :>f 
the  gang  arrested,  and  it  cost  the  Worcester  department  much 
money  and  time,  and  nearly  exhausted  the  patience  of  the  offi- 
cers. The  reward  offered  by  the  bank  was  nearly  exhausted  'n 
hunting  down  the  burglars,  and  none  of  the  property  stolen  was 
returned.  The  case  turned  out  to  be  one  of  the  most  stubbornly 
contested  from  first  to  last  that  took  place  in  Worcester  county, 
and  the  officers  who  were  interested  in  it  deserved  credit  for  a 
vast  amount  of  hard  work.  The  arrests,  as  shown  by  the  records 
at  the  Waldo  street  police-station,  are  as  follows:  May  3,  1871, 
James  M.  Welch,  37  years  old,  arrested  by  City  Marshal  J.  M. 
Drennan  and  Capt.  H.  H.  Comings;  May  6,  Reuben  Ferris,  58 
years  old,  arrested  by  Assistant  Marshal  W.  Ansel  \Vashburn ; 


I08  History  of  Police  Department, 

May  10,  Samuel  Ferris,  31  years  old,  arrested  by  Assistant  Mar- 
shal W.  Ansel  Washburn,  and  Detective  Squires  of  New  Hamp- 
shire;  May  12,  Charles  Gleason,  41  years  old,  arrested  by  Officer 
J.  M.  Dyson ;  May  20,  Daniel  Dockerty,  36  years  old,  arrested 
by  Officer  E.  D.  McFarland.  All  were  booked  for  burglary,  and 
bail  was  fixed  at  $50,000  in  each  case. 

The  trial  of  the  burglars  was  the  first  week  in  June,   1871, 
Judge  Pitman  presiding.     James  M.  Welch,  indicted  with  the 


EDWARD   J.    RUSSELL, 
Probation  Officer. 

others,  became  a  government  witness.  District  Attorney  W.  W. 
Rice  prosecuted  the  cases,  assisted  by  George  F.  Verry;  W.  F. 
Howe  of  New  York  appeared  for  Dockerty;  H.  B.  Staples  and 
F.  P.  Goulding  for  Gleason,  and  Major  McCafferty  for  Sam  Per- 
ris  and  Reuben  Ferris.  The  witnesses  were  Jonathan  Warren, 
president  of  the  bank ;  M.  B.  Goodell,  cashier ;  Winthrop  Faulk- 
ner ;  John  Brophy ;  Mary  M.  Ames ;  George  H.  Bundy ;  E.  B. 
Dolliver ,  clerk  in  the  hotel  at  New  England  Village ;  Lewis  Dan- 
iels, the  watchman ;  George  F.  Slocomb,  of  the  Board  of  Di- 
rectors ;  Charles  Snow, — all  of  whom  either  had  some  connec- 
tion with  the  bank,  or  saw  one  or  more  of  the  defendants  in  the 
vicinity  of  Grafton  about  the  time  of  the  robbery.  James  M. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  109 

Welch,  Catherine  Welch,  his  housekeeper,  his  daughters  Nellie 
and  Abbie,  testified  for  the  government.  Welch  told  of  the  visit 
of  the  burglars  at  his  place  before  and  after  the  robbery,  of  his 
visit  to  New  York  with  the  money,  and  was  the  most  important 
witness  of  the  government's  list.  His  housekeeper  and  daughters 
told  of  the  visit  of  the  men  to  the  house  the  morning  after  the 
burglary  when  breakfast  was  served  them.  Reuben  Ferris  ex- 
hibited a  letter  claimed  to  have  been  written  by  his  son  Sam  in 
Dublin  at  the  time  of  the  robbery,  and  it  also  contained  the  in- 
formation that  Gleason  was  with  him.  The  jury  brought  in  a 
verdict  of  guilty  as  to  Gleason,  Dockerty  and  Ferris,  and  not 
guilty  as  to  Reuben  Ferris.  Motions  were  made  for  new  trials, 
and  the  Supreme  Court  sustained  exceptions  taken,  sending  the 
cases  back  for  new  trials.  On  the  second  trial  in  Feburary,  1872, 
Dockerty  and  Gleason  were  found  guilty,  and  the  jury  disagreed 
as  to  Sam  Ferris.  The  jury  in  his  case  stood  n  to  I  for  con- 
viction, the  juror  in  favor  of  acquittal  being  a  Worcester  busi- 
ness man,  who  believed  the  defendant  proved  an  alibi.  Gleason 
was  sentenced  to  fourteen  years  in  state  prison  and  Dockerty 
to  thirteen  years.  After  serving  eight  years  in  prison,  Gleason 
escaped,  and  after  reaching  England  wrote  a  letter  from  Dover 
to  Joseph  M.  Dyson,  telling  him  he  was  sorry  he  could  not 
call  on  him,  but  he  was  once  more  free  and  had  his  family  with 
him,  his  home  being  in  Paris.  Dockerty  made  an  attempt  to  es- 
cape from  state  prison,  but  fell  in  front  of  the  team  waiting  for 
him  in  front  of  the  prison,  and  was  captured.  After  his  sentence 
expired  he  went  to  England,  where  he  committed  murder,  and 
was  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary.  It  is  said  he  was  released  from 
prison  within  the  last  year. 

When  Sam  Ferris  was  committed  to  the  Summer  street  jail  in 
February,  1872,  to  await  a  third  trial,  he  was  placed  in  the  north 
wing  of  the  prison  in  one  of  the  second  tiers  of  cells  facing,  the 
west.  While  Gleason  and  Dockerty  were  prisoners  with  Ferris, 
an  extra  guard  was  placed  over  them,  but  when  they  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  state  prison,  the  guard  was  removed,  and  the  reg- 
ular night  watchman  was  guard  over  Ferris  the  same  as  the  other 
prisoners.  On  the  night  of  April  6  Ferris  made  his  escape.  He 
sawed  two  bars  of  his  cell  with  a  fine  watch-spring  saw,  and 
crawled  into  the  corridor  through  a  two-foot  opening  he  had 
made.  Gaining  access  to  the  corridor,  he  went  to  the  corridor 
above  by  the  staircase,  where  a  wooden  door  opened  to  the  stair- 


no  History  of  Police  Department, 

way  leading  to  the  fourth-floor  corridor.  The  lock  was  picked, 
and  he  went  to  the  fourth  floor.  There  were  four  windows  on 
the  north  side,  guarded  by  upright  iron  bars  and  strengthened 
by  transverse  bars  two  feet  apart.  He  raised  one  of  the  windows, 
and  let  down  a  long  string  composed  of  shoemakers'  thread. 
There  were  confederates  outside,  who  attached  to  the  string  a 
three-quarter-inch  rope  100  feet  long,  and  a  black  cambric  bag 
containing  a  jack-screw,  lever  and  burglar's  jimmy.  With  the 
jack-screw  Ferris  forced  the  bars  to  an  opening  eight  inches  wide 
and  two  feet  high.  Securing  the  rope  to  the  bars  he  crawled 
through  the  small  opening  and  slid  down  along  the  dead  wall. 
a  distance  of  eighty  feet,  to  the  ground.  This  left  him  on  Pros- 
pect street,  where  a  carriage  was  waiting,  and  he  was  driven  out 
of  the  city.  Officers  Sprague  and  Garland  of  the  Police  Depart- 
ment, who  were  on  their  way  home  from  duty,  discovered  the 
rope  hanging  from  the  window,  and  also  saw  several  tracks  in 
the  mud,  showing  that  there  were  several  persons  interested  in 
the  escape.  Perris's  wife  had  made  visits  to  her  husband  in  the 
jail,  and  it  is  supposed  she  furnished  him  the  saws  with  which 
the  bars  were  cut.  He  never  was  caught,  although  a  search  was 
made  for  him.  He  visited  England,  and  Pinkerton  men  searched 
for  him  far  and  wide.  "Worcester  Sam"  is  to-day  spoken  of  as 
the  smartest  all-around  burglar  who  ever  operated  in  Xew  Eng- 
land. During  the  past  ten  years  his  death  has  been  reported 
several  times,  the  last  report  being  that  he  died  in  Albany  up- 
ward of  a  year  ago.  James  M.  Welch  is  living  on  Salem  street 
in  Worcester  crippled  and  infirm. 

Famous  in  the  annals  of  crime  in  the  latter  days  of  Worcester 
as  a  town  was  the  robbery  of  the  Millbury  Bank  August  27,  1843. 
It  was  a  state  bank,  and  at  the  time  of  the  robbery  steps  had  been 
taken  to  wind  up  its  business.  August  158.  S.  Leonard,  wjio  ran 
the  express  between  Worcester  and  Boston,  received  from  the 
Suffolk  Bank  a  sealed  package  purporting  to  contain  $17,000  in 
bills  of  the  Millbury  Bank,  which  had  been  redeemed.  This  pack- 
age was  brought  to  Worcester  and  placed  in  Leonard's  safe  over 
night.  It  was  carried  to  Millbury  the  following  morning,  and 
delivered  to  the  cashier  of  the  bank.  He  had  no  special  use  for 
the  money  for  a  few  days  and  placed  the  package  in  the  vault. 
August  27  he  had  occasion  to  use  some  of  the  bills  of  the  bank 
and  opened  the  package.  There  was  nothing  to  be  found  but 
•carefully-folded  pieces  of  paper,  which  had  been  substituted  for 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  in 

the  money.  The  day  after  the  discovery  of  the  burglary,  Jeremiah 
Learned  went  to  the  bank  and  presented  $800  of  Millbury  Bank 
bills  for  payment,  claiming  the  report  of  the  burglary  would  have 
an  unfavorable  effect  upon  the  credit  of  the  bank.  The  next 
day  Abijah  Learned  went  to  the  bank  and  presented  $800  of 
Millbury  Bank  bills  for  payment.  The  robbery  was  placed  in 
the  hands  of  the  police,  and  the  police  of  Worcester  did  a  great 
deal  to  bring  about  the  arrest  of  the  burglars.  Jeremiah  Learned 
came  to  Worcester  August  21,  and  exchanged  $1,000  of  Millbury 
Bank  bills  at  the  Quinsigamond  Bank.  The  burglars  were  traced 
to  Springfield,  where  $4,000  Millbury  Bank  bills  were  exchanged 
for  other  funds,  and  at  Norwich,  Leicester  and  Boston  bills  of 
the  Millbury  Bank  had  been  exchanged.  Jeremiah  Learned, 
Abijah  Learned  and  James  Learned,  the  last  two  being  brothers, 
and  the  former  a  cousin,  were  arrested  Aug.  31,  1843,  and  brought 
to  Worcester,  where  they  were  tried  before  Justice  W.  N.  Green, 
Jeremiah  and  James  Learned  being  held  to  the  grand  jury  in 
$20,000  bail,  and  Abijah  Learned  was  held  in  $10,000.  When 
arrested  the  Learneds  had  $3,000  in  possession.  Abijah  Learned 
carried  on  a  cotton-mill  in  Millbury,  and  James  was  a  wool- 
sorter.  When  the  officers  went  to  Learned's  mill  a  paper  was 
found  in  Abijah's  desk  on  which  was  a  row  of  figures  which 
added  $16,800,  and  the  total  had  been  divided  by  three.  The 
Learneds  were  tried  in  1844,  at  the  .May  term  of  the  Supreme 
Judicial  Court,  and  all  were  convicted.  Abijah  Learned  was  sen- 
tenced to  the  state  prison  for  ten  years,  Jeremiah  for  five  yars, 
and  James  Learned  was  given  a  new  trial. 

The  Learned  mare  is  still  a  much-talked-about  animal  in  the 
Blackstone  valley.  She  covered  more  ground  in  a  night  than 
seemed  possible,  but  there  is  little  doubt  that  she  figured  in  some 
of  the  bank  robberies  in  central  Massachusetts  and  New  Hamp- 
shire half  a  century  ago.  This  mare  aided  the  Learneds  in  estab- 
lishing  an  alibi  on  their  trial  for  robbing  the  Barre  Bank.  The 
story  is  told  of  the  family  that  when  the  Concord  Bank  was 
robbed  of  between  $200,000  and  $300,000,  the  team  containing 
the  money  and  securities  was  left  standing  beside  the  road,  and 
wandered  away  so  far  that  it  could  not  be  found  by  the  bank- 
robbers.  The  horse  walked  into  a  farmer's  yard  early  in  the 
morning,  and  a  blanket  recently  stolen  in  Oxford  was  the  means 
of  tracing  the  burglars.  The  last  of  the  family  to  figure  in  rob- 
beries was  Otis  Learned,  a  tool-maker,  who  was  found  dead  in 


112 


History  of  Police  Department, 


Clinton  several  years  ago.  His  last  Worcester  job  was  the  rob- 
bery of  a  smoke-house  on  Pleasant  street,  when  a  load  of  hams 
was  stolen  and  sold  in  another  part  of  the  state. 

In  1843  Worcester,  in  common  with  other  cities,  suffered  finan- 
cially from  a  series  of  forgeries  that  puzzled  the  police  for  many 
months.  New  York  brokers  were  continually  finding  forged  paper 
in  their  business,  and  officers  of  Massachusetts  and  New  York 
worked  on  the  case  for  several  weeks.  That  same  year  Worces- 


POLICE-STATION    NO.    2, 

Lamartine  Street. 

ter  county  was  startled  by  the  confession  of  William  Goddard, 
•postmaster  of  Petersham,  considered  above  suspicion,  to  com- 
mitting the  forgeries.  He  had  been  doing  an  extensive  business 
as  William  Goddard  &  Co.,  and  Goddard  &  Hildreth.  He  lived 
an  expensive  life,  but  the  people  of  Petersham  supposed  his  busi- 
ness was  profitable.  He  confessed  that  the  amount  of  the  paper 
he  had  forged  amounted  to  $41,700.  Of  the  proceeds  of  his  for- 
geries he  applied  $15,000  to  the  use  of  the  business  of  William 
Goddard  &  Co.,  $5,200  to  the  business  of  Goddard  &  Hildreth, 
and  $17,000  was  applied  to  his  personal  debts.  He  pleaded 
guilty,  and  was  represented  at  the  trial  by  Hon.  Emory  Wash- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  113 

burn.  He  was  sentenced  to  state  prison  for  two  years  each  on 
three  counts. 

Prominent  of  the  Worcester  county  bank  robberies  was  that  of 
the  Lancaster  National  Bank  of  Clinton,  Dec.  30,  1885.  William 
H.  McNeil,  president  of  that  institution,  wrecked  it,  and  fled  to 
Canada,  where  he  is  now  living  in  retirement  on  a  farm  in  Hatley, 
Stanstead  county,  Quebec.  This  was  not  a  Worcester  case,  but 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  Worcester  police,  and  State  Officer 
Joseph  M.  Dyson  did  considerable  work  in  connection  with  it. 
The  wrecking  of  this  widely-known  banking-institution  caused 
the  greatest  financial  sensation  the  eastern  portion  of  Worcester 
county  had  ever  known. 

William  McNeil,  president  of  the  bank,  was  one  of  the  most 
respected  citizens  in  Lancaster,  and  was  the  political  boss  of  the 
town.  On  the  night  of  Dec.  30,  1885,  he  disappeared,  and  with 
him  went  cash  and  notes  of  the  bank  aggregating  $175,000.  It 
developed  that  McNeil  and  Charles  H.  Veo,  clerk  in  the  office 
of  Dr.  E.  M.  Nelson  of  Lowell,  went  to  the  bank,  opened  the 
vault  and  got  the  money.  Veo  and  McNeil  took  the  night  train 
for  Canada,  getting  off  at  Rutland,  Vt.,  with  most  of  the  cash 
and  bonds.  Veo,  Nelson  and  Henry  Forrester,  the  latter  cashier 
of  the  bank,  were  arrested,  and  Veo  and  Nelson  were  indicted, 
but  no  indictment  was  brought  against  Forrester.  Chief  Wade, 
of  the  state  district  police  force,  worked  on  the  case,  and  Detec- 
tive J.  M.  Dyson  recovered  $165,000.  It  was  found  in  Rutland 
hid  in  a  wash-boiler  in  a  stone  heap,  on  the  side  of  Tinmouth 
mountain.  It  had  been  placed  there  by  L.  L.  Barnum,  clerk 
in  the  employ  of  the  West  Rutland  Granite  Co.,  one  of  the 
concerns  in  which  McNeil  was  connected  with  Nelson.  McNeil 
never  returned  to  the  States  so  far  as  any  resident  of  Clinton 
or  Lancaster  ever  knew,  but  in  1892  a  reporter  for  the  Worcester 
Telegram  visited  McNeil  at  his  home  in  Hatley,  where  he  was 
doing  work  on  his  farm,  and  appeared  to  be  not  financially  well 
off.  The  directors  of  the  bank  settled  with  the  depositors,  and 
went  out  of  business.  Prosecutions  were  not  encouraged  by  the 
bank  directors,  they  refusing  to  pay  $1,000  for  which  the  arrest 
and  return  to  the  United  States  of  McNeil  was  guaranteed.  State 
Officer  Dyson  never  was  compensated  for  $300  expenses  in  con- 
nection with  the  case  used  from  his  personal  funds. 

Lucius  W.  Pond,  manufacturer  of  machinists'  tools,  princi- 
pally lathes  and  planers,  at  the  corner  of  Union  and  Exchange 


ii4  History  of  Police  Department, 

streets,  was  considered  up  to  Oct.  4,  1875,  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful and  thoroughly  honest  men  in  Worcester.  He  was  prom- 
inently connected  with  Laurel  Street  Church,  and  owned  a 
splendid  residence  at  the  corner  of  Laurel  and  Edward  streets, 
but  did  not  live  an  extravagant  life.  He  had  the  respect  of 
the  entire  community,  and  had  served  the  city  in  both  branches 
of  the  Legislature.  It  had  been  his  custom  to  invest  money  for 
his  friends,  and  he  gave  his  notes,  with  good  indorsers  for 
security.  He  used  the  money  of  widows,  persons  in  his  employ 
who  had  small  amounts  they  wanted  to  invest,  and  gave  his 
promissory  notes,  providing  for  interest  larger  than  could  be  re- 
ceived at  the  savings  banks. 

Oct.  i,  1875,  he  went  to  Boston,  collected  a  bill  of  $2,500, 
and  sent  word  to  his  family  that 'he  was  going  to  New  York 
with  a  friend.  He  left  Boston  on  the  City  of  Providence,  of  the 
Fall  River  line  of  steamers.  The  following  morning  several  arti- 
cles of  clothing  were  found  in  his  stateroom,  but  no  trace  of  him 
could  be  found.  The  suicide  theory  was  quickly  accepted.  Four 
days  later  the  discovery  was  made  that  he  was  a  forger,  a  fact 
which  startled  the  community  as  it  had  not  been  disturbed  for 
many  years.  His  wealth  had  been  estimated  at  something  like 
$200,000,  and  he  was  congratulated  for  his  business  tact  in 
going  through  the  panic  of  1873  without  a  failure.  An  investiga- 
tion of  his  business  affairs  showed  that  he  was  heavily  in  debt, 
his  liabilities  amounting  to  $100,000,  and  a  startling  array  of 
forgeries  was  brought  to  light.  Among  those  who  suffered  to 
a  considerable  extent  were  William  Dickinson  and  T.  W.  Wel- 
lington.  His  large  indebtedness  caused  the  suspension  of  several 
firms,  and  his  flight  and  failure  were  a  sensation  Worcester 
had  not  known  for  a  long  time. 

In  examining  the  large  number  of  promissory  notes  that  had 
been  altered  and  forged,  it  was  discovered  that  Talmadge's  light- 
ning ink-eraser  had  been  used.  7This  was  about  the  first  introduc- 
tion of  the  liquid  ink-eraser  now  so  common  in  business  houses, 
a  composition  of  chloride  of  lime.  This  eraser  had  been  applied 
to  the  face  of  the  notes,  the  original  being  removed  and  different 
names  and  amounts  rewritten,  but  the  names  of  the  endorsers 
remained  as  originally.  These  notes  were  treated  with  a  solution 
of  nutgalls,  which  had  the  effect  of  restoring  the  ink  that  had 
been  blotted  out  by  the  acid.  Many  poor  people  were  affected 
by  the  forgeries,  and  Waldo  W.  Stevens,  who  had  been  in  Mr. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  115 

Pond's  employ  for  fifteen  years,  was  so  depressed  by  his  loss 
that  he  committed  suicide  by  hanging  Dec.  16,  1875. 

W.  Ansel  Washburn,  city  marshal  in  1875,  had  circulars  and 
pictures  of  Mr.  Pond  sent  to  every  city  in  the  United  States 
as  soon  as  the  forgeries  were  discovered.  Mr.  Pond  was  first 
heard  of  in  Hamilton,  Ont.,  Oct.  4,  where  he  applied  for  work 
in  several  machine-shops  under  the  name  of  D.  W.  Pond.  City 
Marshal  Washburn  placed  a  watch  on  Mr.  Pond's  house,  and 
Nov.  1 8  a  trunk  was  delivered  to  an  expressman.  This  was  fol- 
lowed to  a  hotel  in  San  Francisco,  where  the  arrest  of  Mr.  Pond 
was  made  by  a  San  Francisco  officer,  who  accompanied  Detec- 
tive Ezra  Churchill  of  the  Worcester  police  force.  The  trunk 
when  it  left  Worcester  was  sent  to  "S.  J.  Kidder,  Boston,  to  be 
called  for."  Ezra  Churchill  then  followed  the  trunk  to  Sacra- 
mento, Cal.,  where  it  was  delivered  to  "L.  D.  Wilson."  The 
Wells,  Fargo  Express  Company  was  notified  of  the  affair,  and 
traced  the  trunk  to  San  Francisco,  at  the  request  of  Detective 
Churchill,  where  it  arrived  Dec.  28,  1875.  In  the  meantime  it  was 
learned  that  Mr.  Pond  registered  in  a  hotel  in  Hamilton,  Ont., 
as  "L.  Wilson,"  taking  his  middle  name.  W^hen  Detective 
Churchill  met  him  in  the  San  Francisco  hotel  Dec.  9,  1875,  Mr. 
Pond  was  considerably  changed,  his  face  having  been  shaved. 
He  at  first  denied  his  identity,  but  finally  admitted  that  he  was 
the  man  wanted,  and  consented  to  accompany  Detective  Church- 
ill to  Worcester  without  a  legal  fight  on  requisition  proceedings. 
The  trunk  contained  Mr.  Pond's  patterns  and  tools,  and  he  had  a 
ticket  for  Australia,  the  steamer  being  due  to  sail  the  day  fol- 
lowing the  arrest.  City  Marshal  Washburn  met  Detective 
Churchill  and  Mr.  Pond  at  Omaha,  and  the  three  reached  Worces- 
ter Dec.  16. 

Mr.  Pond  was  indicted  by  the  grand  jury  on  thirty-five  indict- 
ments, thirty-one  for  forgery,  and  four  for  obtaining  money 
under  false  pretences.  His  arrest  was  made  on  complaint  of 
William  Dickinson,  who  charged  him  with  uttering  a  forged 
promissory  note  for  the  sum  of  $5,000.  He  was  brought  into 
court  Jan.  28,  1876,  and  was  represented  by  George  F.  Verry 
and  Col.  W.  S.  B.  Hopkins,  District  Attorney  H.  B.  Staples  ap- 
pearing for  the  Commonwealth.  He  was  arraigned  on  three 
counts,  all  for  forgery,  and  pleaded  guilty  to  them  all.  His 
counsel  represented  that  he  was  penniless,  that  he  uttered  the 
false  notes  during  a  period  of  fourteen  months  after  the  panic 


n6 


History  of  Police  Department, 


'of  1873,  that  he  had  not  hoarded  any  of  the  money,  but  used  it 
to  carry  on  his  business.  District  Attorney  Staples  said  the 
forged  notes  were  in  the  hands  of  bankers,  trust  companies, 
brokers,  widows,  and  guardians  of  orphans.  Chief  Justice  L.  J. 
Brigham  pronounced  sentence,  which  was  six  years  in  state  prison 
on  one  count,  five  years  on  another  and  four  years  on  the  third, 
a  total  of  fifteen  years.  Mr.  Pond  was  pardoned  after  serving 
eight  years,  and  returned  to  Worcester,  where  he  went  to  work 


SUMNER    W.    RANGER, 

Captain. 

as  superintendent  in  the  shop  of  the  L.  W.  Pond  Machine  Co.. 
and  remained  there  until  his  death.  His  petition  for  a  pardon 
was  signed  by  many  persons  in  Worcester,  and  he  came  out 
of  prison  to  find  he  had  many  friends  in  the  city  which  had  been 
his  home  for  the  greater  part  of  his  life. 

The  People's  Savings  Bank  is  the  only  Worcester  banking- 
house  that  has  been  robbed.  April  2,  1890,  it  was  discovered  that 
$43,000  in  bonds  and  $3,400  in  cash  had  been  taken,  and  sus- 
picion pointed  to  the  teller,  who  had  been  absent  several  days 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  117 

by  permission  of  the  officials.  A  reward  of  $3,000  was  offered 
for  his  arrest,  and  Detectives  D.  H.  Hayter  and  J.  E.  Shaw,  of 
the  state  police  force,  assisted  by  Pinkerton  men,  of  New  York, 
worked  on  the  case.  It  was  learned  that  the  teller  had  gone 
to  Paris,  and  representation  was  made  that  if  he  returned  and 
made  good  to  the  bank  its  loss  disposition  would  be  made  of  the 
case  satisfactory  to  him.  The  teller  sailed  for  New  York  from 
Havre  on  La  Bretagne  in  August,  reaching  New  York  Sept.  i. 
He  was  arrested,  brought  to  Worcester,  and  sentenced  to  the 
state  prison  for  seven  years.  He  brought  back  the  bonds  taken, 
none  of  them  having  been  disposed  of.  The  reward  went  to 
parties  outside  of  Worcester  who  were  prominent  in  inducing 
the  teller  to  return  to  the  United  States. 

In  1869  George  Noyes.  Hills  and  Ed  McDonnald  came  to 
Worcester  claiming  to  be  representatives  of  the  firm  of  Bates 
&  Conklin,  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  They  lived  at  the  Waldo  House, 
and  claimed  they  wanted  to  buy  machinery.  Accounts  were 
opened  at  the  Worcester  and  Central  National  Banks,  and  a  week 
was  passed  in  visiting  machine-shops  and  examining  machinery. 
Early  one  Monday  morning  the  men  appeared  at  each  of  these 
banks  and  cashed  a  check  for  $2,780.  They  immediately  left 
Worcester,  and  the  forgery  was  discovered  in  the  afternoon, 
when  City  Marshal  Drennan  sent  Officer  E.  D.  McFarland  in 
pursuit  of  them.  They  were  traced  to  New  York  city,  but  Officer 
McFarland  was  one  train  behind  and  lost  them.  A  few  weeks 
later  Hills  was  arrested  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  for  forging  a  check 
for  $5,000  on  the  Elizabeth  National  Bank,  and  shortly  after  that 
Ed  McDonnald  passed  a  forged  check  for  $5,000  on  the  Loan 
&  Trust  Co.  of  Hartford,  and  fled  to  Canada.  He  was  induced 
to  come  over  the  line,  and  was  arrested.  R.  N.  Start  of  the  Waldo 
House  went  to  Hartford,  and  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  where  he  identified 
both  men  as  being  the  Worcester  forgers.  Hills  was  sentenced 
to  eight  years  in  prison  and  McDonnald  to  five  years.  Hills 
wanted  a  pardon,  and  to  avoid  a  requisition  from  the  authorities, 
settlement  was  made  with  the  banks  in  Worcester.  Hills  went  to 
England,  where  he  joined  the  Bank  of  England  forgers ;  and 
another  of  the  gang  was  George  McDonnald,  brother  of  Ed  Mc- 
Donnald who  forged  the  check  in  Worcester.  The  Bank  of 
England  forgers  were  rounded  up  and  sent  for  life  to  Van 
Deman's  land.  They  were  afterwards  released,  and  George  Bid- 


n8  History  of  Police  Department, 

well  is  well  known  in  Worcester,  where  he  sells  his  book  telling 
of  that  famous  gang. 

In  1868  a  silk-sale  was  opened  in  Worcester  by  a  man  named 
Dudley,  at  which  silks  were  sold  so  cheaply  that  the  attention 
of  the  police  was  attracted  to  it.  Dudley  was  living  with  a  woman 
on  Grafton  street,  who  was  the  wife  of  an  employee  of  the  dry 
goods  house  of  C.  B.  Claffiin  &  Co.  in  New  York.  The  police 
received  their  information  through  a  Mrs.  Sugee,  who  ran  the 
Half-way  house  at  the  time  Jim  Crockett  was  murdered.  The 
New  York  dry  goods  house  was  notified,  and  a  detective  watched 
the  employee.  A  lot  of  silk  was  found  hid  under  the  coal  in  the 
boiler-room,  and  when  the  arrest  was  made,  the  employee  had 
a  lot  of  costly  silk  wound  about  his  body.  The  employee  was  a 
native  of  Southboro,  and  was  sentenced  to  Sing  Sing  for  five 
years.  Dudley  died  six  months  later  from  nervous  prostration, 
caused  by  the  discovery  of  the  crime,  and  City  Marshal  Drennan 
went  to  the  funeral,  which  took  place  in  Xew  Hampshire.  C.  B. 
Claffiin  &  Co.  estimated  their  loss  at  $50,000.  and  the  man  who 
was  caught  in  the  act  had  charge  of  the  boilers.  Dudley  and  the 
New  York  man's  wife  lived  on  Penn  avenue.  Mrs.  Sugee  was 
found  by  City  Marshal  Drennan  living  in  a  house  on  Twenty- 
first  street  in  New  York.  She  exposed  the  robbery  rather  than  be 
brought  back  to  Worcester  to  explain  what  she  knew  of  the 
Jim  Crockett  murder. 

Hezekiah  Broughton  was  arrested  Dec.  21,  1874,  on  the  charge 
of  larceny  and  bigamy.  He  was  sentenced  to  the  state  prison 
Feb.  i,  1875,  for  three  years  for  stealing  a  horse  and  carriage 
from  Simeon  M.  Streeter  of  Sturbridge.  It  was  discovered  that 
he  had  served  terms  in  state  prison  in  Wisconsin  and  Iowa  for 
bigamy  and  larceny,  and  had  several  wives  living  in  various 
sections  of  the  country.  He  was  first  married  in  Poultney.  At., 
where  he  was  born  and  lived  the  early  part  of  his  life.  He  left 
his  wife  he  married  in  Poultney  and  located  in  Wisconsin.  He 
was  twice  married  in  Iowa,  where  he  served  a  term  in  prison, 
and  after  his  release  came  to  Sturbridge,  where  he  worked  for 
a  time.  He  became  interested  in  church  work,  and  was  married 
in  Fiskdale  in  September,  1873,  to  the  daughter  of  his  employer. 
Clark  W.  Hatch,  alias  Clark  Wells  Hatch,  formerly  a  broker 
in  Boston  and  agent  of  the  Travelers  Insurance  Co.  of  Hartford, 
Ct.,  was  arrested  at  Union  Station  Jan.  31,  1891,  by  Inspector 
O'Day  on  the  charge  of  forgery.  The  arrest  was  made  at  the 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  119 

instance  of  the  Travelers  Insurance  Co.,  which  claimed  he  uttered 
a  forged  check  for  $3,000  payable  to  Mamie  E.  Smith  of  Worces- 
ter, wife  of  Harry  E.  Smith,  a  commercial  traveler  who  was 
claimed  to  have  been  drowned  between  Narragansett  Pier  and 
Providence  about  the  middle  of  August,  1890.  The  check  was 
presented  at  the  Mechanics  National  Bank  for  payment  August 
25,  1890.  It  was  from  the  Travelers  Insurance  Co.  of  Hartford, 
on  the  Fourth  National  Bank  of  New  York,  and  representation 
was  made  that  it  was  sent  to  Hatch  &  Woodman  of  Boston  to  be 
paid  to  Mamie  E.  Smith.  It  bore  the  indorsement  of  Mamie  E. 
Smith,  and  was  made  payable  to  Clark  Wells  Hatch,  who  was  ;\ 
member  of  the  firm  of  Hatch  &  Woodman,  and  at  the  time  it  was 
presented  for  payment  an  agent  for  the  insurance  company.  Hatch 
was  on  his  way  from  Colorado  Springs,  Col,  to  Boston  when  the 
arrest  was  made,  Inspector  O'Day  taking  him  off  an  express  train. 
Hatch  had  received  the  money  from  the  Mechanics  National 
Bank,  and  it  was  not  discovered  to  be  a  forgery  until  several 
days  after  its  payment.  Hatch  was  a  man  of  remarkable  physique, 
and  attracted  considerable  attention  at  the  time  of  his  trial.  He 
was  forty-three  years  old,  stood  six  feet,  three  inches  in  height, 
and  weighed  225  pounds.  After  his  arrest  he  was  identified  by 
William  J.  Lewis,  adjuster  for  the  company,  for  a  year  a  friend 
of  Hatch.  Hatch  came  to  Worcester  several  days  before  pre- 
senting the  forged  check,  and  opened  an  account  at  the  Me- 
chanics Bank,  making  a  deposit  of  $250,  which  he  afterwards 
withdrew.  During  a  Raymond  excursion  through  the  West  in 
1885,  he  became  acquainted  with  several  Worcester  persons,  and 
used  their  names  for  reference  when  he  presented  the  check  for 
payment.  He  was  defended  by  Col.  W.  S.  B.  Hopkins,  and  at 
the  trial  proved  an  alibi,  two  women  testifying  that  he  was  in 
Boston  the  night  it  was  claimed  the  check  was  cashed  in  Worces- 
ter. They  afterward  acknowledged  they  might  be  mistaken  in 
the  day,  but  Hatch  was  then  far  out  of  the  reach  of  the  police. 
After  his  acquittal  Col.  Hopkins  obtained  for  his  client  a  writ 
of  protection,  a  second  warrant  being  ready  to  serve,  and  on  this 
writ  of  protection  Hatch  left  the  state  of  Massachusetts.  The 
last  heard  from  him  was  that  he  was  living  in  South  America. 

Hatch  was  well  known  throughout  the  West,  where  he  had 
been  tried  for  the  murder  of  his  uncle,  Henry  E.  Hatch,  in 
Flagler,  Kit  Carson  county,  Col.,  in  1890.  He  visited  his  uncle  in 
1889,  and  after  he  left  the  place  his  uncle  was  found  murdered. 


120 


History  of  Police  Department, 


He  was  twice  tried  for  the  crime,  and  acquitted  on  the  last  trial. 
During  his  early  life  he  lived  in  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
married  a  daughter  of  Orrin  Poppleton,  a  wealthy  business  man 
of  Cazenovia.  This  is  the  only  case  of  any  prominence  of  "grave- 
yard insurance"  with  which  the  Worcester  police  have  had  expe- 
rience. 

Among  the  brokers  there  have  been  various  complaints  for 
alleged  crooked  transactions,  but  the  only  one  of  the  number 
who  ever  received  a  state  prison  sentence  was  Charles  B.  Whit- 
ing, for  several  years  the  most  prominent  broker  in  Worcester. 
In  1888  he  was  charged  with  embezzlement  of  stock  in  the  Ameri- 
can Electrical  Manufacturing  Co.,  valued  at  $7,900,  and  owned 
by  Luther  Brigham  of  Boylston.  He  was  sentenced  to  state 
prison  for  seven  years. 


AN    APPLICANT    FOR    LODGINGS. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  121 

CHAPTER    VIII. 
TEN  YEARS  OF  CRIME. 

Arrest  and  Death  of  "Gentleman"  George  Ellwood — Nellie  Deedy's  Catch 
of  "Watt"  Jones,  Notorious  Bank-sneak— Sentence  of  John  Gillispie,  the 
"Butcher" — Visits  from  Frank  Moulton  and  "Lord  Beresford" — Horse- 
thieving  by  John  Lyons  and  Charles  Dansreau — Escape  of  John  Reed — 
H.  C.  Barnum's  Diamond  Robbery. 

Within  the  past  ten  years  some  of  the  most  interesting  cases 
in  the  police-record  have  transpired.  Bunco-men,  swindlers  and 
horse-thieves  have  been  brought  to  the  courts,  and  justice  has 
been  meted  deservedly.  An  unusual  number  of  notorious  crim- 
inals have  temporarily  reached  the  end  of  their  career  of  crime, 
and,  strange  to  say,  for  offenses  committed  in  Worcester  of  minor 
importance.  There  have  been  frequent  murders,  some  of  them 
surrounded  with  revolting  circumstances,  but  the  hangman's 
noose  has  escaped  them  all.  The  state  prison  holds  the  majority 
of  them,  although  a  few  sought  protection  behind  the  defense 
of  insanity. 

George  Ellwood,  a  noted  masked  burglar,  known  over  the 
United  States  as  "Gentleman  George,"  reached  the  end  of  his 
career  of  crime  in  Worcester  on  the  morning  of  Sept.  10,  1891, 
He  came  into  the  city  on  the  5  o'clock  train,  and  on  Front  street 
inquired  of  Officers  John  O'Connor  and  Fred  M.  Ames  for  a 
doctor.  He  was  directed  to  Dr.  Dean  S.  Ellis,  in  Franklin  square, 
who  found  he  had  received  a  bullet  in  his  back,  and  ordered 
him  sent  to  the  City  Hospital.  Ellwood  gave  the  name  of 
George  Martin,  and  said  he  received  his  wound  in  a  gambling- 
room.  Inspector  O'Day  knew  that  the  residence  of  C.  B. 
Humphrey,  of  the  Daniels,  Cornell  Co.  of  Providence,  had  been 
entered  a  few  nights  before  by  a  masked  burglar  and  valuable 
diamonds  taken.  The  day  Ellwood  arrived  in  Worcester  the 
newspapers  had  an  account  of  a  masked  burglar  entering  the 
house  of  L.  T.  Frisbie  in  Hartford  the  night  before,  when  he 
was  shot  by  the  owner  of  the  house  while  escaping  pursuit.  In- 
spector O'Day  visited  Martin  at  the  hospital,  and  made  a  care- 
ful examination  of  his  body  for  marks  of  identification.  Prop- 
erty stolen  from  the  Humphrey  residence  in  Providence  was 


122  History  of  Police  Department, 

found  sewed  in  his  clothing,  and  Inspector  O'Day  had  an  idea 
Martin  was  but  the  assumed  name  of  a  burglar. 

Two  or  three  years  prior  to  this  incident,  interest  was  created 
in  the  middle  states  by  the  escape  of  Ellwood  from  the  Ohio 
state  penitentiary  at  Columbus,  and  a  reward  of  $5,000  was  of- 
fered for  his  capture.  A  description  of  Ellwood  was  printed  at 
the  time,  and  by  reference  to  this  Inspector  O'Day  connected 
Martin  with  Ellwood.  He  accused  the  prisoner  at  the  hospital 


MATTHEW    J.    WALSH, 

Lieutenant. 


of  being  Ellwood,  the  fugitive  from  justice,  and  after  Inspector 
William  B.  Watts  of  Boston  saw  him  he  admitted  his  identity, 
and  rather  than  be  turned  over  to  the  Ohio  authorities,  he  said 
he  would  go  to  Providence  for  trial  on  the  Humphrey  job.  Mr. 
Frisbie  of  Hartford,  Mr.  Humphrey  of  Providence,  and  a  man 
from  Albany,  N.  Y.,  came  to  Worcester  co  see  Ellwood,  the 
Albany  man  desiring  to  get  trace  of  $5,000  worth  of  jewelry 
robbed  from  his  house  a  year  before.  Ellwood  was  taken  to 
Providence  after  his  recovery,  and  made  one  of  the  most  stub- 
born legal  fights  in  the  history  of  the  Rhode  Island  criminal 
courts.  He  was  sentenced  to  twenty-five  years  in  the  penitentiary 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  123 

at  Cranston.  In  the  prison  at  the  time  of  his  sentence  was  "Spike" 
Murphy,  sentenced  for  life  for  killing  Waterman  Irons,  a  Provi- 
dence business  man.  Ellwood  and  Murphy  planned  to  escape. 
Ellwood  armed  himself  with  an  iron  bar,  and  when  opportunity 
presented,  both  men  made  a  dash  for  liberty.  The  keepers  ordered 
them  to  stop,  and  Murphy  threw  up  his  hands.  Ellwood  reached 
the  door,  but  was  shot  dead  by  one  of  the  guards.  A  reward 
of  $50  offered  by  Mr.  Humphrey  was  divided  between  Officers 
O'Connor  and  Ames. 

As  a  desperate  criminal  Ellwood  had  few  equals.  His  earlier 
associates  in  crime  were  "Shang"  Campbell,  George  Millard  and 
Jim  Irving,  all  notorious  in  criminal  history.  Ellwood  was  said 
to  have  murdered  two  of  his  associates  in  the  earlier  years  of 
his  career.  In  1885  he  robbed  a  residence  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  in 
making  his  escape  shot  an  officer.  He  was  later  arrested,  and 
sentenced  to  the  Ohio  state  penitentiary  Dec.  12,  1885,  for  ten 
years.  After  serving  several  years,  he  planned  an  escape.  He 
reached  the  roof  of  the  penitentiary,  and  going  down  through  a 
shaft  reached  the  quarters  of  the  warden,  whose  son  was  an  of- 
ficer in  the  penitentiary,  and  Ellwood  obtained  access  to  his 
apartments.  He  put  on  the  official's  uniform  and  passed  out  of 
the  prison  yard.  In  walking  through  a  swamp,  he  froze  his  feet 
and  passed  fifty-seven  days  in  a  hospital.  Ellwood  is  known  to 
have  robbed  houses  in  Cleveland,  Albany  and  Boston. 

H.  C.  Barnum,  traveling  salesman  for  Shaffer  &  Douglass,  26 
Cortlandt  street,  N.  Y.,  reported  to  Chief  of  Police  E.  T.  Ray- 
mond Feb.  8,  1894,  that  his  sample-trunk  was  stolen  in  Spring- 
field the  day  before,  containing  diamonds  and  jewelry  valued 
at  $20,000.  His  room  in  the  hotel  where  he  stopped  had  been 
robbed,  and  the  check  for  his  trunk  was  among  the  articles  taken. 
The  thieves  sent  an  expressman  to  the  depot  with  the  check, 
and  had  the  trunk  delivered  at  a  room  in  the  business  section 
of  the  city.  The  trunk  was  ransacked,  and  the  more  valuable  of 
the  diamonds  and  jewelry  were  placed  in  a  large  bag  and  sent  by 
express  to  Worcester.  Inspectors  O'Day  and  Stone  watched  the 
express-office  two  days  and  two  nights,  but  no  one  called  for  the 
bag.  Several  weeks  later  Daniel  Coty  of  \Vorcester  was  arrested 
by  the  Springfield  police,  and  for  robbing  the  trunk  he  was  sen- 
tenced to  state  prison  for  four  years. 

John  Scanlon  is  serving  a  twenty-five  years'  sentence  in  state 
prison  under  the  habitual  criminal  act.  He  was  arrested  May 


124  History  of  Police  Department, 

n,  1891,  by  Inspector  Stone,  having  given  the  police  of  Worces- 
ter and  surrounding  towns  considerable  trouble.  He  had  been 
known  as  a  criminal  since  1865.  Jan.  i,  1882,  he  was  sentenced  to 
the  state  prison  for  seven  years  for  breaking  and  entering,  and 
was  released  in  1887.  He  was  arrested  the  next  year  in  Bos- 
ton, and  received  a  short  prison  sentence.  When  arrested  in 
Worcester,  the  records  of  three  terms  in  state  prison,  sentences 
being  made  in  1876,  1882  and  1888,  were  submitted  to  the  court, 
and  he  was  put  away  for  a  long  term. 

In  May,  1894,  Frank  Moulton  came  to  Worcester  and  entered 
into  negotiations  with  E.  Avery  Brewer,  of  Bush  &  Co.,  drug- 
gists, for  the  purchase  of  the  Dr.  Brockway  pharmacy,  corner 
Main  street  and  Layard  place.  The  deal  was  made,  and  Mr. 
Brewer  introduced  Moulton  at  the  Quinsigamond  National  Bank. 
On  June  20  he  deposited  a  cashier's  check  for  $5,400  drawn  on  the 
National  Bank  of  Tama,  Iowa.  The  same  day  he  drew  $2,000. 
He  was  not  seen  in  Worcester  afterward,  and  June  26  the  officials 
of  the  Quinsigamond  Bank  learned  from  the  Tama  Bank  that 
the  check  was  a  forgery.  Inspector  O'Day  traced  Moulton 
through  several  cities,  and  finally  located  him  in  Vineland,  N.  J., 
where  he  lived  in  luxury  under  the  name  of  Horace  D.  Baker. 
He  was  wanted  in  Bel  Air,  Md.,  for  forgery  on  the  Harforcl 
National  Bank,  and  before  Inspector  O'Day  could  get  a  requisi- 
tion from  Massachusetts  the  officials  of  Bel  Air  took  Baker  to 
Maryland,  where  he  was  sentenced  to  eight  years  in  state  prison. 
He  was  wanted  in  several  cities  and  towns  in  the  East  for  for- 
geries, and  was  known  as  Moulton,  alias  Baker,  alias  Hall,  alias 
Sage,  alias  Thomas,  alias  Roberts.  He  was  a  native  of  Virginia, 
and  his  name  was  Robert  E.  Hall. 

July  12,  1894,  Charles  M.  McFarland,  jeweler  at  the  corner 
of  Main  and  Elm  streets,  was  swindled  out  of  $400  worth  of 
diamonds  and  jewelry  by  a  young  man  claiming  to  be  the  son  of 
Judge  Thomas  L.  Nelson.  The  swindler  secured  a  diamond  ring, 
diamond  pin  and  a  Knight  Templar  charm,  requesting  permis- 
sion to  take  them  home  for  approval.  Inspector  O'Day  discov- 
ered that  he  was  stopping  at  the  Colonnade  Hotel,  on  Front 
street,  and  was  known  as  J.  E.  Myers,  letters  from  a  girl  in  Wal- 
lingford,  Ct.,  being  found  in  his  room.  He  had  been  a  dry  goods 
clerk  in  Hartford,  Ct. ;  Des  Moines,  la. ;  Dubuque,  la. ;  St.  Paul. 
Minn.,  and  St.  Louis.  He  was  arrested  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
a  few  years  ago,  and  received  a  short  sentence  for  swindling. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  125 

William  Sullivan,  now  serving  a  fifteen  years'  sentence  in  the 
Charlestown  state  prison,  broke  into  the  residence  of  Prof.  E. 
Harlow  Russell,  principal  of  the  State  Normal  School,  on  the 
night  of  Sept.  10,  1894.  He  locked  the  members  of  the  house- 
hold in  a  room,  and  got  away  with  money  and  valuables.  He 
was  masked,  and  forced  the  family  into  a  room  at  the  point  of 
a  revolver.  Sullivan  went  to  Denver  after  the  burglary,  where  he 
was  arrested,  and  given  a  sentence  in  the  penitentiary  at  Canon 
City.  He  was  released  July  I,  1897,  and  delivered  to  Inspector 
O'Day  and  Officer  Dillon,  who  brought  him  to  Worcester. 

On  May  29,  1895,  Lucius  W.  White,  mortgage-clerk  at  the 
Worcester  County  Institution  for  Savings  on  Foster  street,  left 
Worcester  suddenly.  An  examination  of  his  accounts  showed 
him  to  be  an  embezzler  to  the  amount  of  $2,258,  which  he  ob- 
tained by  neglecting  to  enter  on  the  books  the  amount  of  interest 
paid  on  mortgages,  and  converting  the  interest  to  his  own  use. 
The  peculations  had  been  going  on  more  than  a  year,  until  de- 
tected by  Charles  A.  Chase,  treasurer  of  the  institution,  by  the 
accidental  discovery  of  a  bank-book  in  the  pocket  of  one  of 
White's  coats  left  in  the  bank.  He  was  traced  to  New  York,  and 
later  went  to  London.  The  bank  did  not  care  to  assume  any 
expense  in  bringing  him  back  to  Worcester,  and  White  is  still 
a  fugitive  from  justice.  When  last  heard  from,  he  was  working 
in  the  South. 

Miss  Nellie  P.  Deedy,  bookkeeper  in  T.  A.  Small's  grocery 
store,  22  Millbury  street,  by  coolness  and  courage  detained  for 
the  police  a  thief  who  was  known  throughout  the  country  as  a 
bank-sneak.  "Watt"  Jones  is  known  to  every  police  department 
in  the  United  States.  He  came  to  Worcester  in  the  wake  of 
Buffalo  Bill's  Wild  West  Show  June  6,  1895,  and  robbed  E.  A. 
Goodnow  of  a  diamond  pin  valued  at  $200.  It  was  picked  from 
his  shirt-front  at  Harrington  corner  during  the  parade.  Jones"  was 
caught  at  Small's  grocery  tapping  the  till,  and  was  held  by  Miss 
Deedy  until  the  arrival  of  Officers  Luke  Dillon  and  Nils  Lind- 
quist  of  Station  2,  who  arrested  him  for  larceny.  He  was  sen- 
tenced to  six  months  in  the  house  of  correction,  but  before  he 
was  taken  to  the  Summer  street  jail,  Inspector  O'Day  identified 
him  as  "Watt"  Jones,  the  noted  bank-thief.  Several  months 
after  the  incident  Jones  arranged  to  have  Mr.  Goodnow's  diamond 
returned  to  him. 


126 


History  of  Police  Department, 


Jones  was  known  as  William  Stetson,  A.  J.  Stetson,  Jasper 
Simpson,  Rufus  Comstock,  Thomas  Guerin,  Albert  Montague, 
and  by  several  other  aliases.  For  robbing  the  Moulston  Bank  of 
St.  Thomas,  Ont,  he  was  sentenced  to  seven  years  in  the  peni- 
tentiary at  Kingston.  Under  the  name  of  Clark  he  served  two 
years  in  jail  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.  The  job  that  attracted  most 
attention  was  committed  in  1883  in  Denver,  Col.  He  went  into 
a  bank  during  business  hours,  and  at  the  point  of  a  revolver 


WILLIAM    HICKEY, 
Sergeant. 

forced  the  cashier  to  deliver  to  him  $10,000  in  cash,  and  then 
he  walked  out  of  the  bank  without  a  word  being  said.  He  had 
called  Ihe  cashier  to  his  private  office,  where  he  made  his  de- 
mand. He  followed  the  cashier  with  the  revolver  in  his  coat 
pocket  ready  to  use  if  the  cashier  made  a  motion  to  attract  the 
attention  of  the  clerks  in  the  bank.  In  1886  he  led  a  party  to 
rescue  from  the  jail  in  St.  Louis  Jimmie  Carroll,  a  bank-robber 
awaiting  trial.  Jan.  6,  1896,  he  went  through  Senator  Warner 
Miller's  rooms  in  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  New  York  citv,  and 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  127 

made  his  escape  after  being  discovered  in  the  apartment  by  a 
daughter  of  Senator  Miller.  He  was  sentenced  May  16,  1896, 
to  three  years  in  state  prison  in  Pennsylvania  for  stealing  a  travel- 
ing man's  satchel.  He  is  now  serving  a  sentence  in  the  New 
York  state  penitentiary  at  Dennamora. 

John  Gillispie,  known  as  the  "Butcher,"  is  serving  a  twenty- 
five  years'  sentence  in  the  state  prison  at  Charlestown  under  the 
habitual  criminal  act  for  robbing  the  residences  of  W.  A.  Rich- 
ardson on  Austin  street,  and  P.  J.  Skinner  on  Pleasant 
street,  in  the  summer  of  1895.  He  was  sentenced,  Aug. 
27,  1895,  to  twenty  years  for  the  Richardson  break  and 
five  years  for  the  Skinner  break.  He  is  the  most  close- 
mouthed  criminal  the  Worcester  police  ever  encountered.  He  is 
believed  to  be  an  escaped  English  felon.  His  careless  manner 
of  doing  his  work  gave  him  the  name  of  the  "Butcher."  In  1883 
Gillispie  entered  the  residence  of  Rev.  Dr.  William  L.  Gage, 
pastor  of  the  Pearl  Street  Congregational  Church  of  Hartford, 
Ct.  Dr.  Gage  was  awakened  after  midnight  and  gave  Gillispie 
a  tussle.  The  minister  and  thief  rolled  down  the  stairs  together 
and  into  the  street.  Dr.  Gage  clung  to  his  prisoner  for  twenty 
minutes  until  help  arrived,  but  in  trying  to  get  away  Gillispie 
struck  Dr.  Gage  a  blow  on  his  head  from  which  he  never  re- 
covered. The  citizens  of  Hartford  presented  Dr.  Gage  a  $1,000 
watch  and  chain  and  a  gold-mounted  revolver.  A  year  and  a  half 
after  this  incident,  Dr.  Gage  was  committed  to  a  sanitarium  in 
Philadelphia  for  treatment,  and  one  day  hurled  himself  from  a 
window  and  was  killed.  Gillispie  was  sentenced  for  that  burglary, 
and  while  in  prison  never  received  a  caller  or  received  or  wrote  a 
letter. 

Thomas  O'Brien,  alias  Burton,  "king  of  the  bunco-men,"  and 
George  W.  Post,  his  associate,  were  arrested  in  Worcester  Nov. 
5,  1885,  on  suspicion  of  working  their  game  on  Elbridge 
G.  Partridge.  O'Brien  and  Post  had  been  in  Worcester  several 
days,  and  an  appointment  had  been  made  with  Mr.  Partridge 
to  meet  them  at  the  Bay  State  House.  Before  the  time  of  the 
appointment  the  arrests  were  made,  and  O'Brien  and  Post  were 
willing  to  leave  Worcester  at  the  suggestion  of  the  police.  When 
arrested,  O'Brien  had  $3,400  in  cash,  including  several  packages 
of  $100,  containing  bills  of  the  Drovers'  Bank  of  Chicago. 

Within  the  last  ten  years  O'Brien  and  Post  were  arrested  on 
the  charge  of  swindling  a  man  named  Corning,  in  Albany,  out 


i28  History  of  Police  Department, 

of  $10,000.  They  were  each  sentenced  to  ten  years  in  state  prison 
at  Dennamora.  O'Brien  was  released  on  a  writ  of  review,  and 
taken  to  Utica,  where  he  escaped  in  a  way  similar  to  that  of  John 
Reed  in  Worcester.  He  went  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  took 
a  fruiter  for  South  America,  and  afterward  went  to  France.  He 
met  a  bunco-man  named  Wardwell  in  Paris,  and  during  a  quarrel 
between  them,  he  killed  Wardwell.  He  was  sentenced  to  the 
galleys  for  life,  being  confined  on  Devil's  Island,  but  made  his 
escape.  O'Brien  is  credited  with  making  $1,000,000  out  of  his 
bunco-methods. 

In  the  summer  of  1897  a  swindler  opened  an  office  in  rooms 
716  and  717,  State  Mutual  building,  under  the  name  of  F.  S. 
Lancaster,  insurance  agent,  and  also  agent  of  the  Worcester  & 
Yukon  Mining  Development  &  Investment  Co.  He  remained 
here  during  the  summer,  and  figured  with  prominence  in  the 
sporting  events  given  by  the  English  societies.  He  lived  with  his 
wife  at  the  Bay  State  House,  and  Sept.  15,  for  the  purchase  of 
furniture  at  Flint  &  Barker's,  gave  a  check  for  $126.50,  drawn  on 
the  Chapin  National  Bank  of  Springfield,  signed  by  A.  M.  Ben- 
nett. The  goods  were  delivered,  and  Lancaster  received  in 
change  $104.  Lancaster  disappeared  from  Worcester,  leaving  a 
number  of  unpaid  bills  and  small  loans  that  were  never  settled. 
It  developed  that  he  was  a  swindler  known  as  "Lord  Beresford," 
alias  Sidney  Lascelles,  who  had  served  a  long  term  in  the  Georgia 
penitentiary  for  forgery.  He  was  also  known  as  Sir  Harry  Vane, 
R.  N.,  and  as  Lord  Courtney.  He  married  the  daughter  of  Alex- 
ander Pelkey,  a  wealthy  resident  of  Fitzgerald,  Ga.  After  he 
left  Worcester,  he  was  located  in  Buffalo,  where  he  lived  for  a 
time  under  the  name  C.  H.  Davis,  and  when  last  heard  from 
was  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  where  he  swindled  people  on  an  ex- 
tensive scale. 

The  North  Grafton  post-office  was  robbed  on  the  night  of  Nov. 
7,  1898,  by  a  gang  of  safe-blowers  who  had  been  operating  in 
central  Massachusetts.  While  the  job  in  the  North  Grafton 
post-office  was  being  done,  a  citizen  of  the  town  discovered  it 
and  notified  William  A.  Gatchell  and  Amos  G.  Gatchell,  con- 
stables of  the  town.  They  caught  Lawrence  Day  and  Thomas 
McGrath.  While  trying  to  escape,  one  of  the  burglars  known 
as  "French  Louie"  was  shot  and  killed  by  one  of  the  Gatchells. 
The  fellow  was  getting  away  from  the  post-office,  and  was  found 
dead  in  a  field  the  following  morning.  Inspector  Stone  and  Of- 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  129 

ficer  W.  H.  Brady  of  the  Worcester  police  force  arrested  Fred 
Norris  in  a  Front  street  lodging-house  the  day  after  the  burglary 
on  suspicion  of  being  one  of  the  robbers.  He  could  not  be 
connected  with  the  crime,  but  was  identified  as  a  Fitchburg  burg- 
lar, and  was  sentenced  to  state  prison  by  the  same  judge  who 
sentenced  Day  and  McGrath.  No  one  claimed  the  body  of  the 
burglar  killed  by  the  Grafton  constables. 

Horse-thieves  have  operated  extensively  in  and  about  Worces- 
ter during  the  last  half  century.  The  arrest  of  John  Lyons  in 
Springfield,  Xov.  12,  1896,  and  his  identification  by  Inspector 
O'Day,  and  the  arrest  of  Charles  Dansreau  in  Danielsonville,  Ct., 
Feb.  22,  1894,  are  the  most  interesting  cases  in  the  history  of 
the  local  police.  Both  did  a  vast  amount  of  work  in  their  crimi- 
nal line,  and  were  sent  to  state  prison  for  long  terms. 

Deputy  Sheriffs  McCann  and  Phelps  of  Springfield,  while  on 
a  coon-hunt  in  the  vicinity  of  W^est  Springfield,  Nov.  12,  1896, 
found  Lyons  with  a  new  team  in  an  abandoned  barn.  The  fellow 
was  unable  to  give  a  satisfactory  account  of  himself,  and  was  taken 
to  Springfield  on  the  charge  of  vagrancy.  The  arrest  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  Worcester  police,  who  communicated  with 
the  police  of  Springfield.  Inspector  O'Day  went  to  Springfield, 
and  identified  the  fellow  as  Lyons,  who  stole  a  pair  of  valuable 
colts  from  Charles  B.  Pratt  in  1885.  He  was  brought  to  Worces- 
ter and  held  on  the  charge  of  stealing  ex-Mayor  Pratt's  team. 
In  the  meantime  it  was  learned  that  the  team  found  in  Lyons' 
possession  was  stolen  from  Waterbury,  Ct.  Ex-Mayor  Pratt  did 
not  care  to  prosecute  the  case,  by  reason  of  an  agreement  made 
at  the  time  the  horses  were  returned,  and  Lyons  was  turned 
over  to  the  police  of  Waterbury.  He  was  sentenced  to  eight  years 
in  state  prison  at  Wethersfield  for  stealing  the  Waterbury  team. 
Lyons  had  served  eight  years  in  Sing  Sing  for  stealing  a  team 
in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.,  being  released  in  1893.  More  than 
thirty  years  ago  Lyons  came  to  Worcester  and  robbed  the  resi- 
dence of  R.  C.  Taylor  in  Quinsigamond.  He  found  a  safe  which 
he  supposed  contained  money  and  valuables,  and  moved  the  safe 
out  of  the  house,  driving  away  with  it.  This  is  the  only  case  on 
record  in  local  police  history  of  a  safe  being  taken  away  from  a 
building  by  burglars. 

Charles  Dansreau, arrested  in  Danielsonville,  Ct.,  Feb.  22,  1894, 
by  Inspectors  O'Day  and  Stone  of  Worcester  and  Detective  Pat- 
rick Parker  of  Providence,  and  brought  to  Worcester,  stole  dur- 


1 3o 


History  of  Police  Department, 


ing  his  short  career  as  a  horse-thief  nearly  seventy-five  horses  in 
Providence  and  six  horses  in  Worcester.  At  the  time  of  the  ar- 
rest fourteen  horses  belonging  in  Rhode  Island  and  six  belonging 
to  Worcester  persons  were  found  in  his  possession.  He  was  tried 
at  the  May  term  of  the  Superior  Criminal  Court  of  Worcester 
county,  1894,  and  sentenced  to  thirteen  years  in  the  state  prison, 
on  the  charges  of  stealing  teams  from  George  L.  Stratton  of  Wor- 
cester. Dec.  30,  1893 ;  from  Francis  W.  Grout  of  \Vorcester,  Jan. 


JOHN    VV.    WARREN, 

Sergeant. 

4,  1894;  from  John  Manning  of  Cherry  Valley,  Jan.  6,  1894;  from 
John  J.  Riordan  of  Worcester,  Jan.  17,  1894;  from  John  Jenberg, 
Jan.  27,  1894;  from  Gilbert  J.  Rugg,  Feb.  7,  1894.  He  was  traced 
from  Worcester  to  Danielsonville,  Ct.,  by  Inspectors  O'Day  and 
Stone,  and  Deputy  Sheriff  Bowen  of  Danielsonville  assisted  in  the 
arrest.  This  was  the  most  extensive  series  of  horse-thieving 
operations  in  Worcester.  Feb.  22,  1890,  Dansreau  was  arrested 
under  the  name  of  Johnson  and  sentenced  to  the  Massachusetts 
reformatory. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  131 

No  ease  so  thoroughly  interested  the  public  at  large  as  the  ar- 
rest, subsequent  conviction,  and  escape  of  John  Reed,  as  clever  a 
bunco-man  as  ever  operated  in  New  England.  He  was  arrested 
in  Clinton  Nov.  19,  1897,  by  officers  of  that  town  on  the  charge  of 
gaming.  He  was  hurrying  out  of  the  city,  and  had  with  him  a 
partner  believed  to  be  "Lou"  Ludlum,  also  a  bunco-man,  who  es- 
caped. It  was  found  a  few  days  later  that  Charles  R.  Brown  of 
Gardner  had  been  buncoed  out  of  $2,000,  and  Reed  was  held  for 
the  offense.  The  Gardner  justice  who  heard  the  preliminary  case 
held  Reed  in  $2, 500,  and  bail  was  furnished.  So  much  publicity  had 
been  given  to  Reed's  arrest  that  bunco-cases  that  had  taken  place 
within  two  years  in  Massachusetts  towns  came  to  light,  and  Reed 
was  suspected  of  doing  it  all.  He  had  many  friends  in  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  who  furnished  bail  for  him  in  several  counties, 
upward  of  $15,000  being  furnished  for  securities  by  his  friends. 
Indictments  were  found  against  him  in  Worcester  and  other  coun- 
ties in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state  for  obtaining  under  false  pre- 
tences $2,000  from  Charles  R.  Brown  of  Gardner,  $3,500  from 
Charles  Sweetser  of  Chelmsford,  $1,200  from  S.  D.  Hardy  of 
South  Framingham,  and  $4,500  from  Martin  Wood  of  Bridge- 
water,  the  latter  offense  claiming  to  have  been  committed  Sept. 
20,  1897.  It  was  also  claimed  he  secured  $5,600  from  Comford 
Thompson  of  Uxbridge,  Sept.  15,  1896.  It  was  unfortunate  for 
Reed  that  he  was  arrested,  for  every  man  in  the  state  who  had 
been  buncoed  within  ten  years  came  to  the  front,  and  was  ready 
to  swear  Reed  was  the  man  who  did  it.  There  is  no  doubt  Reed 
had  to  answer  for  bunco-games  with  which  he  had  no  connection. 
He  was  tried  on  three  complaints,  and  sentenced  to  not  less  than 
four  nor  more  than  five  years  on  each  of  the  Hardy,  Wood 
and  Sweetser  complaints,  a  total  of  not  less  than  twelve  nor 
more  than  fifteen  years.  Oct.  29,  1898,  he  was  brought  to  Wor- 
cester from  the  state  prison  by  Officer  James  L.  Abbott  of  the 
prison,  and  they  stopped  at  a  Front  street  hotel.  Reed's  visit  was 
to  confer  with  Col.  W.  A.  Gile,  his  counsel.  On  the  night  of  Oct. 
30  Reed  escaped  from  the  hotel  while  the  officer  was  absent  for  a 
few  moments.  Officer  Abbott  lost  his  position,  and  Reed  never 
was  caught.  How  Reed  got  out  of  Worcester  has  never  been 
printed,  but  it  is  known  that  after  being  concealed  for  a  day  or 
two,  he  went  out  in  a  soldier's  uniform,  this  being  about  the  time 
the  2d  Massachusetts  Regiment  went  to  Springfield  to  be  mus- 
tered out  of  service  of  the  United  States  government. 


]32  History  of  Police  Department, 

After  a  year  of  no  license  in  1890,  the  opening  of  saloons  May  i, 
1 891,  was  marked  by  the  murder  of  John  Manning,  nineteen  years 
old,  by  James  F.  Quigley  of  Xew  Haven,  Ct.,  a  book-agent  who 
was  canvassing  in  Worcester.     The  saloons  had  been  open  but  a 
few  hours  on  the  ist  of  May  when  John  Manning,  employed  as 
driver  of  a  wood  delivery  wagon  by  P.  A.  Friberg,  drove  through 
Orange  street.     He  was  calling  out  "Wood,  wood"  from  his  seat 
when  he  met  Quigley,  who  was  drunk.     Quigley  imitated  the  call 
of  the  wood-peddler,  and  words  followed.     Manning  was  a  crip- 
ple, and  as  he  stepped  off  his  team  at  the  corner  of  Orange  and 
Myrtle  streets,  Quigley  struck  him  several  blows  on  the  head  with 
his  fist.     The  blows  burst  a  blood-vessel  in  Manning's  head,  from 
which  he  died  on  the  sidewalk  within  a  few  moments.     Quigley 
was    arrested,    and    sentenced    to    the    house    of    correction    for 
eighteen  months.     Manning  was  the  son  of  Joshua  S.  Manning, 
and  lived  in  the  "rookery"  on  Cypress  street.     Quigley  was  later 
arrested  in  Boston  for  a  murderous  assault  on  Thomas  McGuin- 
ness,  a  Worcester  man  in  the  liquor  business  in  Boston.     For  that 
attempt  to  murder  Quigley  was  sentenced  to  fifteen  years  in  state 
prison,  where  he  is  now  confined. 

William  W.  Graves  killed  his  wife,  Johanna  Griffin  Graves,  in  a 
lodging-house  on  Front  street  on  the  night  of  Dec.  28,  1893.  The 
couple  were  arrested  together  on  Summer  street  several  years  be- 
fore their  marriage,  and  Inspector  Stone  advised  him  to  pay  his 
fine  of  $30  rather  than  go  through  a  marriage  ceremony.  Graves 
could  not  raise  money  enough  to  pay  the  fines,  and  they  were  mar- 
ried. Their  life  was  unhappy,  and  during  a  drunken  carousal 
Graves  kicked  his  wife  so  severely  that  she  died  in  consequence. 
She  was  found  in  her  room,  and  Graves  was  arrested  later  by  In- 
spector Stone  and  Sergt.  Thomas  McMurray.  He  was  sen- 
tenced to  seven  years  in  the  state  prison. 

William  G.  Carr  shot  and  killed  his  sister,  Ellen  T.  Lucier,  in 
the  front  yard  of  her  tenement,  corner  Belmont  and  Liberty 
streets,  Sept.  29,  1894.  Carr  was  employed  in  the  Grove  street 
wire-mill.  On  account  of  family  troubles  he  became  demented. 
He  went  to  the  home  of  his  sister  in  an  apparently  friendly  mood, 
and  without  a  word  of  warning  shot  and  instantly  killed  her.  He 
was  seen  in  Washington  square  during  the  afternoon  by  several 
acquaintances,  and  in  the  evening  was  arrested  by  Officer  Thomas 
Hurley  of  Station  i.  Carr  made  no  denial  of  the  crime  nor  any 
attempt  to  resist  arrest.  He  was  examined  to  determine  his  men- 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  133 

tal  condition,  and  was  adjudged  insane.  Carr  was  committed  to 
the  Worcester  Insane  Hospital,  where  he  remained  several  years, 
and  is  now  confined  in  the  insane-ward  of  the  Bridgewater  state 
farm.  He  is  spoken  of  as  appearing  rational,  and  a  short  time 
ago  made  a  move  toward  securing  a  pardon.  He  wrote  friends 
in  Worcester,  but  was  advised  to  make  no  further  attempt  in  that 
direction. 

Dr.  H.  Robert  Surles,  a  practicing  physician  in  Worcester  for 
many  years,  and  prominent  in  the  English  societies,  was  arrested 
Jan.  22,  1895,  on  a  charge  of  murdering  Anna  F.  Murphy,  a  do- 
mestic employed  by  George  F.  Clark,  at  Salem  square.  He  ad- 
mitted performing  a  criminal  operation  upon  the  girl,  but  his  de- 
fense was  that  the  operation  did  not  cause  her  death.  A  young 
man  concerned  in  the  case  turned  state's  evidence,  furnishing  the 
police  with  the  information  leading  to  Surles'  arrest,  and  the  de- 
fendant was  sentenced  to  eight  years  in  state  prison,  where  he  is 
now  confined.  This  was  the  most  sensational  case  of  that  charac- 
ter Worcester  has  experienced  in  half  a  century. 

For  a  crime  of  the  same  nature  Lena  Lavigne,  alias  Peterson, 
\vas  sentenced  to  the  house  of  correction  for  six  years  for  causing 
the  death  of  Ida  \V.  Briggs.  She  was  arrested  in  a  house  on 
Grand  street  by  Inspector  Stone  and  Officer  George  A.  McLeod 
June  29,  1897. 

Gilbert  Parker,  arrested  in  a  house  on  Xewbury  street  by  In- 
spector O'Day  in  1887,  was  sentenced  to  state  prison  for  five 
years  for  a  similar  crime.  He  was  watched  by  the  police  for  sev- 
eral months,  and  his  house  was  so  carefully  arranged  that  it  was 
almost  impossible  for  a  police  officer  to  gain  admission. 

The  murder  of  Mesak  D'Sahagian  at  28  Liberty  street  on  the 
night  of  Feb.  13,  1896,  was  the  result  of  a  row  which  had  its 
origin  in  Armenia.  Bagadasar  Shervonian,  who  committed  the 
murder,  one  of  the  most  cruel  and  premeditated  that  ever  took 
place  in  Worcester,  was  cook  in  the  Armenian  boarding-house 
on  Liberty  street  where  D'Sahagian  lived.  The  latter  came  from 
Tarsus,  and  had  been  in  Worcester  several  years  at  the  time  of  the 
murder,  but  had  repeated  warnings  that  Shervonian  would  kill 
him,  the  grudge  being  conceived  in  the  old  country,  and  death 
was  the  only  way,  Shervonian  said,  to  wipe  it  out.  While  D'Sa- 
hagian was  asleep,  Shervonian  crept  into  his  room,  which  was  on 
the  first  floor,  and  with  a  Turkish  knife,  the  blade  of  which  was 
eight  inches  long,  stabbed  him  through  the  heart.  The  blade  was 


134 


History  of  Police  Department, 


driven  its  full  length,  and  the  heart  was  cut  in  two  by  the  blow. 
Shervonian  fled  the  house,  and  an  alarm  was  sent  to  the  police- 
station  shortly  after  midnight.  Search  was  made  by  the  police 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    IN    1870. 

for  two  days.  S.  Everett  Phipps,  a  member  of  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment, learned  from  George  C.  Blanchard,  a  farmer  on  Salisbury 
street,  that  an  Armenian  answering  the  description  of  Shervonian 
had  been  working  on  Pliny  Moore's  farm,  about  two  miles  from 
the  city  on  Salisbury  street.  Chief  of  Police  Raymond  and  Dep- 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  135 

uty  Chief  of  Police  Amos  Atkinson  went  to  Moore's  farm,  and 
found  Shervonian  at  work  in  a  corn-crib.  He  was  peeling  pota- 
toes with  the  knife  used  to  commit  the  murder.  Chief  Raymond 
arrested  him,  and  Shervonian  was  driven  to  the  police-station 
without  making  any  resistance,  although  he  denied  committing 
the  crime.  He  later  made  a  confession,  and  was  sentenced  to 
state  prison  for  life. 

The  assault  upon  Thomas  Devoy,  a  potato-dealer  on  Black- 
stone  street,  on  the  night  of  Feb.  27,  1896,  gave  the  police  a  long 
and  unsuccessful  chase.  Devoy  brought  potatoes  from  Canada, 
and  sold  them  to  peddlers  from  a  freight-car.  William  Murray 
was  a  new-comer  to  Worcester  among  the  peddlers,  and  the 
police  knew  very  little  of  him.  On  the  night  of  Feb.  27  Murray 
went  to  the  car  while  Devoy  was  preparing  to  close  for  the  night 
and  struck  him  over  the  head  with  an  iron  bar,  fracturing  the 
skull.  He  was  taken  to  the  City  Hospital,  and  as  long  as  he  lived 
in  Worcester  never  spoke  a  word,  the  injury  resulting  in  the  total 
loss  of  speech.  Devoy  was  well  liked  among  the  peddlers,  and 
information  leading  to  the  identity  was  quickly  furnished  the 
police  by  those  who  traded  at  the  car.  Murray  drove  from  Wror- 
cester  after  the  assault  in  a  team  hired  of  Charles  Randall,  and 
was  located  in  several  cities,  but  his  arrest  was  never  effected. 

Alexander  Berkman,  sent  to  state  prison  in  Pennsylvania  for 
shooting  H.  C.  Frick,  of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Works,  during  the 
strike  of  1892,  lived  in  Worcester  with  Emma  Goldman,  the  anar- 
chist, in  rooms  over  the  City  National  Bank,  and  went  from  Wor- 
cester directly  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  just  before  the  shooting. 

Inspectors  O'Day  and  Stone,  on  January  16,  1896,  unearthed  a 
counterfeiters'  den  on  the  Major  Brown  farm  in  Oxford.  A  lot 
of  counterfeiting  tools  was  found,  and  several  Armenians  were 
arrested,  but  no  convictions  were  secured. 

Ellen  Carey,  9  Harding  street,  during  an  attack  of  insanity, 
killed  Patrick  Hassett,  a  boarder,  on  the  night  of  March  25,  1899. 
She  was  committed  to  the  Worcester  Insane  Hospital. 

Peter  Finnigan  shot  and  killed  his  wife  July  4,  1887,  at  their 
home  in  East  Worcester  after  a  family  fight.  Finnigan  was 
drunk,  and  had  given  the  police  trouble  for  a  long  time.  He  was 
sentenced  to  the  house  of  correction  for  eighteen  months. 

Not  since  Officer  Samuel  J.  Lowell  killed  Henry  T.  W'eikle 
while  shooting  into  a  crowd  was  there  another  crime  of  such  a 
nature  until  Feb.  TO,  1899,  when  Officer  Ira  F.  Goodwin  of  Sta- 


136  History  of  Police  Department, 

tion  2  shot  and  instantly  killed  William  Harvey,  who  was  em- 
ployed by  the  Welcome  Mission.  Officer  Goodwin  had  a  fight 
with  a  prisoner,  who  assaulted  him,  and  the  prisoner  got  away. 
Goodwin  ordered  him  to  stop,  and  when  he  did  not  the  officer 
fired  two  shots  at  him.  One  of  them  struck  William  Harvey, 
who  was  driving  a  wood  team,  and  instantly  killed  him.  He  was 
suspended  from  duty,  and  indicted  for  manslaughter,  but  the  case 
was  placed  on  file.  He  was  one  of  the  most  conscientious  officers 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    IN    1884. 

on  the  force,  and  during  his  trial  had  the  sympathy  of  the  public. 
He  was  reinstated  on  the  police  force  Feb.  7,  1900. 

One  of  the  most  desperate  attempts  ever  made  to  kill  a  police 
officer  was  that  upon  Officer  Romanzo  Thayer  of  Station  i  on  the 
night  of  July  31,  1892.  Officer  Thayer  and  Officer  Stone,  now 
chief  of  police,  were  detailed  as  rum-officers  during  1891.  One 
of  the  places  where  rum  was  openly  sold  in  violation  of  the  law 
was  a  boarding-house  on  Thomas  street,  run  by  Edward  D.  Les- 
lie. Pie  had  threatened  the  life  of  Officer  Thaver  if  he  did  not 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  137 

quit  raiding  his  house.  Officer  Thayer  had  ceased  doing  special 
work  as  a  liquor  officer,  and  was  traveling  a  beat,  going  off  duty 
on  the  night  of  the  assault  at  i  o'clock.  He  lived  on  Paine  street, 
and  was  obliged  to  walk  through  a  dark  section  of  wooded  land 
on  the  way  to  his  home.  It  was  in  this  clump  of  trees,  near  the 
home  of  Officer  Thayer,  that  Leslie  pounced  upon  him,  knocking 
him  to  the  ground  with  a  baseball  bat.  When  Officer  Thayer  was 
found,  he  was  covered  with  blood,  and  was  thought  to  be  dead. 
For  many  weeks  he  was  confined  to  his  home,  and  for  a  week  his 
life  hung  by  a  thread.  Leslie  was  suspected,  and  arrested  within 
twenty-four  hours  after  the  assault.  He  was  sentenced  to  seven 
years  in  state  prison. 

Deputy  Chief  of  Police  Amos  Atkinson  has  a  scar  on  the  back 
of  his  head  that  will  go  to  the  grave  with  him.  He  received  it  in 
a  fight  in  Buck's  court,  off  Mechanic  street,  in  1870,  two  years 
after  he  went  on  the  force.  There  was  a  midnight  row  in  the  ten- 
ement occupied  by  a  man  named  Hughes.  Officers  Atkinson  and 
Henry  Allen  went  into  the  tenement  to  quell  the  disturbance. 
There  were  four  men  and  a  woman,  and  all  fought  the  officers. 
Officer  Allen  deserted  Atkinson  when  the  woman  threw  a  stove- 
lid  at  them.  Officer  Atkinson  jumped  over  the  stove  and  Hughes 
struck  him  with  an  iron  bar  on  the  head,  cutting  a  long  gash.  At- 
kinson rushed  to  the  door  and  fired  his  revolver,  attracting  the  at- 
tention of  Officers  S.  W.  Ranger  and  Joseph  M.  Dyson.  Officer 
Atkinson  remained  at  the  house,  preventing  the  four  assailants 
from  escaping,  and  while  he  was  weak  from  the  blow  and  loss  of 
blood,  he  fought  the  men  until  the  arrival  of  other  officers.  Hen- 
ry Allen  afterward  resigned  from  the  department. 

The  last  murder-case  on  which  Inspector  Stone  worked  was 
the  murder  of  Asa  Bennett  in  Hubbardston  on  the  night  of  Dec. 
21,  1899.  The  state  police  were  detailed  on  the  case,  and  State 
Detective  Peleg  F.  Milrray  asked  the  local  department  for.  the 
services  of  Inspector  Stone.  The  case  has  not  been  cleared  up, 
not  sufficient  evidence  being  secured  to  make  an  arrest.  Inspector 
Stone  was  obliged  to  leave  the  case  by  reason  of  his  appointment 
as  chief  of  police. 


138  History  of  Police  Department, 

CHAPTER    IX. 
DECADE  OF  POLICE-DUTY. 

Increase  of  Force  and  Appointment  of  Night-Sergeants  by  Mayor  F.  A. 
Harrington— Retirement  of  City  Marshal  \V.  Ansel  Washburn— Adminis- 
trations of  Maj.  E.  T.  Raymond  and  Return  of  Col.  James  M.  Drennan— - 
Reorganization  of  Department  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R.  Sprague— Inspector 
William  J.  E.  Stone  Appointed  Chief. 

When  Francis  A.  Harrington  became  mayor  in  1890,  one  of  the 
most  urgent  recommendations  in  his  inaugural  was  that  the  police 
force  be  increased  to  100  patrolmen.  When  Mayor  Winslow 
went  out  of  office,  there  were  79  patrolmen,  and  the  total  strength 
of  the  department  was  94  members.  The  department  had  to  its 
credit  nearly  $100,000  worth  of  property,  and  the  operation  of  the 
civil-service  law,  and  the  action  of  Mayor  Winslow  in  placing  the 
department  upon  a  permanent  basis,  had  brought  it  up  to  a  high 
standard.  The  city  was  going  through  the  process  of  expansion, 
and  there  was  an  urgent  demand  from  the  suburban  sections  for 
additional  police  protection.  Mayor  Harrington,  being  a  subur- 
ban resident,  realized  the  needs  of  more  police,  and  made  it  a 
strong  feature  of  his  inaugural. 

In  his  report  for  1889  City  Marshal  Washburn  made  special 
mention  of  the  services  of  Officers  Romanzo  Thayer,  S.  M.  Bel- 
lows, Thomas  Hurley,  James  T.  Johnson,  M.  J.  O'Connell,  O.  A. 
Johnson,  W.  H.  Brady  and  Inspector  Patrick  O'Day  for  their  part 
taken  in  arrests  of  burglars  who  had  operated  about  Worcester, 
breaking  into  several  residences  on  the  west  side  and  in  stores  on 
the  east  side. 

Mayor  Harrington  inaugurated  his  official  acts  with  the  appoint- 
ment of  ten  patrolmen,  all  from  the  civil-service  list,  who  were 
George  A.  McLeod,  Daniel  L.  Lamson,  John  Keyes,  James  J. 
Tierney,  John  F.  White,  John  B.  McCarthy,  August  Thunman, 
Frank  F.  Burbank,  Fred  C.  Eaton  and  Thomas  F.  Boyle.  Since 
1879  there  had  been  no  officials  who  looked  after  the  immediate 
work  of  the  night-police,  and  the  appointment  of  sergeants  was 
agitated,  followed  by  the  City  Council  passing  an  order  recom- 
mending their  appointment.  Mayor  Harrington  selected  from 
the  ranks  Thomas  McMurray  and  James  T.  Johnson  of  Station  i, 
and  William  Hickey  and  John  W.  Warren  of  Station  2,  appoint- 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  139 

ing  them  sergeants  at  a  salary  of  $1,000  a  year,  these  being  made 
March  21. 

There  were  3,01 1  arrests  made  during  1890,  a  decrease  of  nearly 
1,000  over  the  previous  year.  The  first  year  of  Mayor  Harring- 
ton's administration  was  the  second  no-license  year,  and  the  re- 
port of  the  city  marshal  showed  that  nearly  all  arrests  were  for 
misdemeanors,  and  that  crimes  of  a  serious  nature  had  been  com- 
paratively few.  The  expenditures  of  the  department  for  1891  were 
$104,599.95,  with  a  revenue  of  $13,290.33,  a  net  expense  of  $91,- 
309.62.  So  the  first  year  of  the  last  decade  began  with  104  per- 
sons in  the  department  and  an  annual  expenditure  of  over  $100,- 
ooo.  A  disposition  to  violate  the  law  prohibiting  the  sale  of 
liquor  during  the  no-license  year  of  1890  made  additional  work  for 
the  police.  During  1890  there  were  served  1,588  search-warrants, 
resulting  in  the  seizure  of  about  575  gallons  of  liquor.  The  wis- 
dom of  appointing  a  police  matron  is  clearly  shown  in  the  report 
of  Mrs.  Lane.  There  were  236  arrests  of  women,  which  was  said 
to  be  unusually  small  in  number  in  comparison  with  license  years. 
There  were  129  arrests  for  drunkenness  and  45  for  keeping  liquor. 

In  1891  the  office  of  detective  was  changed  to  that  of  inspector. 
The  reason  was  that  for  a  few  years  previous,  several  detective 
agencies  had  started  up,  and  their  work  was  of  such  a  questionable 
character  that  it  lowered  the  standard  of  legitimate  detective  work. 
During  that  year  William  J.  E.  Stone  and  Romanzo  Thayer, 
patrolmen  attached  to  Station  i,  were  detailed  for  special  duty, 
and  Officer  Stone  was  appointed  inspector  the  following  year  on 
recommendation  of  City  Marshal  Washburn.  Inspector  Reuben 
M.  Colby  resigned  Sept.  28,  1891,  on  account  of  sickness,  and 
died  a  few  years  later  in  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Chelsea.  Patrick 
Diggins  of  Station  2  died  July  16,  and  Charles  F.  Gould  and  Gus- 
taf  Fyrberg  were  appointed  to  the  force  Oct.  12. 

The  last  report  by  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Washburn  was  in 
1892,  he  being  succeeded  the  following  year  by  Maj.  E.  T.  Ray- 
mond. His  appointment  was  made  by  Mayor  Henry  A.  Marsh. 
There  were  in  the  department  during  the  year  89  patrolmen,  a 
total  of  the  rank  and  file  of  107  members,  75  at  Station  I  and  32  at 
Station  2.  That  year  an  order  was  adopted  in  the  City  Council 
without  much  opposition  directing  the  city  physician  "to  examine 
all  members  of  the  force,  except  the  city  marshal  and  assistant 
marshals,  as  to  their  physical  qualifications  for  the  positions." 
March  16  Patrolmen  Marshall  S.  Green,  William  Finneran, 


BOARD    OF    DIRECTORS    OF    THE    WORCESTER    POLICE    RELIEF    ASSO 
CIATIOX    FROM    1898    TO    1900. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  141 

Michael  J.  O'Connell  and  Nicholas  J.  Mooney  were  discharged  for 
being  physically  disqualified,  and  Joseph  H.  Flint,  Henry  H.  Me- 
corney,  Elliott  Tyler  and  Sylvanus  G.  Bullock,  found  physically 
defective,  were  reduced  to  the  duties  and  pay  of  doormen.  Their 
pay  was  fixed  at  $600  a  year,  but  upon  petition  it  was  later  raised, 
but  not  to  the  standard  of  a  patrolman.  Patrick  E.  Ratigan, 
doorman  at  Station  2,  died  Dec.  22,  1892,  and  Freeman  H.  Samp- 
son of  Station  i  died  Sept.  28.  Officer  David  Goggin  was  de- 
tailed to  the  Board  of  Health  during  a  small-pox  outbreak,  and 
has  since  been  connected  with  that  board.  Officers  William  Law- 
rence, Wyman  S.  White  and  Edward  S.  Crowell  resigned  in  1892, 
and  Michael  Deady,  Michael  J.  Sullivan  and  John  F.  Beahn  left 
the  force. 

With  the  inauguration  of  Mayor  Henry  A.  Marsh  in  1893,  came 
the  appointment  of  Maj.  E.  T.  Raymond  as  city  marshal.  He  had 
been  clerk  of  the  Central  District  Court  for  many  years,  but  in 
a  change  of  administration  a  Democrat  was  appointed  to  his 
place.  He  had  the  training  of  a  soldier,  being  a  veteran  of  the 
Civil  \Var,  and  introduced  much  discipline  that  was  new  to  the  de- 
partment. He  was  active,  and  in  his  four  years'  connection  with 
the  department  had  remarkable  success.  He  went  out  of  office 
with  a  good  record  as  an  executive  officer  and  superintendent  of 
police.  He  was  the  last  city  marshal  and  the  first  chief  of  police 
Worcester  had,  for  during  his  connection  with  the  office  the  city 
charter  was  accepted,  which  made  many  changes  in  the  several 
departments,  one  of  them  being  a  change  of  name  from  city  mar- 
shal to  chief  of  police.  In  Chief  Raymond's  administration  regu- 
lar drills  were  introduced  and  successfully  carried  out,  and  there 
was  an  infusion  of  new  life  into  the  department.  The  department 
took  on  many  military  ideas,  and  the  style  of  uniform  was 
changed.  The  effect  of  these  changes  was  healthy,  and  to-day 
the  department  is  better  for  his  connection  with  it.  He  gave  more 
of  his  time  to  it  than  was  absolutely  needed,  not  feeling  to  take 
the  time  for  a  vacation,  but  his  active  interest  resulted  in  success- 
ful work  by  his  officers.  He  enjoyed  going  out  to  make  an  arrest 
with  some  of  the  officials.  He  made  several,  including  a  mur- 
derer, and  felt  a  pride  in  the  department  whenever  a  kind  word 
was  said  of  it. 

City  Marshal  Raymond  recommended  two  new  stations,  one  to 
be  located  in  the  vicinity  of  Shrewsbury  street.  Earlv  in  his  ad- 


142  History  of  Police  Department, 

ministration  the  ambulance  used  for  the  transfer  of  sick  persons 
was  turned  over  to  the  custody  of  the  trustees  of  the  City  Hospi- 
tal. The  Police  Department  continued  to  care  for  the  emergency 
cases,  of  which  there  have  been  enough  to  keep  it  fairly  busy, 
being  an  average  of  one  a  day.  Legislation  was  begun  by  Chief 
Raymond  to  check  the  speed  made  through  the  public  streets  by 
trolley-cars,  and  officers  were  detailed  to  watch  the  speed  of  cars 
on  lines  within  the  city  limits.  This  resulted  in  several  cases 
being  heard  in  court  relative  to  cars  running  in  speed  exceeding 
that  allowed  by  law.  He  also  recommended  an  ordinance  pro- 
hibiting riding  bicycles  on  sidewalks,  and  his  recommendations 
were  heeded  by  the  City  Council.  The  report  of  the  matron  for 
1892  showed  446  arrests,  372  of  them  being  for  drunkenness. 
Michael  J.  Healey  of  Station  2  died  June  4,  and  William  H.  John- 
son, so  long  stationed  at  Union  Station,  resigned  after  serving  the 
department  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

In  1894  the  total  force  of  the  department  was  119  persons,  of 
whom  99  were  patrolmen.  The  deputy  chiefs  of  police  were 
Amos  Atkinson  and  F.  C.  Thayer.  This  year  Maj.  Raymond 
changed  the  name  of  his  official  title  from  city  marshal  to  chief  of 
police,  and  the  assistant  marshals  became  deputy  chiefs  of  police. 
The  enlargement  of  the  headquarters,  which  seven  years  before 
had  been  thought  ample  for  the  department  for  many  years,  was 
recommended ;  also  building  a  stable  in  the  rear  of  the  building, 
and  providing  sleeping  quarters.  He  argued  that  men  should 
sleep  in  the  station-house,  in  case  of  a  riot,  or  any  occasion  where 
policemen  were  required  quickly.  No  provision  could  be  made  at 
that  time,  and  there  was  added  to  the  fire-alarm  system  a  riot-call, 
which  is  known  as  box  444,  but  never  has  been  used.  For  use  of 
the  department  the  City  Council  appropriated  $114,000,  and  the 
revenue  from  other  sources  amounted  to  $6,000,  giving  the  de- 
partment $120,000  for  its  use.  The  pay-roll  was  $111,195.  There 
were  during  the  year  4,200  arrests,  of  which  number  2,747  were 
for  drunkenness,  and  the  report  of  the  police  matron  showed  323 
arrests. 

There  were  four  additions  to  the  force  in  1895.  James  S. 
O'Connor  died  on  Sept.  9,  and  Bellville  R.  Hunter  was  killed  at 
Brunswick,  Me.,  on  the  night  of  August  12,  the  first  day  of  his 
vacation,  while  walkmg  on  the  railroad-track  from  the  depot  to 
the  home  of  a  relative,  after  the  arrival  of  the  train  from  Boston. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  143 

Sept.  15  Officer  Fred  E.  Fisher  resigned  from  the  force  to  go  into 
another  business,  and  James  H.  Connor  was  dropped  from  the 
force.  Early  in  the  summer  there  was  complaint  from  farmers 
living  in  the  suburban  districts  against  fruit-thieves,  and  an  officer 
was  detailed  for  mounted  duty.  An  appropriation  of  $400  was 
asked  for  to  provide  for  mounted  officers  in  1896.  The  needs  of 
an  officer  whose  duty  it  should  be  to  inspect  licensed  places, 
brokers,  junk-dealers,  and  second-hand  clothing-dealers,  also 
hacks  and  job  wagons,  were  shown  and  an  extra  man  asked  for. 
It  resulted  in  detailing  Officer  Herbert  J.  Fisher  as  inspector  of 
junk.  That  year  Chief  Raymond  made  a  strong  recommendation 
in  favor  of  the  reorganization  of  the  department.  He  claimed 
there  were  two  deputy  chiefs  of  police,  but  both  had  the  same 
authority,  and  there  was  need  of  but  one ;  that  he  be  moved  to  the 
office  of  the  chief  of  police,  and  a  day-captain  be  appointed  for 
office-duty.  This  recommendation  was  considered  by  the  City 
Council,  and  was  also  recommended  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R.  Sprague. 
The  recommendation  was  also  made  that  the  force  properly  or- 
ganized should  consist  of  one  chief  of  police,  one  deputy  chief  of 
police,  and  for  Station  i  an  addition  of  one  lieutenant  and  one 
sergeant.  This  was  renewed  in  1896,  and  the  reorganization  came 
in  1897. 

In  1896  the  bicycle-squad  came  into  existence.  Officer  George 
H.  Hill,  who  was  appointed  on  the  force  in  1893,  was  assigned  to 
bicycle-duty  June  n,  his  territory  being  confined  to  Institute"park 
and  Park  avenue.  The  City  Council  passed  an  ordinance  limit- 
ing the  speed  of  bicycles  in  parks  and  public  streets,  and  for  a  few 
days  the  police-books  showed  frequent  arrests  made  by  Officer 
Hill  on  his  bicycle.  This  action  had  a  good  effect,  for  as  soon 
as  riders  knew  that  an  officer  was  detailed  for  that  duty,  fast 
riding  ceased,  and  the  days  of  the  "scorcher"  on  the  avenue  and 
in  the  parks  ended.  Before  the  end  of  the  season  other  riders 
were  added  to  the  force,  and  the  reform  inaugurated  by  Chief 
Raymond  has  been  in  force  since,  the  number  of  riders  being  in- 
creased yearly. 

In  April,  1896,  Officer  Hill  arrested  Edward  Kelley  for  at- 
tempted burglary.  Chief  of  Police  Raymond  issued  an  order 
commending  him  for  his  work,  and  posted  an  order  in  the  guard- 
room of  both  stations.  It  is  the  only  instance  in  the  history  of 
the  department  where  such  an  order  was  issued.  It  reads : 


JAMES  T. JOHNSON. 

_        P  R.  E.  S  I  D  E.MT  . 

'i'v  twr" 


I  J  AM  E S  .   O'CON 

O  I   f^.E  CT 


BOARD    OF     DIRECTORS    OF    THE    WORCESTER    POLICE    RELIEF    ASSO- 
CIATION,   1900. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  145 

DEPARTMENT  OF  POLICE. 
Worcester,  Mass.,  April  4,  1896. 
Gen.  Order  No.  31. 

The  discovery  and  capture  of  three  men  for  breaking  and  entering  on  the 
night  of  April  3,  by  Patrolman  George  H.  Hill,  deserves  special  notice,  and 
for  the  energy,  zeal  and  courage  displayed,  Patrolman  Hill  is  hereby  ten- 
dered the  commendaticfn  and  thanks  of  the  chief  of  this  department. 

This  order  will  be  read  by  the  officers  in  charge  of  the  stations  to  each 

relief. 

By  order  of 

E.  T.  RAYMOND, 

Chief  of  Police. 

In  his  report  of  1896  relative  to  the  reorganization  of  the  de- 
partment, Chief  of  Police  Raymond  said :  "The  present  organiza- 
tion has  been  in  existence  since  1848,  nearly  fifty  years,  and  what- 
ever merits  it  may  have  had,  it  is  to-day  cumbersome  and  top- 
heavy.  For  the  best  interests  of  the  Police  Department,  this 
subject  should  receive  careful  consideration.  If  the  present  or- 
ganization is  to  continue,  I  earnestly  recommend  that  the  appoint- 
ing-power  designate  one  of  the  two  deputies  as  first  deputy,  in 
order  that  in  the  absence  of  the  chief  the  responsibility  may  fall 
upon  some  one  certain  officer."  With  this  recommendation  Chief 
of  Police  Raymond  resigned  at  the  close  of  the  year  to  go  back  to 
his  former  position  of  clerk  of  the  Central  District  Court,  which 
he  now  holds,  but  he  never  has  lost  his  interest  in  the  department 
which  had  such  a  fascination  for  him. 

The  reorganization  of  the  department  came  with  the  beginning 
of  Mayor  Sprague's  second  term  in  1897,  Deputy  Chief  of  Police 
F.  C.  Thayer  being  dropped,  and  Deputy  Chief  of  Police  Amos 
Atkinson  was  transferred  to  duty  in  the  office  of  the  chief  of 
police.  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews  was  transferred  from  night  to 
day  duty,  and  at  Station  i  Sergt.  James  T.  Johnson  was  detailed 
to  the  night-captain's  desk.  Dec.  14,  1896,  an  order  passed  the 
City  Council,  after  several  weeks'  consideration,  adopting  a 
graded  system  for  the  department.  By  this  order  the  pay  of 
patrolmen  was  advanced  from  $2.50  to  $2.75  a  day,  the  latter 
amount  being  paid  patrolmen  who  had  been  two  years  in  the 
department.  The  graded  system  provided  for  $2.25  a  day  for 
first-year  men,  $2.50  for  second-year  men,  and  $2.75  for  men  on 
the  force  three  years  or  longer.  The  new  scale  of  salaries  was 
ordered  to  go  into  operation  Dec.  i,  1896.  The  reorganization 
was  completed  April  5,  1897,  by  these  appointments  by  Mayor 
Sprague:  Sergt.  James  T.  Johnson  of  Station  i,  promoted  to 


I46  History  of  Police  Department, 

lieutenant ;  Sergt.  Matthew  J.  Walsh  of  Station  2,  promoted  to 
lieutenant;  Patrolman  George  H.  Hill  of  Station  i,  promoted  to 
sergeant;  Patrolman  Walter  N.  Drohan  of  Station  i,  promoted  to 
sergeant. 

In  1897  Col.  James  M.  Drennan,  who  had  served  several  years 
as  city  marshal,  and  a  deputy  sheriff  for  many  years,  returned  to 
the  department  as  its  chief.  The  same  careful  system  which 
characterized  his  early  connection  with  the  police  was  carried  out. 
He  introduced  some  reforms,  but  in  the  course  of  his  adminis- 
tration of  three  years  the  police  worked  upon  general  lines 
adopted  earlier  in  the  decade  by  Chief  of  Police  Raymond.  In 
his  first  report  he  said :  "After  an  absence  of  thirteen  years,  I  was 
again  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  department,  and  during 
those  years  I  have  kept  well  in  touch  with  the  force  and  its  work. 
In  my  report  of  thirteen  years  ago,  I  stated  that  as  a  matter  of 
necessity  the  organization  of  the  department  should  be  changed 
to  consist  of  chief,  deputy  chief,  captains,  lieutenants,  inspectors, 
sergeants  and  patrolmen,  and  after  all  these  years  of  running  in 
the  old  ruts,  I  have  had  the  honor  and  pleasure  of  putting  in  force 
the  long-hoped-for  change."  He  also  recommended  that  there 
be  some  form  of  punishment  for  the  infringement  of  police  rules 
and  regulations  other  than  dismissal  or  being  allowed  to  resign ; 
he  recommended  the  appointment  of  ten  additional  officers  and 
establishment  of  a  new  police  signal  service ;  he  made  a  lengthy 
recommendation  for  a  police  pension  system  applying  to  members 
of  the  department  who  had  been  in  continuous  service  for  twenty- 
five  years  or  more ;  he  suggested  the  money  received  from  the  pa- 
trolmen for  extra  duty  and  for  licenses  be  applied  to  a  pension 
fund,  and  that  the  officers  retired  with  pensions  be  termed  a  veter- 
an reserve  corps,  a  custom  followed  in  New  Haven,  where  the  de- 
partment is  much  larger  than  Worcester  and  the  city  smaller.  At 
the  close  of  Chief  Drennan's  first  year  the  force  had  130  persons, 
of  whom  108  were  patrolmen.  The  pay-roll  of  the  department  was 
$129,384,  and  the  total  cost  of  running  it  was  $137,646.  In  1897 
Patrick  Collins  and  Joseph  H.  Flint  resigned  from  the  force,  and 
Moses  Thayer  and  Joseph  A.  Toupin  were  dismissed.  Joseph  H. 
Flint  had  been  a  member  of  the  department  since  1856,  and  re- 
signed on  account  of  sickness. 

In  1898  there  were  seven  men  appointed,  increasing  the  force 
to  112  patrolmen.  In  June,  1898,  the  License  Board  was 
organized,  of  which  Chief  of  Police  Drennan  was  chairman.  The 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  147 

other  members  were  E.  L.  Vaughn,  chief  of  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment, and  James  C.  Coffey,  clerk  of  the  Board  of  Health.  This 
board  took  from  the  aldermen  many  duties,  and  in  granting 
licenses  and  permits  is  governed  largely  by  the  reports  of  Herbert 
J.  Fisher,  inspector  of  junk.  This  year  Officers  Michael  F.  Ken- 
nedy and  Daniel  L.  Lamson  were  dropped  from  the  force,  Officer 
Jeremiah  J.  Moynihan  went  to  Cuba  as  captain  of  the  Emmet 
Guards,  in  the  9th  Regiment  of  Volunteers,  and  Officer  Andrew 
J.  Benson  died  April  29.  He  was  a  member  of  the  department 
since  May  8,  1893.  Early  in  the  year  Mayor  Rufus  B.  Dodge,  Jr., 
who  succeeded  Mayor  A.  B.  R.  Sprague,  recommended  that  the 
office  of  chief  of  police  be  made  permanent. 

In  1898  the  police  had  three  days  which  tested  the  ability  of  the 
department  in  handling  crowds,  but  it  was  successfully  done. 
These  days  were  when  the  Worcester  companies  of  the  2d  and  9th 
Regiments  of  Volunteers  left  for  camp  and  the  day  when  the  com- 
panies of  the  2d  Regiment  returned.  Late  in  the  year  1898  the 
department  took  possession  of  the  Fire  Department  building  ad- 
joining the  police  building,  and  it  is  used  as  a  dormitory  and 
stable  for  the  ambulance  service.  The  custom  was  established 
several  months  later  of  detailing  five  men  from  each  relief  to  sleep 
in  the  dormitory  when  going  off  duty  at  i  o'clock  in  the  morning. 
In  closing  his  report  for  the  year,  Chief  Drennan  said  :  "A  number 
of  officers  are  entitled  to  honorable  mention  for  meritorious  and 
courageous  acts  during  the  year.  Men  who  can  enter  a  building 
in  the  night-time  and  capture  a  burglar  single-handed  have  what 
may  be  termed  'Hobson  courage,'  and  have  well  established  them- 
selves in  the  estimation  of  their  officers  and  comrades  as  brave 
men.  We  were  visited  by  a  gang  of  burglars  for  a  short  time  in 
midsummer,  and  after  doing  us  some  damage,  and  while  the 
officers  were  closing  in  on  them,  they  visited  North  Grafton  to  rob 
the  post-office.  While  there,  thanks  to  the  brave  officers  of  that 
town,  the  gang  met  its  Waterloo.  One  was  killed  outright,  two 
others  arrested,  and  one  other  of  the  gang  was  arrested  by  the 
officers  of  this  department,  and  since  they  were  broken  up  we  have 
had  no  further  trouble." 

In  1899  two  appointments  were  made,  Frank  P.  A.  Gilchrist 
and  Albert  C.  Moulton,  both  on  June  13.  A  year  later  Officer 
Moulton  resigned  to  go  into  other  business.  A  surgeon  was 
added  to  the  department  for  ambulance  duty  and  two  ambulance 
drivers  were  added,  the  City  Council  having  placed  the  entire 


PATROLMEN. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  149 

ambulance  system  under  the  supervision  of  the  Police  Depart- 
ment. Officer  B.  C.  Dustin  resigned,  and  Charles  A.  Garland  and 
Thomas  C.  Cummings  died,  the  former  Sept.  13,  1899,  and  the 
latter  Oct.  29.  Both  were  attached  to  Station  i  at  the  time  of  their 
death,  and  Officer  Garland  had  worn  number  I  badge  since  the 
resignation  of  Officer  J.  H.  Flint  several  years  before.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Blake  in  1868,  and  with  the  exception  of  one 
year  served  until  his  death.  He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War, 
serving  for  three  years  in  Co.  C,  25th  Massachusetts  Volunteer 
Infantry.  Officer  Cummings  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Reed  Jan. 
7,  1884,  and  served  continuously  until  his  death.  During  the 
spring  of  1899,  Station  i  was  damaged  by  a  fire.  It  was  renovated 
and  new  sanitary  appliances  were  put  in.  The  adjoining  building 
was  equipped  as  a  dormitory  and  surgeon's  department.  This 
year  the  department  cared  for  12,000  lodgers,  and  at  Welcome 
Mission  there  were  lodged  8,000,  a  total  of  20,000  wanderers  who 
found  shelter  in  the  city.  The  new  signal  service  was  put  into 
operation  in  September,  1899.  The  average  number  of  arrests  for 
drunkenness  since  1892  was  3,000  a  year. 

The  report  of  Police  Matron  Sawtelle  showed  for  1899  362  ar- 
rests, 24  lodgers,  2  persons  detained,  43  neglected  children,  71  lost 
children  and  16  insane  women  cared  for,  and  7  runaway  children 
detained,  a  total  of  525  women  and  children  who  came  under  her 
personal  supervision.  The  pay-roll  for  1899  was  $135,557.26,  and 
the  total  expenses  were  $158,656.02.  The  property  in  the  care  of 
the  chief  of  police  included  $875  personal  in  the  chief's  office,  $13,- 
644  on  Lamartine  street,  $2,981  in  the  stables,  $10,770  in  the 
guard-room,  $42  in  the  cell-room,  $65  in  the  captain's  office,  $135 
in  the  matron's  rooms,  $75  in  the  surgeon's  rooms,  $173  in  the 
dormitory,  $237  in  the  inspectors'  office,  and  $314  at  Station  2,  a 
total  valuation  of  $29,311.  As  a  farewell  recommendation  Chief 
Drennan  urged  a  police  commission  and  pension  system. 

There  are  fifteen  patrolmen  and  doormen  who  were  appointed 
to  the  force  more  than  twenty  years  ago.  They  are  Edson  Fair- 
banks, appointed  Jan.  i,  1873;  Elliott  Tyler,  appointed  Jan.  i, 
1873;  William  A.  Piper,  appointed  Jan.  17,  1873;  Addison  March, 
appointed  Jan.  17,  1873;  James  M.  Maloney,  appointed  July  17, 
1873;  George  V.  Barker,  appointed  Jan.  i,  1872;  Charles  W.  Bar- 
ker, appointed  Sept.  17,  1872;  David  Goggin,  appointed  Jan.  6, 
1873;  Henry  H.  Mecorney,  appointed  Jan.  i,  1875;  Orrin  A. 
Johnson,  appointed  Jan.  i,  1879;  Daniel  McCarthy,  appointed 


150  History  of  Police  Department, 

Jan.  i,  1879;  Henry  B.  Streeter,  appointed  Jan.  i,  1873;  Samuel 
W.  Ward,  appointed  Jan.  i,  1879;  Michael  J.  Foley,  appointed 
Jan.  i,  1874;  Robert  F.  Mathews,  appointed  Jan.  7,  1879. 

Important  changes  in  the  department  were  made  May  i,  1899, 
when  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews  of  Station  i  was  transferred  to 
Station  2,  and  Capt.  Sumner  W.  Ranger  went  from  Station  2  to 
Station  i.  Sergts.  Thomas  McMurray  and  Walter  N.  Drohan  of 
Station  i  exchanged  places  with  Sergts.  William  Hickey  and  John 
W.  Warren  of  Station  2. 

In  1900  William  J.  E.  Stone,  who  had  been  an  inspector  since 
1891,  succeeded  Chief  of  Police  James  M.  Drennan,  his  appoint- 
ment being  made  by  Mayor  Rufus  B.  Dodge,  Jr.  Chief  Stone  is 
the  youngest  man  who  has  held  the  office.  The  department  to- 
day numbers  118  patrolmen,  and  its  total  strength  is  137  persons. 
Of  this  number  34  men  are  veterans  of  the  Civil  War  and  i  of  the 
American-Spanish  War.  The  veterans  are  as  follows :  Clerk 
William  L.  Robinson,  navy ;  Capt.  David  A.  Matthews,  3d  and  5th 
Massachusetts  Batteries  and  8th  United  States  Cavalry ;  Sylvanus 
G.  Bullock,  25th  Massachusetts  Regiment;  William  A.  Piper,  ist 
New  Hampshire  Cavalry;  Henry  W.  Butler,  ist  Connecticut  Cav- 
alry ;  James  Donahue,  7th  New  York  Infantry ;  John  Keyes,  36th 
Massachusetts  Regiment;  John  Legasey,  i5th  Massachusetts 
Regiment;  Addison  March,  2ist  Massachusetts  Regiment; 
Samuel  W.  Ward,  25th  Massachusetts  Regiment;  Charles  W. 
Barker,  navy;  Michael  Cody,  navy;  Michael  G.  Donahoe,  i7th 
Massachusetts  Regiment  and  4th  Massachusetts  H.  A. ;  Edson 
Fairbanks,  3d  Massachusetts  Rifles  and  5 ist  Massachusetts  Regi- 
ment ;  Michael  J.  Foley,  5oth  Massachusetts  Regiment  and  Co.  F, 
4th  Massachusetts  H.  A.;  Joseph  Midgley,  5 ist  Massachusetts 
Regiment ;  Frank  W.  Millett,  2d  Maine  Cavalry ;  Genery  T.  Dar- 
ling, 1 5th  New  York  Regiment;  Jeremiah  J.  Moynihan,  captain 
G  Co.,  9th  Massachusetts  Regiment  of  Volunteers  in  Cuba  in 
1898;  Chandler  J.  Pike,  7th  Massachusetts  Regiment;  John  J. 
Flaherty,  navy ;  Charles  F.  Gould,  34th  Massachusetts  Regiment ; 
George  W.  Hall,  25th  Massachusetts  Regiment;  William  H. 
Mason,  2d  Massachusetts  H.  A. ;  Robert  F.  Mathews,  3d  Massa- 
chusetts Battery ;  John  H.  Walker,  3d  Massachusetts  H.  A. ; 
Lieut.  Matthew  J.  Walsh,  a  New  York  regiment ;  Sergt.  John  W. 
Warren,  2 ist  Massachusetts  Regiment;  Sergt.  William  Hickey, 
3d  Battalion  Rifles  (old  Emmet  Guards)  and  navy ;  George  V. 
Barker,  42d  Massachusetts  Regiment;  Peter  J.  O'Marrah,  37th 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  151 

New  York  Regiment ;  James  M.  Quimby,  2d  New  Hampshire 
Regiment ;  Patrick  F.  Ryan,  4th  Massachusetts  Cavalry. 

Since  Jan.  i,  1900,  there  have  been  added  to  the  force  Thomas 
J.  Kelleher,  George  A.  Jackson,  Pierce  P.  Power,  Richard  J.  Ker- 
wick  and  John  H.  Walker,  the  latter  being  from  the  veteran  civil- 
service  list.  The  pay-roll  of  the  department  last  year  was  $135,- 
500,  and  the  total  expense,  including  the  cost  of  the  signal  service, 
was  $158,656. 

The  attempt  to  establish  a  pension  system  for  the  police  began 
in  1891,  and  will  be  carried  into  the  new  century.  Discussion  in 
a  general  way  has  been  going  on  since  the  force  was  made  per- 
manent in  1888  by  Mayor  Samuel  Winslow.  It  did  not  take  active 
form  until  1891,  when  an  order  was  introduced  into  the  City 
Council  providing  for  a  physical  examination  of  the  members  -of 
the  force.  The  organization  of  the  Worcester  Police  Relief  As- 
sociation in  1887  was  the  first  relief  measure  that  had  been  put 
into  force  by  the  department.  The  action  of  the  City  Council  in 
recommending  the  examination  was  done  in  a  spirit  which  led  the 
members  of  the  force  to  believe  the  city  had  in  mind  the  ac- 
ceptance of  a  bill  providing  for  a  pension  system.  This  did  not 
prove  to  be  the  case,  however,  and  rather  than  submit  to  the  in- 
dignity of  being  dropped  as  a  result  of  physical  defects,  several  of 
the  force  resigned  before  the  examinations  were  made. 

The  general  police  pension  bill  introduced  into  the  Legislature 
in  1892  provided  for  pensioning  police  of  cities  of  75,000  inhabi- 
tants and  over  for  all  who  had  served  fifteen  years  or  longer  who 
had  become  physically  incapacitated  by  police  duty.  The  force 
had  reason  to  expect  that  this  pension  law  would  not  be  opposed 
by  the  city  government  and  eventually  would  be  accepted  by  the 
city.  The  argument  favoring  the  examination  of  policemen  was 
based  upon  the  fact  that  this  bill  was  before  the  Legislature. 
When  the  bill  came  before  the  legislative  committee  for  a  hear- 
ing, Mayor  F.  A.  Harrington  went  before  it  in  opposition,  acting 
under  the  instructions  of  the  City  Council.  Nicholas  J.  Mooney, 
who  fell  a  victim  to  the  examination  by  reason  of  imperfect  eye- 
sight, was  at  the  hearing  in  support  of  the  bill  and  opposed  Mayor 
Harrington.  The  bill  became  a  law,  but  Worcester  did  not  ac- 
cept its  provisions.  For  several  years  the  movement  slumbered, 
but  has  recently  been  revived.  Councilman  N.  J.  Mooney  had  an 
order  brought  before  the  Police  Committee  several  years  ago  to 
consider  the  advisability  of  accepting  the  pension  bill,  but  it  died 


PATIIOLMEN. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  153 

in  committee.  The  latest  attempt  to  get  the  City  Council  to  ac- 
cept its  provisions  was  made  in  1899  by  Councilman  John  H, 
Meagher  of  Ward  3,  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Police.  Hfs 
order  passed  both  branches  of  the  City  Council,  but  further  con- 
sideration was  not  urged.  The  police  have  come  to  believe  pa- 
tience a  virtue  that  needs  cultivation,  and  feel  satisfied  that  some 
future  city  council  will  place  them  on  an  equal  footing  with  other 
cities  in  the  country  by  the  adoption  of  a  pension  system. 

The  city  marshals  and  chiefs  of  police  since  the  incorporation 
of  Worcester  as  a  city  have  been:  George  Jones,  i848-'49-'5o-'5i 
and  '52;  Alvan  Allen,  1853;  Lovell  Baker,  1854;  Jonathan  Day, 
1855;  Frederic  \Varren,  i856-'57  and  '58;  J.  Waldo  Denny,  part 
of  1858;  William  S.  Lincoln,  1859;  Ivers  Phillips,  1860;  Levi 
Barker,  1861  ;  William  E.  Starr,  1862;  Charles  B.  Pratt,  i863-'64 
and  '65;  Joseph  B.  Knox,  1866;  A.  B.  R.  Sprague,  1867,  six 
weeks;  James  M.  Drennan,  i867-'68-'69-'7o-'7i-'8o-'8i-'82-'97- 
'98  and  '99;  Jonathan  B.  Sibley,  1872;  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  1873- 
775-'76-'77-'78-'79-'83-'86-'87-'88-'89-'9CK9i  and  '92;  A.  Davis 
Pratt,  1874;  Amos  Atkinson,  1884  and  '85 ;  Edward  T.  Raymond, 
4-'95  and  '96;  William  J.  E.  Stone,  1900. 


There  has  been  no  need  to  draw  on  the  imagination  in  writing 
the  history  of  the  Worcester  Police  Department,  as  truth  is  not 
only  stranger,  but  more  profitable  than  fiction.  The  duties  of  the 
police  officer  afford  peculiar  opportunities  for  the  study  of  hu- 
man nature,  presenting  a  wide  field  not  only  for  the  pen  of  the 
novelist,  but  for  the  hand  of  the  philanthropist.  The  Worcester 
department  can  safely  rest  upon  its  record,  which  is  as  creditable 
as  could  be  desired.  No  city  has  had  better  success  in  bringing 
criminals  to  justice,  and  the  examination  of  authorities  of  noto- 
rious criminals  finds  the  names  of  many  who  have  temporarily,"  at 
least,  reached  the  end  of  their  career  within  the  borders  of  the 
Heart  of  the  Commonwealth.  The  expense  of  maintaining  this 
strong  right  arm  of  the  civil  government  is  not  extravagant,  com- 
pared with  cities  of  a  like  population.  The  work  done  compares 
favorably  with  that  in  larger  cities  where  the  department  is 
larger  and  the  expenses  considerably  higher.  The  cost  in  com- 
parison with  the  work  has  not  been  great.  The  department  has 
been  a  prominent  factor  in  the  development  of  Greater  Worcester, 
the  most  cosmopolitan  city  in  the  United  States.  The  foreign- 


154  History  of  Police  Department, 

born  population  is  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  entire  population  of  the 
city,  and  in  view  of  the  many  factions  from  many  climes,  crime  of 
a  serious  nature  is  comparatively  small.  The  puritanical  ideas  of 
government  have  not  been  completely  eliminated,  and  an  occa- 
sional wave  of  reform  floats  over  the  Heart  of  the  Common- 
wealth, creating  interest  for  a  brief  period,  then  passes  on.  There 
have  been  no  great  sensations  in  Worcester  since  its  incorpora- 
tion as  a  city.  The  steady  work  of  the  department  has  been  its 
feature.  Strikes  and  riots  have  been  few  in  number.  In  1868  ihe 
Yale-Harvard  crews  rowed  their  last  race  on  Lake  Quinsiga- 
rnond,  and  the  excitement  that  followed  the  victory  is  not  forgot- 
ten by  the  policemen  who  took  part  in  the  turbulent  scenes  at  the 
Bay  State  House  and  on  Main  street  the  evening  following  the 
race ;  the  Butler  political  convention  in  Mechanics  Hall  in  1883  is 
one  of  the  incidents  in  the  work  of  the  department  that  is 
frequently  referred  to  in  the  line  of  riots.  Strikes  have  caused 
little  trouble.  Work  was  done  by  the  police  at  the  strike  of  S.  R. 
Hey  wood's  shoe  factory  in  1887,  there  was  some  excitement  at 
the  time  of  the  Crispin  strike,  and  on  two  occasions  the  police 
have  been  sent  out  of  the  city  to  guard  property  threatened  by 
strikers.  A  detail  went  to  Millville  in  1883  to  protect  the  rubber 
works,  and  a  squad  went  to  Cambridge  in  1887  for  duty  at  the 
street-railway  strike. 

With  the  dawn  of  the  new  century  the  Worcester  Police  De- 
partment, with  its  youngest  executive,  looks  back  over  a  half  cen- 
tury to  review  a  record  of  which  the  city  can  well  be  proud. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  1 5  5 

CHAPTER    X. 
THESE  ARE  THE  LEADERS. 

Mayor  Rufus  B.  Dodge,  Jr.'s,  Long  Familiarity  with  Police  Work — W.  J. 
E.  Stone's  Success  as  Patrolman  and  Inspector — Deputy  Chief  Amos 
Atkinson  in  Department  More  than  Thirty  Years  — Capt.  D.  A.  Matthews' 
Brave  Record  as  Indian-Fighter— Capt.  S.  W.  Ranger's  Connection  with 
Clark  Murder-Case — Police  Committee  of  1900. 

The  appointments  of  chief  of  police  and  deputy  chief  of  police 
are  made  by  the  mayor.  With  them  is  left  detail  of  the  manage- 
ment of  the  department,  but  he  is  directly  responsible  for  their 
official  acts.  Error  of  judgment  by  them  reflects  upon  his  admin- 
istration. For  this  reason  the  mayor  necessarily  exercises  his 
best  judgment  in  the  appointment  of  his  chief  of  police.  The 
officials  responsible  for  the  work  of  the  department  are  well 
known  to  the  people  of  Worcester,  having  been  in  active  service 
upward  of  fifteen  years. 

MAYOR    RUFUS    B.    DODGE,    JR. 

Rufus  B.  Dodge,  Jr.,  the  youngest  man  elected  to  the  office  of 
mayor  of  Worcester,  was  born  in  Charlton  Nov.  24,  1861.  His 
father,  Hon.  Rufus  B.  Dodge,  who  still  lives  in  Charlton,  although 
feeble  in  health,  was  a  member  of  the  state  Senate  at  that  time. 
His  boyhood  days  were  passed  on  the  farm  in  his  country  home, 
and  he  attended  the  common  schools  of  that  town,  taking  subse- 
quently a  course  in  Nichols  Academy  at  Dudley.  In  1881,  when 
a  minor,  being  only  twenty  years  of  age,  the  people  of  his  native 
town  elected  him  a  member  of  the  School  Committee  for  three 
years.  This  occurrence  is,  perhaps,  unparalleled  in  the  state,  but 
at  the  time  of  his  election  a  search  of  the  laws  showed  there  was 
nothing  to  prevent  the  election  of  a  minor  to  that  office. 

In  1883  Mr.  Dodge  came  to  Worcester  to  study  law,  though 
for  a  time  making  his  home  in  Charlton.  He  read  law  for  a  few 
months  in  the  local  law  office,  then  entered  the  Boston  University 
Law  School.  Taking  the  three  years'  course  in  two,  he  was 
graduated  in  1885.  He  immediately  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  in  Worcester,  which  has  since  been  his  home,  and  has  built 
up  a  business  that  has  increased  from  year  to  year.  In  1890  he 


PATROLMEN. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  157 

was  elected  a  commissioner  of  insolvency,  and  succeeded  himself 
to  the  office  in  1891  and  1892.  In  1893  he  was  elected  to  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  from  Ward  7,  and  was  reflected  in  1894  and 
1895,  being  the  president  of  the  board  the  last  year.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  valuable  members  of  the  board,  and  during  his  alder- 
manic  career  showed  good  judgment  in  matters  of  public 
importance  and  became  influential  on  matters  of  importance,  his 
opinions  being  given  valuable  consideration  by  his  colleagues.  In 
December,  1895,  he  was  candidate  of  the  Republican  party  for 
mayor,  but  on  account  of  a  disruption  in  the  ranks  of  the  party 
caused  by  a  dispute  regarding  the  seating  of  a  ward-delegation  in 
the  municipal  convention,  he  was  defeated  for  the  office  by  Gen. 
A.  B.  R.  Sprague.  In  December,  1897,  he  contested  the  office 
with  Gen.  Sprague,  and  won  by  a  decided  majority,  and  his  ma- 
jorities have  increased  the  following  two  years  of  his  reelection. 
He  was  elected  in  1899  by  the  largest  majority  ever  given  a  candi- 
date for  the  office  where  there  was  an  opponent  against  him.  He 
is  one  of  the  most  popular  men  who  ever  held  the  office,  and  has 
showed  wise  business  judgment  in  handling  the  affairs  of  the  ad- 
ministration. He  is  a  keen,  progressive,  go-ahead  Republican, 
and  is  now  regarded  one  of  the  most  prominent  of  his  party  in 
\Yorcester  county. 

When  Mayor  Dodge  was  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  he  was 
appointed  member  of  the  Police  Committee,  which  gave  him  op- 
portunity to  become  familiar  with  the  needs  of  the  department. 
Violations  of  department  rules  were  brought  before  the  committee 
before  the  city  charter  was  adopted.  This  placed  affairs  of  police 
more  directly  in  the  hands  of  the  mayor.  He  gave  the  depart- 
ment careful  study,  and  for  several  years  had  been  an  admirer  of 
Inspector  W.  J.  E.  Stone,  appointed  to  that  office  two  years  be- 
fore he  went  into  the  Board  of  Aldermen.  He  watched  the  young 
official's  progress,  and  once  remarked  to  a  friend  that  if  he  ever 
had  a  chance  he  would  "place  that  young  man  in  a  position  where 
the  people  would  see  his  real  worth/'  When  the  opportunity 
came,  he  did  not  do  as  he  intended,  appointing  Col.  James  M. 
Drennan  chief  of  police  to  succeed  himself.  In  1899  Mayor 
Dodge  decided  to  make  a  change  in  the  department,  and  without 
consulting  any  of  his  friends  selected  Inspector  Stone  for  chief  of 
police.  It  came  to  Inspector  Stone  as  such  a  surprise  he  wanted 
time  to  think  the  matter  over.  He  did  not  feel  he  was  capable  of 
assuming  so  much  responsibility,  but  being  assured  by  Mayor 


158  History  of  Police  Department, 

Dodge  that  he  had  sufficient  confidence  in  his  ability  to  manage 
the  department,  he  consented  to  take  the  position  on  condition  a 
change  was  to  be  made.  This  is  how  Inspector  Stone  stepped 
from  that  office  to  chief  of  police  without  the  asking,  or  having 
any  friends  intercede  in  his  behalf.  Mayor  Dodge  discovered 
him  and  brought  him  out,  with  the  result  that  citizens  of  Worces- 
ter are  satisfied  the  city  has  as  capable  a  chief  of  police  as  ever 
held  the  office. 

Mayor  Dodge  has  been  prominent  in  Worcester  politics  for  ten 
years,  taking  the  stump  in  the  early  part  of  the  decade  for  ex- 
Congressman  Joseph  H.  Walker.  He  is  a  moderate,  clear- 
spoken,  effective  speaker,  full  of  force  and  anecdote,  and,  at  times, 
decidedly  humorous.  He  is  full  six  feet  tall,  and  when  he  draws 
himself  up  to  his  full  height  and  starts  in  to  speak,  his  audience 
listens  with  appreciation  until  he  gets  through.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Commonwealth  and  Shaffner  Clubs,  identified  with  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  and  enjoys  hunting  and  fishing.  He  is  married, 
and  lives  in  one  of  the  new  residences  on  Massachusetts  avenue, 
the  section  on  the  west  side  recently  opened  up  by  Hon.  Stephen 
Salisbury. 

THE    POLICE    COMMITTEE. 

It  was  not  until  1895  that  a  city  council  committee  on  police  was 
created,  and  it  has  since  had  a  small  share  in  running  the  deparr- 
ment.  Until  that  time  all  matters  were  considered  by  the  mavor, 
who  personally  directed  the  city  marshal  or  chief  of  police  in  the 
matter,  although  he  appointed  an  aldermanic  committee  on  police. 
City  Marshal  W.Ansel  Washburn,  soon  after  being  appointed  at  the 
head  of  the  department,  recommended  in  his  annual  reports  the 
creation  of  a  committee  of  the  City  Council  for  the  consideration  of 
many  matters  that  were  being  introduced  in  the  council  as  the  de- 
partment was  enlarged.  The  first  Committee  on  Police  created 
was  comprised  of  members  of  the  City  Council  of  1895,  and  con- 
sisted of  Aldermen  George  W.  Coombs  and  A.  A.  White,  and 
Councilmen  E.  J.  Russell,  Charles  H.  Ellsworth  and  Nicholas  J. 
Mooney.  Councilman  Russell  had  been  warden  of  the  state 
prison  at  Charlestown,  jailer  at  the  Summer  street  jail,  and  at  the 
time  he  was  named  for  the  Committee  on  Police  was  probation  of- 
ficer, and  naturally  was  valuable  as  a  member  of  the  committee. 
Councilman  Nicholas  J.  Mooney,  who  had  served  for  many  years 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  159 

on  the  police  force,  traveling  in  the  Station  2  district,  had  also  the 
experience  to  make  his  appointment  as  a  member  of  the  commit- 
tee a  wise  choice.  It  was  customary  for  the  Police  Committee  to 
consider  cases  of  suspensions,  and  nearly  every  detail  of  the  de- 
partment was  submitted  to  its  consideration,  but  in  the  last  four  or 
five  years  cases  of  violation  of  department  rules  have  been  dealt 
with  by  the  mayor. 

The  Police  Committee  of  1900  includes  Alderman  Charles  A. 
Vaughan  of  Ward  i,  Alderman  John  R.  Back  of  Ward  6,  and 
Councilman  John  H.  Meagher  of  Ward  3,  Clarence  D.  Mixter  of 
Ward  7,  and  Olaf  G.  Hedlund  of  Ward  2. 

Alderman  Charles  A.  Vaughan,  chairman  of  the  committee,  was 
born  in  Sharon,  Vt.,  Aug.  19,  1847,  receiving  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  also  at  Thetford  Academy. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  academy,  and  came  to  Worcester  dur- 
ing the  war.  He  went  to  work  for  H.  &  A.  Palmer,  builders  and 
contractors,  to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade,  remaining  with  them 
during  his  apprenticeship  of  three  years.  He  was  foreman  for  the 
concern  twelve  years,  until  1880,  when  he  went  into  business  on 
his  own  account  as  a  builder  and  contractor.  He  has  employed 
from  fifty  to  seventy-five  men  nearly  all  the  time  he  has  been 
in  business ;  and  some  of  his  contracts  include  the  residences  of 
George  F.  Blake,  Jr.,  Gilbert  H.  Harrington,  L.  D.  Thayer,  and 
Fred  H.  Taylor.  He  built  the  Trumbull  mansion  on  Massachu- 
setts avenue,  which  is  a  reproduction  of  the  famous  Trumbull 
residence  which  stood  for  upward  of  a  century  at  Trumbull 
square,  and  was  an  early  court-house  in  Worcester.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Builders'  Exchange  and  the  Massachusetts 
State  Builders'  Association,  and  is  directo'r  of  the  National  Build- 
ers' Association.  He  has  been  on  the  Police  Committee  since  he 
was  first  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  in  1898.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings. 

Alderman  John  R.  Back  has  been  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Police  both  years  he  has  been  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Finance  and  Public  Buildings  Com- 
mittees. He  was  born  in  Worcester  April  24,  1851,  and  after 
receiving  his  education  in  the  public  schools  learned  the  machin- 
ist's trade.  He  has  for  a  long  time  been  engaged  as  a  manufac- 
turer of  machinists'  tools,  being  associated  with  the  F.  E.  Reed 


PATROLMEN. 


Worcester,   Massachusetts.  161 

Company  on  Gold  street,  and  is  superintendent  of  the  plant. 
He  was  first  elected  to  the  Common  Council  from  Ward  6  in 
1895,  and  served  on  all  the  important  committees  in  the  lower 
branch,  succeeding  Col.  E.  J.  Russell  in  the  aldermanic  board. 
He  was  member  of  the  Grade-crossing  Commission  and  the  Joint 
Committee  on  Public  Workshop,  and  for  two  years  has  been 
chairman  of  the  Joint  Standing  Committee  on  Claims.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Worcester  County  Mechanics  Association,  and  is 
also  a  director  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Councilman  John  H.  Meagher  of  Ward  3  was  born  in  Worces- 
ter Oct.  8,  1872,  son  of  Dennis  W.  Meagher.  He  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Worcester  high  school  in 
the  class  of  1891.  He  entered  the  Boston  University  School  of 
La\v  after  graduation,  and  received  his  diploma  in  1895,  grad- 
uating well  at  the  head  of  his  class.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
Dec.  25,  1895,  and  in  December  of  that  year  was  a  candidate  for 
the  Common  Council  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  being  elected  for 
one  year,  that  being  the  year  all  the  offices  expired  under  the 
new  city  charter.  He  was  reflected  in  1896  for  two  years,  and 
again  in  1898  for  a  two-years'  term,  which  expires  in  1901.  He 
succeeded  Nicholas  J.  Mooney  on  the  City  Council  Committee 
on  Police,  Mr.  Mooney  being  one  of  the  original  members  of 
the  Police  Committee.  Mr.  Meagher  is  in  the  law-office  of 
Sullivan  &  O'Connell,  and  is  an  ex-president  of  the  Wachusett 
Boat  Club,  one  of  the  most  prominent  in  the  country,  being  the 
club  which  sent  Edward  Hanlon  Ten  Eyck  to  England,  where 
he  successfully  competed  for  the  diamond  sculls  at  the  Henley 
regatta.  Mr.  Meagher  has  always  been  prominently  identified 
in  rowing.  He  is  a  member  of  Division  34,  A.  O.  H. 

Councilman  Clarence  D.  Mixter  of  Ward  7  was  born  in  Phil- 
lipston  Jan.  1 1,  1867,  and  came  to  Worcester  in  1876,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  with  the  exception  of  1888  and  1889,  when  he  lived 
in  Springfield.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  and  left  after 
passing  one  year  in  the  high  school,  giving  up  his  studies  to  enter 
the  employ  of  F.  A.  Easton  when  he  was  located  in  the  old  post- 
office  building  on  Pearl  street.  He  was  bookkeeper  for  D.  H. 
Eames  &  Co.,  at  Harrington  corner,  for  upwards  of  seven  years, 
leaving  there  Jan.  i,  1897,  to  accept  a  position  in  the  office  of  the 
Worcester  corset  factory.  He  is  a  Republican,  being  on  the  Re- 


1 62  History  of  Police  Department, 

publican    City   Committee   for   several   years,   and   in    1898   was 
treasurer  of  the  committee. 

Olaf  G.  Hedlund  of  Ward  2  was  born  in  Warmland,  Sweden, 
Feb.  15,  1858,  and  after  attending  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
country  until  fifteen  years  old,  went  to  sea  on  a  vessel  on  which 
his  father  was  commander.  He  then  served  two  years  in  the 
Swedish  army,  but  after  two  years  of  army  life  succeeded  his 
father  as  captain  of  the  vessel  on  which  he  sailed  years  before. 
He  came  to  Worcester  April  30,  1881,  and  went  to  work  in  the 
Washburn  &  Moen  wire  mill  on  Grove  street,  where  he  is  still 
employed.  He  was  vice-president  of  the  Swedish  Republican 
Club  in  1893,  and  for  three  years  was  a  member  of  the  Republican 
City  Committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  North  Star  Benefit 
Society,  for  three  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Swedish  Cemetery  Association,  and  has  been  a  director  of  the 
Swedish  Cooperative  Mercantile  Co.,  and  is  one  of  the  owners 
and  directors  of  the  Eastern  Weekly  Publishing  Co. 

CHIEF  OF  POLICE  W.  J.  E.  STONE. 

Chief  of  Police  W.  J.  E.  Stone  is  one  of  the  best  chiefs  Worces- 
ter has  had.  His  training  has  been  along  right  lines.  He 
enlisted  in  the  ranks  and  rose  by  sheer  merit  and  ability  to  the 
chief  command.  He  is  the  only  man  in  the  history  of  the  depart- 
ment who  was  appointed  to  the  office  without  first  having  served 
in  the  various  grades  of  offices,  and  was  raised  from  inspector  to 
chief,  an  innovation  in  Worcester,  but  a  custom  practiced  in  other 
cities. 

William  J.  E.  Stone  was  born  in  Providence  in  May,  1860,  son 
of  William  G.  Stone,  now  living  in  Auburn,  in  the  town  of  Cran- 
ston, R.  I.,  and  for  many  years  was  a  jeweler.  The  son  went  to 
the  public  schools  in  Providence.  When  seventeen  years  old  he 
went  to  work  for  his  uncle  as  a  loom-fixer  in  a  woolen  mill  in 
Mapleville,  R,  I.  In  1880  his  uncle,  Henry  Bailey,  and  George 
Legg  bought  the  Fox  mill,  at  the  junction  of  Green  and  Bradley 
streets  in  Worcester,  and  William  Stone  came  to  \Vorcester  that 
year  to  work  for  them.  He  worked  in  the  Fox  and  Adriatic  mills 
until  1886.  That  year  he  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Samuel  Winslow.  Two  years  later,  under  Mayor  Wins- 
low's  administration,  the  police  force  was  made  permanent,  and 
Officer  Stone  remained  on  the  force  as  a  patrolman  until  his 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  163 

appointment  as  inspector.  When  he  took  the  civil-service  exami- 
nation, heranked  high,  and  was  one  of  the  first  of  Mayor  Winslow's 
appointments.  For  seventeen  months  he  traveled  the  Lincoln- 
street  and  Laurel-hill  beats  on  the  night-relief,  and  was  then 
transferred  to  the  Union-street  beat,  which  he  traveled  three 
years.  In  the  summer  of  1890  he  was  assigned  to  special  duty 
with  Officer  Romanzo  Thayer  of  Station  i.  That  was  a  year 
of  no  license,  and  Officers  Stone  and  Thayer  devoted  considerable 
of  their  time  to  liquor-raiding.  He  was  on  this  duty  for  a  year, 
and  these  two  officers  were  considered  as  good  liquor  officers  as 
there  have  been  on  the  force. 

The  sickness  of  Inspector  Reuben  M.  Colby  and  his  subsequent 
resignation  caused  a  vacancy  in  the  office,  and  Inspector  Stone 
was  detailed,  in  common  with  several  other  officers,  to  special 
duty  in  1890.  After  a  year  with  Inspector  O'Day,  he  was  selected 
by  City  Marshal  W.  Ansel  Washburn  for  recommendation  as 
inspector,  and  was  appointed  inspector  by  Mayor  F.  A.  Harring- 
ton Jan.  15,  1892.  The  only  other  city  marshals  to  reach  the 
office  from  the  ranks  are  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  who  served  four- 
teen years,  the  longest  time  any  one  man  held  the  office,  and 
Amos  Atkinson,  now  deputy  chief  of  police,  who  was  city  marshal 
under  Mayor  Charles  G.  Reed  in  1884  and  1885. 

The  first  year  Officer  Stone  was  on  the  force  he  showed  ability 
as  a  detective,  running  down  a  series  of  burglaries  in  October, 
1886.  Wesson's  gun-factory,  the  Worcester  Wire  Goods  fac- 
tory, J.  R.  Torrey's  razor-factory  and  E.  H.  Stark's  boot-shop 
were  broken  into  during  the  month,  and  he  caught  a  man  in  the 
act  of  robbing  Raymond's  drug-store  on  Prospect  street.  Capt. 
D.  A.  Matthews,  on  information  given  by  Officer  Stone  and  by 
his  own  good  work,  arrested  the  following  day  a  man  in  the  Mar- 
tin block  on  Pleasant  street,  with  over  $800  worth  of  property .- 

While  traveling  the  Thomas-street  beat  Officer  Stone  caught 
James  Lally  robbing  Geiger's  meat-store,  and  arrested  him  at  the 
point  of  a  revolver.  Lally  had  a  short  time  before  escaped  from 
the  Massachusetts  reformatory  at  Concord,  after  assaulting  the 
keeper.  The  fellow  gave  his  name  as  George  Nolan,  and  Officer 
Stone  the  same  night  arrested,  with  the  assistance  of  Officer  Wil- 
liam R.  Ramsdell,  Patrick  Reilly.  Nolan  was  sentenced  to  the 
state  prison  at  Charlestown,  where  he  died  while  serving  a  five- 
years'  term. 


PATROLMEN'. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  165 

He  had  remarkable  success  as  a  detective,  and  has  a  good 
reputation  through  Xew  England  and  in  New  York. 

He  made  a  record  in  running  down  the  extensive  horse-thiev- 
ing in  1894,  by  arresting  Charles  Dansreau  and  Fred  Libby  in 
Danielsonville,  Ct.  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  horse-own- 
ers were  losing  valuable  animals.  They  were  located  in  a 
secluded  district  near  Danielsonville,  and  the  thieves  arrested 
were  convicted. 

With  Inspector  O'Day  he  broke  up  a  den  of  counterfeiters  in 
Oxford,  which  attracted  considerable  attention  at  the  time;  has 
worked  on  several  murder-cases,  and  at  the  time  of  his  appoint- 
ment as  chief  of  police,  was  working  on  the  Asa  Bennett  murder- 
case  in  Hubbardston.  He  has  always  had  the  confidence  and 
friendship  of  every  man  in  the  department,  and  his  ability  has 
been  recognized  by  the  officials  under  whom  he  served.  He 
was  recommended  for  appointment  as  inspector  by  City  Marshal 
W.  Ansel  Washburn,  had  a  warm  friend  in  City  Marshal  Edward 
T.  Raymond  during  his  connection  with  the  department  and  since, 
and  City  Marshal  James  M.  Drennan  spoke  of  him  as  a  bright 
young  man  who  deserved  success.  When  it  was  known  there 
was  to  be  a  change  in  the  department,  Chief  Drennan  said:  "If 
there  is  to  be  a  change,  I  do  not  know  of  a  man  I  would  rather 
see  here  than  Inspector  Stone." 

During  the  many  years  that  Chief  Stone  was  associated  with 
Inspector  O'Day,  he  became  acquainted  with  police  officials 
throughout  the  country,  and  few  men  enjoy  the  confidence  of 
contemporaries  in  the  police  business,  or  the  respect  of  the  public 
at  large,  in  a  greater  degree  than  he.  He  is  a  man  of  even  tem- 
perament, slow  to  anger  and  excitement,  and  much  of  his  success 
as  a  detective  has  been  .due  to  the  tact  and  finesse  that  he  always 
brings  to  bear  in  the  consideration  of  a  case.  He  takes  nothing 
for  granted.  He  always  applies  cavises  to  effects. 

One  of  the  true  essentials  of  the  detective  is  his  ability  to 
remember  faces  after  long  lapses  of  time.  This  Chief  Stone 
possesses  in  a  marked  degree.  Oftentimes  the  readiness  with 
which  he  can  recall  peculiarities  or  mannerisms,  whether  of 
speech  or  physique,  has  been  of  material  aid  in  the  identification 
of  criminals  and  in  the  securing  of  convictions. 

Discipline  is  necessarily  a  quality  in  a  police  force  as  it  is  in 
an  army.  One  would  think  that  a  man  of  so  agreeable  a  nature 
and  of  so  few  words  as  Chief  Stone,  would  be  easy-going,  and 


1 66  History  of  Police  Department, 

inclined  to  put  up  with  a  great  deal  before  resorting  to  extreme 
measures.  This  in  a  sense  is  true  if  there  are  extenuating  cir- 
cumstances connected  with  the  case.  But  there  is  no  stricter 
disciplinarian  than  Chief  Stone  when  the  occasion  requires  and 
the  good  of  the  service  demands  it. 

Although  but  a  few  months  in  office,  he  has  brought  the  depart- 
ment to  a  state  of  efficiency  that  it  has  seldom  occupied,  and  this, 
too,  without  the  introduction  of  new-fangled  ideas  in  the  experi- 
mental state.  He  is  a  born  police  officer,  patient,  persevering,, 
and  devoted  to  his  duty.  He  is  not  prone  to  discouragement 
when  he  encounters  obstacles,  but  works  with  renewed  energy, 
and  this,  in  a  large  measure,  is  the  secret  of  his  success.  He  is 
of  a  modest,  retiring  disposition,  and  ever  ready  to  give  others 
credit  for  work  accomplished,  even  though  his  own  efforts  were 
in  the  main  responsible  for  the  achievement  of  success. 

Chief  Stone  lives  with  his  wife  and  two  children  at  65  Mason 
street,  and  outside  of  the  department  has  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 

DEPUTY  CHIEF  AMOS  ATKINSON. 

Deputy  Chief  Amos  Atkinson,  with  a  record  of  thirty-two 
years  in  the  Police  Department,  has  held  every  office  from  patrol- 
man to  city  marshal,  with  the  exception  of  inspector.  His  record 
in  these  positions  is  good,  and  no  more  careful,  courageous  or 
painstaking  official  has  been  connected  with  the  department. 
Capt.  S.  W.  Ranger  of  Station  2  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
force  two  years  prior  to  Deputy  Chief  Atkinson,  but  was  off 
several  years,  and  has  not  so  many  years'  police-record  to  his 
credit,  giving  Deputy  Chief  Atkinson  the  distinction  of  being  the 
oldest  member  of  the  department  in  point  of  service. 

He  was  born  in  South  Witham,  Lincolnshire,  England,  Aug. 
28,  1839,  and  came  to  the  United  States  when  he  was  seventeen 
years  old.  He  had  a  brother  living  in  Southbridge,  and  it  was 
through  his  influence  that  he  left  his  native  land.  He  went  to 
work  in  Southbridge  as  an  engraver  in  a  printing-office,  remain- 
ing four  years.  While  living  there,  he  was  married,  being  but 
nineteen  years  old.  When  twenty-one  years  old,  he  went  to 
Wappinger's  Falls,  Dutchess  county,  Xew  York  state,  where  he 
went  into  a  printing  establishment  as  engraver,  and  while  there 
had  an  offer  to  take  charge  of  a  department  in  the  Parrott  gun- 
factory  at  Cold  Springs,  X.  Y.  The  Civil  War  was  in  progress 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  167 

at  that  time,  and  he  accepted  the  position,  having  charge  of  mak- 
ing the  plugs  for  exploding  the  shells  used  in  the  famous  Parrott 
guns.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Worcester  county, 
settling  in  Worcester,  and  went  to  work  in  Ball  &  Williams' 
machine-shop  on  School  street.  He  had  been  there  two  years 
when  he  had  a  desire  to  go  on  the  police  force.  He  was  appoint- 
ed Jan.  7,  1868,  by  Mayor  James  B.  Blake,  during  the  police 
administration  of  Col.  J.  M.  Drennan.  He  traveled  the  Front- 
street  beat  with  Officer  William  H.  Johnson.  It  was  the  custom 
to  change  the  detail  every  three  months,  but  Officers  Atkinson 
and  Johnson  were  on  the  Front-street  beat  three  years  and  eight 
months,  the  longest  time  an  officer  had  been  on  a  single  beat. 
Front  street  was  the  scene  of  many  fights,  and  the  neighborhood 
of  Spring,  Bridge  and  Mechanic  streets  furnished  work  enough 
for  officers.  During  a  fight  near  Mechanic  street  during  the 
early  years  of  his  traveling,  he  received  a  blow  on  the  head 
that  came  within  a  fraction  of  an  inch  of  being  fatal.  The  circum- 
stances of  the  assault  are  of  sufficient  interest  to  refer  to  in 
another  chapter. 

In  1872  Officer  Atkinson  was  detailed  roundsman,  being  the 
first  to  do  roundsman's  duty.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  night- 
captain  by  Mayor  Clark  Jillson,  succeeding  Joseph  M.  Dyson, 
who  was  promoted  to  assistant  marshal  under  City  Marshal 
W.  Ansel  Washburn.  In  1874  Mayor  Edward  L.  Davis  made 
the  most  sweeping  changes  experienced  in  the  department,  re- 
placing Republicans  with  Democrats,  and  Captain  Atkinson  went 
with  the  rest.  Clark  Jillson  succeeded  Mayor  Davis  in  1875,  and 
Captain  Atkinson  was  reappointed,  succeeding  Capt.  Patrick  E. 
Ratigan,  who  took  his  place  when  he  was  dropped.  Captain 
Atkinson  held  the  position  of  night-captain  until  1883,  when  he 
was  appointed  assistant  marshal  by  Mayor  Samuel  E.  Hildreth. 
He  held  this  office  one  year,  and  in  1884  Mayor  Charles  G.  Reed 
appointed  him  city  marshal,  which  position  he  held  two  years. 
As  city  marshal  he  received  $2200,  the  highest  salary  ever  paid  the 
office,  and  to  him  belongs  the  credit  of  having  the  salaries  of 
night-captain,  assistant  marshal  and  city  marshal  raised  to  the 
highest  figure  they  had  reached.  In  1886  he  was  succeeded  as 
city  marshal  by  W.  Ansel  Washburn,  and  was  appointed  assistant 
marshal.  Since  that  time  he  has  served  as  assistant  marshal  or 
deputy  chief  of  police,  and  has  had  no  desire  to  be  chief  of  police. 
As  a  patrolman  he  was  fearless,  and  law-violators  kept  well  out  of 


PATROLMEN. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  169 

his  way ;  as  night-captain  he  demanded  faithful  performance  of 
duty  from  the  patrolmen;  as  assistant  marshal  he  was  well  liked, 
and  showed  good  executive  ability  in  the  routine  work  required. 
As  city  marshal  he  had  the  good  will  of  the  department  and  the 
respect  of  the  entire  community.  He  made  recommendations 
that  were  wise,  and  had  good  judgment  in  his  official  acts.  He 
has  gone  through  many  changes  in  the  police  business,  and  his 
judgment  is  frequently  sought  by  the  officials  of  to-day.  In  1890 
he  was  granted  a  six-weeks'  leave  of  absence  by  the  city  govern- 
ment, and  returned  to  his  native  land  for  a  farewell  visit.  He 
was  patrolman  during  the  years  of  the  Clark  murder  by  Charles 
and  Silas  James  and  the  Grafton  Bank  robbery,  and  arrested  John 
Murphy  in  October,  1876,  for  the  murder  of  John  Bullard  in 
Shrewsbury. 

CAPT.  DAVID    A.  MATTHEWS. 

Capt.  David  A.  Matthews  of  Station  i  was  born  in  Boston 
March  7,  1847,  son  of  George  R.  Matthews.  As  a  boy  he  lived 
in  Hopkinton  and  Southboro,  getting  his  education  in  the  "little 
red  school"  in  Southboro,  until  twelve  years  old,  when  his  family 
moved  to  West  Boylston.  He  came  to  Worcester  in  1863,  enlist- 
ing for  the  war  in  the  3d  Mass.  Battery,  known  as  Martin's 
Battery,  the  commanding  officer  being  Gen.  A.  P.  Martin,  recently 
chairman  of  the  Boston  Police  Commission.  Captain  Matthews 
served  in  Battery  C,  in  both  the  3d  and  5th  Batteries.  He  was 
with  General  Grant,  in  the  ^th  Army  Corps,  through  the  Virginia 
campaign,  from  the  time  Grant  took  command  of  the  army  until 
the  surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox,  and  was  discharged  from 
service  June  24,  1865.  Returning  to  Worcester,  he  went  to  work 
in  Timothy  Stone's  boot-shop,  located  where  now  is  the  govern- 
ment building.  June  4,  1867,  he  enlisted  in  the  regular  army, 
and  was  sent  to  California  to  join  the  8th  United  States  Cavalry 
at  Fort  Lapwai,  Idaho.  San  Francisco  was  reached  July  13,  he 
making  the  trip  by  steamer  to  Aspinwall  and  crossing  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama,  the  entire  trip  taking  about  a  month.  He  went 
up  the  Columbia  river  500  miles  to  Fort  Lapwai,  and  was 
assigned  to  Troop  E,  in  the  8th  Cavalry.  His  troop  returned  to 
San  Francisco,  and  went  by  boat  to  San  Pedro,  in  Loxver  Cali- 
fornia, to  Drum  Barracks,  where  the  command  was  equipped  with 
horses.  After  a  march  of  300  miles  to  Fort  Mohave,  the  Col- 


170  History  of  Police  Department, 

orado  river  was  reached  July  4,  1868,  and  two  troops  were  ordered 
into  the  interior  to  establish  a  post  to  be  called  Camp  Willow 
Grove.  A  sandy  desert  was  crossed,  and  for  160  miles  not  a  sign 
of  habitation  was  seen.  Camp  Willow  Grove  was  established 
on  Cottonwood  creek,  and  Troops  E  and  K  remained  there  until 
May  i,  1869,  when  they  moved  forty  miles  and  established  a  post 
called  Camp  Tollgate,  near  the  Mohave  and  Haulpi  Indians'  res- 
ervation. There  were  many  skirmishes  during  their  connection 
with  that  camp,  and  during  the  two  years  of  life  in  the  Cotton- 
wood  range  of  mountains,  Captain  Matthews  had  the  most  exciting 
experiences  of  his  life.  The  fighting  qualities  of  the  young  soldier 
were  not  long  in  being  recognized,  and  he  was  promoted  to  cor- 
poral and  later  to  first  sergeant  of  his  company ;  and  for  signal 
bravery  and  coolness  in  handling  his  men  in  battles,  received  from 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  through  the  War  Department, 
a  medal  of  honor.  This  medal  answers  the  same  purpose  as 
the  Victoria  cross  does  in  England,  and  is  given  only  to  men  who 
show  unusual  valor  under  fire.  This  medal  was  won  in  a  skir- 
mish with  the  Indians  in  what  the  soldiers  called  the  Cottonwood 
range  of  mountains.  Captain  Matthews,  then  a  corporal,  was 
sent  with  a  detachment  of  ten  soldiers  with  rations  for  comrades 
stationed  at  an  outpost  forty  miles  from  the  rest  of  the  command. 
While  returning,  the  Indians  made  an  attack  upon  the  little  band 
of  regulars  at  daybreak,  and  a  brisk  fire  was  opened  by  both  sides 
for  some  minutes.  The  detachment  fought  the  Indians  from 
ambush,  and  one  soldier  was  wounded  and  two  of  the  horses 
shot.  Captain  Matthews  succeeded  in  getting  his  soldiers  back 
to  the  fort  without  any  loss.  In  another  instance,  while  in  the 
Hasseamper  country  fighting  the  Ute  Indians,  a  band  of  forty 
soldiers  attacked  a  party  of  Indians.  Captain  Matthews  had  his 
horse  shot  from  under  him,  and  was  wounded  in  the  knee  by  an 
arrow.  He  used  the  dead  body  of  his  horse  for  breastworks,  and 
held  his  ground  against  several  Indians  until  they  retired.  His 
record  as  an  Indian-fighter  attracted  the  attention  of  Col.  S.  M.  B. 
Young,  now  in  the  Philippines,  and  he  was  recommended  for 
bravery.  In  October,  1869,  while  his  troop  was  on  parade-duty. 
Maj.  A.  J.  Alexander  of  the  8th  Cavalry  called  him  from  the  line 
and  publicly  pinned  the  medal  of  honor  upon  his  breast.  He  was 
also  promoted  from  corporal  to  sergeant  at  that  time.  Defending 
wounded  soldiers  from  an  attack  from  the  Indians  and  bravery  in 
action  were  the  reasons  for  the  promotion  and  medal  of  honor. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  i?1 

From  Arizona  the  detachment  of  cavalry  was  ordered  to  New 
Mexico,  and  stationed  at  Fort  Newgate.  Aug.  i,  1871,  Troop 
E,  of  which  Captain  Matthews  was  sergeant,  was  ordered  with 
a  surveying  party  of  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad  Company 
as  a  protection  from  the  Indians.  They  did  duty  from  Albu- 
querque, on  the  Rio  Grande  river,  to  the  Needles,  on  the  Colo- 
rado river,  until  January,  1872,  when  they  returned  to  Camp 
Grout.  May  i,  1872,  Captain  Matthews  went  on  his  last  scout 
into  the  Tera  Amerilla  country,  where  the  Piute  Indians  were 
on  the  war-path.  The  cavalry  was  out  one  month,  and  Captain 
Matthews  was  discharged  June  4,  1872,  at  Santa  Fe,  N.  M.,  as 
first  sergeant. 

Captain  Matthews  returned  to  Worcester  June  18,  1873,  and 
was  appointed  on  the  police  force  Sept.  3  of  the  same  year  by 
Mayor  George  F.  Verry.  He  resigned  in  1873,  at  tne  ^me  °f  his 
marriage,  and  was  appointed  again  in  1874  by  Mayor  Edward  L. 
Davis,  but  was  off  again  until  September,  1875,  when  he  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Jillson,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  depart- 
ment continuously  since.  He  traveled  four  years  as  a  patrol- 
man— three  years  on  day  and  one  on  night  duty,  and  was  one  of 
the  original  members  of  the  mounted  police.  In  1879  he  was 
appointed  roundsman,  being  the  only  member  of  the  department 
who  held  the  office  by  appointment.  He  filled  it  until  it  was 
abolished  a  year  later.  He  was  appointed  captain  of  police  by 
Mayor  Charles  G.  Reed  in  1884,  and  was  night-captain  at  Station 
i  until  1896,  when  he  was  detailed  day-captain,  and  the  detail 
was  made  permanent  April  5,  1897.  Captain  Matthews  has  always 
held  the  respect  of  the  members  of  the  department,  is  considered 
a  careful  and  efficient  officer,  and  has  been  prominently  connected 
with  some  of  the  most  important  arrests  in  the  history  of  the 
department.  He  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  police  work  by  reason 
of  his  keenness  and  courage.  He  has  had  charge  of  police  drills 
since  they  were  instituted,  and  at  public  exhibitions,  drills  and 
parades  has  been  a  conspicuous  figure. 

He  is  married  and  has  two  children — George  R.,  in  the  Worces- 
ter County  Institution  for  Savings,  and  Miss  Marietta,  teacher  in 
the  public  schools. 

CAPT.  SUMNER  W.  RANGER. 

Capt.  Sumner  W.  Ranger  of  Station  2  was  born  in  New  Brain- 
tree  July  25,  1832.  He  lived  there  until  twenty-eight  years  old. 


PATROLMEN. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  173 

going  to  school  winters  in  his  earlier  years  and  working  on,  the 
farm  summers,  his  parents  being  prominent  farmers  in  the  town. 
He  came  to  Worcester  in  1858,  and  went  to  work  trucking  for 
Joseph  H.  Gould,  who  had  a  stable  on  Lafayette  street.  This 
street  at  that  time  was  sparsely  settled,  and  trucking  business 
on  the  "Island"  amounted  to  but  little.  In  1860  Captain  Ranger 
bought  out  the  business,  and  for  six  years  carried  it  on  with 
success. 

Tan.  1 6,  1866,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  James  B.  Blake,  the  city  marshal  being  Capt.  J.  B.  Knox. 
Captain  Ranger  is  the  only  member  of  the  present  force  who  saw 
police  service  immediately  after  the  war,  and  remembers  distinctly 
some  of  the  principal  events  of  the  early  days  on  the  force.  He 
has  several  souvenirs  of  the  early  department,  including  a  rattle 
and  the  first  printed  set  of  rules  under  which  the  watchmen  were 
governed.  He  and  Deputy  Chief  of  Police  Amos  Atkinson  are 
the  only  members  of  the  present  force  who  served  with  the  old 
night-watch.  In  1866  several  policemen  were  added  to  the  force, 
and  it  was  the  year  the  watchmen's  rattles  went  out  of  service  and 
the  revolver  and  billy  came  in ;  it  was  also  the  year  uniforms  were 
adopted.  During  Captain  Ranger's  early  connection  with  the 
department,  the  police  station,  under  the  old  City  Hall,  was  re- 
paired and  enlarged,  and  during  the  progress  of  repairs  prisoners 
were  locked  in  the  brick  school-house  at  the  lower  end  of  the 
Common.  He  traveled  on  what  was  called  the  night-relief,  the 
territory  of  his  beat  covering  Main,  Green  and  Summer  streets, 
and  he  also  traveled  the  "Meadows"  beat  and  on  Vernon  street. 
He  was  an  officer  in  Pine  Meadow  when  it  was  a  rough  section, 
and  he  is  reminded  forcibly  of  this  fact  because  he  lost  two  sets  of 
teeth  and  had  his  nose  broken  at  various  times.  Raiding  for  rum 
was  the  principal  work  of  the  earlier  days,  the  police  administra- 
tions being  instructed  to  strictly  enforce  the  liquor-law,  and 
under  City  Marshal  James  M.  Drennan  some  famous  raids  were 
made. 

In  1868  occurred  the  murder  of  Joseph  G.  Clark  in  the  Union 
block  by  Silas  and  Charles  T.  James  of  East  Greenwich,  R.  I., 
one  of  the  famous  cases  in  the  police  history  of  Worcester. 
Captain  Ranger  was  the  first  police  officer  in  the  room  where 
Clark's  body  was  found,  and  with  Louis  Harper  arrested  Silas 
James  at  the  old  western  depot,  where  he  was  waiting  for  a  New 
York  train.  The  next  day  Charles  James  was  arrested  in  Provi- 


174  History  of  Police  Department, 

dence,  and  Officers  Ranger  and  W.  H.  Clark  and  Deputy  Sheriff 
Charles  X.  Hair  went  to  Providence,  the  prisoner  being  turned 
over  to  the  officers,  and  they  brought  him  to  Worcester.  James 
made  a  confession  to  Officer  Ranger,  and  as  a  result  the  hatchet 
with  which  the  murder  was  done  was  found  by  Ranger  in  the  old 
canal.  The  two  murderers  were  convicted  and  hanged.  Captain 
Ranger  is  the  only  officer  in  the  Police  Department  at  any  time 
who  figured  in  an  arrest  of  a  murderer  for  a  crime  committed  in 
Worcester  for  which  there  was  a  hanging. 

In  1872  Officer  Ranger  was  dropped  by  Mayor  George  F. 
Verry,  and  went  into  partnership  in  the  grocery  business  at  Xew 
Worcester  with  Geo.  H.  Brown.  He  remained  with  Mr.  Brown 
until  1876,  when  he  was  again  appointed  on  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Clark  Jillson,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  force  since. 
Between  1872  and  1876  he  furnished  officers  with  valuable  clues, 
as  he  never  lost  his  interest  in  police  work.  Shortly  after  he  was 
dropped  from  the  force,  J.  Goodrich  Scott,  a  swindler  of  consid- 
erable note,  escaped  from  the  Summer-street  jail.  George  F. 
Yerry  was  his  counsel  and  Charles  N.  Hair  was  jailer.  Scott 
lived  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  and  Captain  Ranger  was  appointed 
deputy  sheriff  to  follow  him  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  about  his 
arrest.  He  traced  him  through  towns  in  northern  New  York,  but 
missed  him  at  Watertown.  He  arranged  with  the  officials  in 
Rome  and  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  to  send  him  word  when  Scott  put 
in  an  appearance,  and  as  the  result  of  this  work  Charles  X.  Hair 
went  to  WTatertown  and  brought  Scott  back  to  Worcester  on  in- 
formation furnished  by  Captain  Ranger. 

From  1872  until  he  was  appointed  sergeant,  he  traveled  beats 
in  the  centre  of  the  city,  being  on  Front  street  considerable  of  the 
time.  In  1884  he  was  appointed  day-sergeant  at  Station  2,  suc- 
ceeding John  W.  Hadley,  ,the  recommendation  being  made  by 
City  Marshal  Amos  Atkinson  and  the  appointment  by  Mayor 
Charles  G.  Reed.  In  1888  he  was  appointed  captain  by  Mayor 
Samuel  W'inslow,  and  he  wears  a  gold  badge  presented'  him  by 
the  department  at  that  time.  He  has  good  executive  ability, 
which  was  shown  during  the  police  shake-up  in  1899  under  Chief 
of  Police  James  M.  Drennan,  when  he  had  charge  of  Station  i 
patrolmen  in  May,  June  and  July,  exchanging  stations  with  Capt. 
D.  A.  Matthews.  He  has  always  had  the  respect  of  the  officers 
under  his  direction,  and  has  a  record  as  a  policeman  of  which  he 
may  be  proud,  having  arrested  persons  for  every  sort  of  offense 
and  crime  from  drunkenness  to  murder. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  175 

CLERK  WILLIAM  L.  ROBINSON. 

William  L.  Robinson,  clerk  since  1893,  has  been  engaged  with 
the  department  in  various  capacities  since  1885.  He  was  born  in 
Barre,  Vt,  July  8,  1839,  son  of  George  C.  Robinson,  and  his 
mother  is  still  living  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  eighty-six  years  old. 
Soon  after  his  birth,  the  family  moved  to  Concord,  N.  H.,  and 
after  attending  the  public  schools  of  that  town  he  learned  the  sil- 
versmith and  silver-plating  trade.  He  came  to  Worcester  Sept. 
17,  1858,  and  completed  his  trade  with  Appleton  Walker,  who  was 
prominent  as  a  silversmith  before  the  war.  Mr.  Robinson  re- 
mained in  Worcester  a  short  time,  and  returned  to  Concord, 
where  he  was  living  at  the  time  of  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War, 
and  enlisted  in  the  ist  New  Hampshire  Volunteers  for  three 
months.  At  the  expiration  of  his  enlistment  he  returned  home 
and  was  married.  Shortly  after,  he  enlisted  in  the  navy  as  quar- 
ter gunner  on  the  U.  S.  S.  Managhan,  which  was  attached  to  the 
Gulf  and  South  Atlantic  squadrons.  He  was  discharged  from  the 
navy  Sept.  17,  1864,  and  came  to  Worcester,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed as  timekeeper  at  the  Arcade  Malleable  Iron  Works.  He 
left  there  and  went  to  Boston,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade,  re- 
turning to  Worcester  early  in  the  70*5.  For  several  years  he  did 
silversmith  business,  after  which  he  worked  for  Henry  J.  Jen- 
nings, silver-plater,  until  he  came  into  the  Police  Department. 
When  Maj.  Edward  T.  Raymond  was  appointed  chief  of  police, 
changes  were  made  in  the  office  and  a  new  system  of  keeping 
records  adopted.  Up  to  that  time  there  had  not  been  a  clerk,  the 
chief  of  police  keeping  his  own  records.  The  appointment  of  an 
inspector  for  junk-shops  and  the  system  of  consolidated  reports 
from  the  stations,  made  it  necessary  to  have  additional  clerical 
work,  and  Major  Raymond  appointed  Mr.  Robinson  as  clerk. 

Mr.  Robinson  has  been  prominent  in  the  Grand  Army,  and  has 
been  a  member  of  George  H.  Ward  Post,  No.  10,  since  his  return 
to  Worcester.  He  has  held  every  office  in  the  Post  with  the  ex- 
ception of  chaplain  and  vice-commander,  and  held  the  office  of 
post  commander  three  years,  1884,  1885  and  1886.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Montacute  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  past  chancellor  of 
Damascus  Lodge,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  has  been  connected 
with  the  First  Universalist  Church  for  many  years.  His  wife, 
Angie  A.  Robinson,  is  past  department  president  of  the  Woman's 
Relief  Corps  of  Massachusetts. 


PATROLMEN. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  i  7  7 

CHAPTER    XI. 
HUNTERS   OF   CRIMINALS. 

Inspector  Patrick  O'Day  on  State  and  City  Force— Identification  of  Notori- 
ous Criminals— Work  of  Acting  Inspectors  Arthur  F.  Roach  and  Herbert 
J.  Fisher— Lieutenants  and  Sergeants  Promoted  from  Ranks— Appoint- 
ment of  Dr.  Francis  Shaw  Ambulance  Surgeon — Mrs.  Deborah  B.  Sawtelle 
as  Police  Matron. 

The  responsibility  of  the  department  rests  with  the  chief  of 
police  and  the  officials  immediately  associated  with  him.  Its  suc- 
cess depends  largely  upon  the  work  of  the  inspectors,  lieutenants, 
sergeants  and  patrolmen,  who  may  properly  be  termed  the 
working-force  of  the  department. 

INSPECTOR    PATRICK    O*DAY. 

Inspector  Patrick  O'Day  is  one  of  the  most  widely-known 
members  of  the  department.  He  has  figured  in  more  prominent 
cases  than  any  other  police  official  in  Worcester,  and  as  a  de- 
tective has  an  excellent  record  throughout  the  East. 

Born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  March  i,  1847,  son  °f  Patrick 
O'Day,  he  came  to  Worcester  when  five  months  old,  his  father 
first  coming  here  in  1842.  After  leaving  the  public  schools,  he 
went  to  work  in  the  Washburn  Iron  Works,  and  afterward  learned 
the  printers'  trade  on  the  Aegis  and  Gazette.  In  1872  he  was 
appointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  George  F.  Verry.  He 
traveled  one  year  as  patrolman,  and  went  out  of  the  department 
in  1873.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  on  the  state  police  force  by 
Gov.  William  Gaston,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and  then 
did  special  work  in  connection  with  the  district -attorney's  office. 
While  on  the  state  force,  he  worked  on  the  John  Bullard  murder 
case,  in  Shrewsbury,  in  1876,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in 
convicting  two  men  who  had  burned  $100,000  worth  of  prop- 
erty in  Clinton,  Berlin,  and  other  towns  and  cities  in  Worcester 
and  adjoining  counties.  State  prison  sentences  for  long  terms 
were  given  both  firebugs,  whose  names  were  Morse  and  Wil- 
liams. 

Jan.  2,  1878,  Inspector  O'Day  was  reappointed  on  the  city 
force  by  Mayor  C.  B.  Pratt,  and  has  served  continuously  since, 


i78  History  of  Police  Department, 

doing  detective  duty  nearly  all  the  time.  He  has  been  associated 
in  detective  work  with  Detective  Ezra  Churchill  and  Inspectors 
Reuben  M.  Colby  and  William  J.  E.  Stone  and  Acting  Inspector 
Arthur  F.  Roach.  He  has  a  wide  knowledge  of  criminals  and 
their  methods,  and  since  his  connection  with  the  city  department 
made  up  to  Jan.  i,  1899,  4,006  arrests  for  crimes  and  offenses 
requiring  the  services  of  a  detective.  In  1879  he  was  special 
liquor  officer,  but  since  1880  has  devoted  his  entire  time  to  detec- 
tive work.  His  success  has  been  marked.  In  the  list  of  arrests 
he  has  made  are  the  names  of  some  of  the  most  notorious  crim- 
inals on  the  continent,  covering  a  variety  of  crime.  Nov.  5,  1885, 
he  arrested  George  Post  and  Thomas  O'Brien  at  the  Bay  State 
House  for  trying  to  bunco  E.  G.  Partridge.  Post  is  considered 
the  most  successful  bunco  man  in  the  world.  July  2,  1885,  he 
arrested  George  Carson  and  Rufus  Miner,  alias  Pyne,  on  sus- 
picion. These  men  appear  in  Inspector  Byrne's  book  of  crim- 
inals as  notorious  bank-sneaks,  and  were  suspected  of  planning 
the  robbery  of  a  Worcester  bank.  Carson  had  robbed  the  Mid- 
dletown,  Ct.,  bank  of  $25,000.  March  23,  1880,  he  arrested 
Scott  Lord,  notorious  horse-thief  and  burglar,  who  was  sen- 
tenced to  twenty-five  years  in  state  prison  under  the  habitual 
criminal  act.  Dr.  George  W.  Davis,  who  had  a  room 
on  Chandler  street,  near  Wellington,  was  arrested  by  Inspector 
O'Day  Nov.  15,  1884,  on  the  charge  of  making  counter- 
feit money.  He  had  in  his  room  650  counterfeit  dollars  and 
$2,500  worth  of  machinery.  He  made  the  best  counterfeit  coins 
that  had  been  seen  up  to  that  time.  He  was  sentenced  to  three 
years  and  six  months  in  the  house  of  correction  and  fined  $1,000. 
With  Inspector  Colby  he  arrested,  Sept.  19,  1882,  Charles  F. 
Lawrence  of  Auburn  for  derailing  the  Modoc  train  on  the  Bos- 
ton &  Albany  Railroad,  between  Charlton  and  Rochdale.  A  boy 
named  Cunningham  furnished  a  description  of  Lawrence,  whom 
he  saw  in  the  vicinity  of  the  wreck  while  driving  cows.  The 
boy  received  $250  from  the  railroad  officials,  and  Lawrence  was 
sentenced  to  fifteen  years  in  state  prison.  Lawrence  was  pre- 
viously arrested  by  Deputy  Sheriff  James  M.  Drennan  for  the 
murder  of  a  man  named  Battey  in  Oxford  in  1880.  but  the  gov- 
ernment did  not  have  sufficient  evidence  to  convict.  Lawrence 
was  arrested  in  1897  by  Inspectors  O'Day  and  Stone  for  break- 
ing and  entering  a  barn,  also  for  attempting  to  kill  his  sister. 
He  was  sentenced  to  six  years  in  state  prison. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  179 

Within  the  last  ten  years  some  of  the  most  famous  cases  in  the 
history  of  the  department  have  developed.  Inspector  O'Day 
arrested  Clark  Wells  Hatch  in  1891,  wanted  for  passing  a  Trav- 
elers Insurance  Company's  forged  check  on  the  Mechanics  Na- 
tional Bank.  He  also  in  that  year  identified  George  Ellwood 
at  the  Worcester  City  Hospital  as  a  notorious  masked  burglar 
wanted  for  escaping  from  the  Ohio  penitentiary  in  Columbus, 
and  for  burglary  in  Providence,  Hartford,  Boston,  and  Albany. 
Among  other  arrests  he  has  made  are  the  following :  May  28, 
1895,  John  Gillispie,  the  "  Butcher,"  for  breaking  and  entering, 
sentenced  to  twenty-five  years  in  state  prison ;  William  D.  Sul- 
livan, breaking  and  entering  the  residence  of  Prof.  E.  Harlow 
Russell,  and  three  houses  at  the  lake,  in  1895,  sentenced  to  state 
prison  for  fifteen  years ;  Jan.  26,  1 887,  Gilbert  Parker  for  a  crimi- 
nal operation,  sentenced  to  five  years  in  state  prison ;  Chas.  Loen- 
hardt,  July  30,  1894,  for  swindling  girls  by  a  jewelry  scheme,  sen- 
tenced to  fiveyearsin  state  prison ;  Sept.  10,  1895,  W.  D.  Lemont, 
for  robbing  the  residence  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  H.  Vinton,  on  Ash- 
land street,  sentenced  to  five  years  in  state  prison;  May  18,  1895, 
Stephen  Wedge,  two  cases  of  highway  robbery,  four  years  in  state 
prison  on  one  complaint  and  three  years  on  the  other. 
These  are  but  few  of  the  many  cases  in  which  he  has 
figured.  Aside  from  his  work  in  Worcester,  he  has  fur- 
nished much  valuable  information  to  New  York  and  Boston  de- 
tectives. 

ACTING  INSPECTOR  ARTHUR  F.  ROACH. 

Acting  Inspector  Arthur  F.  Roach  was  born  in  Clarence,  N.  S., 
Jan.  5,  1860,  son  of  John  F.  Roach.  He  obtained  an  education  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  town  sufficient  to  fit  him  for  teacher.  He 
taught  district  schools  in  Hampton,  Victoria,  Port  George,  Salem, 
Margaretville  and  Kingston  Station,  N.  S.,  these  towns  being 
within  a  radius  of  twenty-five  miles  from  his  home.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1885,  he  came  to  Worcester,  and  for  a  time  worked  for  the 
firm  of  C.  W.  Walls  &  Co.  on  Lagrange  street,  his  brother,  May- 
nard  P.  Roach,  being  a  member  of  the  firm.  His  particular  part 
of  the  business  was  setting  up  iron-work,  but  he  remained  with 
the  concern  but  a  short  time  when  he  resigned  to  accept  a  posi- 
tion as  cutter  with  the  Worcester  Corset  Co.,  then  on  Beacon  and 
Hermon  streets.  He  had  been  a  call-member  of  the  Fire  De- 


PATROLMEN. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  181 

partment  a  short  time,  and  in  March,  1888,  went  into  the  perma- 
nent ranks  of  the  department  as  driver  of  Engine  2  on  Beacon 
street.  He  remained  there  until  August,  1892,  when  he  went  to 
work  for  the  Washburn  &  Moen  Manufacturing  Co.  as  foreman 
of  the  spring  department  in  the  Grove-street  mill  of  the  works. 
He  was  later  transferred  to  the  Ouinsigamond  mill.  Jan.  31,  1894, 
he  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  A.  Marsh, 
and  went  on  duty  Feb.  5,  being  assigned  to  the  Green-street  beat. 
He  remained  on  duty  in  that  vicinity  until  November,  1895,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  the  beat  on  Main  and  Southbridge  streets, 
between  Park  and  Madison  streets.  He  remained  there  three 
years,  when  he  WHS  assigned  to  the  beat  on  Main  street,  between 
Central  and  Foster  streets.  He  traveled  the  beat  one  year,  and 
in  November,  1895,  was  detailed  on  the  patrol-wagon,  which  is  a 
night  position.  This  occurred  at  the  time  a  general  change  was 
made  in  the  details,  and  Officer  Thomas  Hurley  was  sent  from 
office  duty  to  a  beat  on  the  west  side  of  the  city.  Jan.  8,  1900, 
following  the  appointment  of  Inspector  W.  J.  E.  Stone  as  chief  of 
police,  Officer  Roach  was  detailed  inspector.  As  a  patrolman  he 
made  many  arrests,  none  of  the  offenses  being  of  a  serious  nature, 
but  showing  him  a  careful,  reliable  officer  and  a  man  of  good 
judgment,  an  essential  requisite  in  police  business.  Since  his  detail 
as  inspector  he  has  had  good  luck,  clearing  up  nearly  every  case 
on  which  he  was  detailed.  He  arrested  Walter  Percy  March  26, 
on  the  charge  of  polygamy,  and  secured  a  conviction ;  Jan.  23  he 
arrested  Ernest  and  George  Dupont  for  breaking  and  entering  on 
three  complaints.  With  Inspector  O'Day  he  arrested  Henry 
Rivard  May  3,  wanted  for  stealing  teams,  and  June  I  the  two  in- 
spectors arrested  Frank  O'Brien,  Alfred  Charon,  Joseph  Payette 
and  Henry  Gauthier  on  the  charge  of  highway  robbery.  Acting 
Inspector  Roach  is  married,  living  on  Park  avenue,  and  his  par- 
ents are  living  at  Clarence,  N.  S. 

ACTING  INSPECTOR  HERBERT  J.  FISHER. 

Herbert  J.  Fisher,  acting  inspector,  was  born  in  Oakdale 
July  29,  1853.  He  lived  there  until  Jan.  I,  1871,  when  he  came 
to  Worcester  to  work  in  the  Rawson  boot-shop,  corner  Ox- 
ford and  Austin  streets,  where  now  is  located  the  factory  of  C.  S. 
Goddard  &  Son.  He  remained  there  until  1877,  when  he  went 
to  work  in  E.  H.  Stark's  shoe-factorv,  near  Main  and  Mvrtle 


1 82  History  of  Police  Department, 

streets.  He  was  there  until  1880,  when  he  accepted  a  position  as 
foreman  in  the  Houghton  boot-shop  on  Front  street,  where  he 
remained  until  1885.  That  year  he  took  the  examination  for  the 
police  force,  and  was  appointed  Jan.  i  by  Mayor  Charles  G.  Reed. 
He  traveled  a  beat  for  a  short  time,  and  was  appointed  house- 
officer  at  the  time  Martin  Hubbard  was  made  roundsman,  and 
was  the  first  house-officer  in  the  Waldo  street  station.  The 
office  of  roundsman  was  given  up  at  the  close  of  1885,  and  Officer 
Fisher  traveled  the  west-side  beat,  and  resigned  from  the  force 
Jan.  i,  1887.  He  accepted  a  position  as  traveling  salesman 
through  the  western  states,  but  returned  to  Worcester  late  in 
1886,  being  reappointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Samuel  Winslow 
in  1887.  He  traveled  days  for  three  years,  and  was  then  detailed 
to  night  duty.  April  17,  1896,  he  was  detailed  acting  inspector  of 
pawn-brokers  and  licenses  by  Chief  of  Police  Raymond.  At  that 
time  a  new  ordinance  was  created  by  the  City  Council  regulating 
rag-shops,  truck-wagons,  pawn-shops  and  places  of  amusement, 
and  it  was  necessary  to  have  an  official  to  see  to  it  that  the  re- 
quirements of  the  ordinance  were  carried  out.  He  has  charge  of 
everything  that  is  licensed  by  the  License  Board,  and  upon  the 
results  of  his  investigations  this  board  acts.  Under  the  provisions 
of  the  ordinance  everything  taken  to  a  pawn-shop  must  be  re- 
corded in  books  furnished  by  the  department,  and  these  books 
are  open  to  the  inspector  all  the  time.  No  article  pawned  can  be 
disposed  of  until  the  description  has  been  examined  by  the  in- 
spector. Acting  Inspector  Fisher  has  been  a  careful  official  in 
this  connection,  and  besides  furnishing  the  department  informa- 
tion that  led  to  the  arrest  of  criminals,  he  has  made  several  im- 
portant arrests  as  a  direct  result  of  his  visits  to  pawn-shops.  One 
of  the  most  important  arrests  he  made  was  that  of  James  Thomp- 
son Nov.  17,  1896.  Thompson  was  wanted  by  the  Chelsea  police 
for  house-breaking  and  larceny.  Inspector  Fisher  is  married  and 
lives  at  Columbus  park. 

LIEUT.  JAMES  T.  JOHNSON. 

Lieut.  James  T.  Johnson  of  Station  i  was  born  in  Wardsboro, 
Windham  county,  Vt.,  July  n,  1855.  When  seventeen  years 
old,  he  left  home  to  go  into  the  insane  hospital  at  Brattleboro,  Vt., 
as  attendant.  For  four  years  he  held  this  position  summers,  at- 
tending school  winters.  Oct.  12,  1875,  he  came  to  Worcester  as 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  183 

attendant  at  the  Worcester  Insane  Asylum  on  Summer  street,  and 
until  Jan.  3,  1882,  was  on  duty  as  attendant,  watchman  or  super- 
visor at  the  Worcester  Insane  Asylum  or  the  Worcester  Insane 
Hospital,  the  latter  at  Bloomingdale,  both  being  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Commonwealth.  He  was  on  duty  at  the  lake  hos- 
pital when  he  resigned  his  position  in  January,  1882,  to  accept  the 
position  as  watchman  at  the  Summer-street  jail,  his  appointment 
being  made  by  Sheriff  A.  B.  R.  Sprague.  From  1882  until  Feb. 
3,  1886,  he  served  as  watchman  at  the  jail,  and  resigned  to  accept 
an  appointment  on  the  police  force.  He  took  the  civil-service  ex- 
amination soon  after  the  law  went  into  effect,  and  passed  with  the 
highest  rank  that  has  been  attained  by  a  candidate,  his  mark  being 
96.25.  Compared  with  the  ranking  system  used  to-day,  his  ex-' 
animation  would  be  considered  practically  perfect. 

Lieutenant  Johnson  traveled  on  night-duty  for  four  years — one 
year  on  Front  street  and  three  years  on  Main  street.  His  police 
record  was  sufficient  to  place  him  well  at  the  top  of  the  list  of  can- 
didates for  appointment  of  sergeants  when  this  action  was  con- 
sidered during  Mayor  F.  A.  Harrington's  administration.  He 
was  one  of  the  four  appointed  to  wear  sergeant's  chevrons  March 
21,  1890,  by  Mayor  Harrington,  and  traveled  from  Station  I.  He 
has  been  successful  as  sergeant,  and  for  several  years  was  promi- 
nently connected  with  raiding  for  liquor.  In  this  branch  of  the 
service  he  was  a  thorough,  persistent  official,  and  brought  before 
the  court  many  violators.  He  has  always  used  good  judgment  in 
police  duty,  and  when  he  took  a  case  into  court  had  sufficient 
evidence  to  convict.  He  traveled  as  sergeant  until  Jan. 
i,  1897,  when  he  was  selected  for  promotion  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R. 
Sprague  at  the  time  of  the  reorganization  of  the  department.  He 
was  detailed  to  night-duty  at  Station  I,  succeeding  Capt.  D.  A. 
Matthews  in  charge  of  the  station,  and  April  5,  1897,  was  ap- 
pointed lieutenant  of  police.  He  is  married  and  lives  on  Elm 
street. 

LIEUT.    MATTHEW  J.    WALSH. 

Lieut.  Matthew  J.  Walsh  of  Station  2,  one  of  the  oldest  men  in 
the  department  to  wear  official  chevrons,  was  born  in  Wexford 
county,  Ireland,  Jan.  28,  1841.  He  came  to  the  UYiited  States 
when  quite  young  and  lived  in  Brooklyn.  He  enlisted  in  a  New 
York  regiment  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  and  in  1865 


184 


History  of  Police  Department, 


came  to  Worcester.  Machinist's  business  was  good  at  that  time, 
and  he  went  to  work  in  the  "Junction  shop,"  which  was  a  leading 
machine-shop  in  Worcester  at  that  time.  He  worked  there  until 
1874,  when  Mayor  Edward  L.  Davis  appointed  him  on  the  police 


PATROL    DRIVERS,    AMBULANCE    ATTENDANT,    AND   JANITOR. 

force.  With  the  exception  of  four  months  he  has  served  in  the 
department  since.  He  traveled  the  Main  and  Front  street  beat 
several  years,  and  business  men  of  twenty  years  remember  him  as 
one  of  the  prominent  members  of  the  force,  careful  and  faithful 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  185 

in  performance  of  duty.  For  a  short  time  he  traveled  on  Front 
street  days.  In  1880,  when  the  Millbury  street  and  "Island"  dis- 
trict became  troublesome,  demanding  the  presence  of  more 
policemen,  Officer  Walsh  was  sent  to  the  "Island"  section,  and 
for  four  years  traveled  the  territory  between  Southbridge  street 
and  Union  hill  and  Fox  mills  and  Quinsigamond,  the  former 
boundary  being  at  the  intersection  of  Green,  Millbury  and  Lamar- 
tine  streets. 

March  27,  1884,  Mayor  Charles  G.  Reed  appointed  Officer 
XYalsh  sergeant  of  police,  in  charge  of  Station  2  nights.  Sergt. 
Matthew  B.  Lamb,  who  succeeded  Sergt.  Charles  W.  Barker  in 
charge  of  the  station,  resigned  to  accept  a  position  as  bookkeeper 
for  S.  R.  Leland  &  Son.  While  traveling  the  Harrington  corner 
beat,  he  alternated  with  David  A.  Matthews,  now  captain  of  Sta- 
tion i ,  and  went  to  Station  2  with  an  excellent  record  as  a  patrol- 
man. This  record  has  been  maintained  at  Station  2.  He  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant  of  police  April  7,  1897,  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R. 
Sprague,  at  the  time  of  the  reorganization  of  the  department.  He 
is  married  and  lives  on  Cambridge  street. 

SERGT.    THOMAS    McMURRAY. 

Sergt.  Thomas  McMurray  of  Station  i  was  born  in  Worcester 
Dec.  3,  1859,  son  of  Farrell  McMurray.  He  attended  the  public 
schools,  and  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death  left  the  high  school 
to  enter  the  employ  of  the  Washburn  &  Moen  Manufacturing  Co., 
working  in  the  inspection  department  of  the  Grove-street  mill. 
While  there  he  was  a  call  hoseman  of  Engine  3,  on  School  and 
later  on  Prescott  streets,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment until  his  resignation  at  the  wire-mill  on  account  of  his 
appointment  as  a  member  of  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Samuel 
Win  slow  Jan.  4,  1887.  For  a  time  he  traveled  the  Union-street 
beat,  and  afterward  was  transferred  to  the  Green-street  and  Dun- 
garven-hill  beats,  including  the  section  of  Franklin  street  and 
Bloomingdale  road.  He  was  on  the  Dungarven-hill  beat  when 
he  was  detached  from  patrol-duty,  and  assigned  to  special  duty, 
working  with  Inspector  Reuben  M.  Colby,  and  after  the  latter's 
resignation  was  assigned  to  special  duty  by  Marshal  W.  Ansel 
Washburn.  While  doing  special  duty  with  John  F.  Beahn,  who 
left  the  department  a  few  years  later,  he  was  appointed  sergeant 
by  Mayor  F.  A.  Harrington  Mar.  21,  1890.  He  has  been  attached 


1 86  History  of  Police  Department, 

to  Station  i  since  his  appointment  to  the  force,  with  the  exception 
of  two  months  in  1899,  when  he  went  to  Station  2  with  Capt.  D. 
A.  Matthews. 

Sergeant  McMurray  is  probably  one  of  the  most  widely  known 
members  of  the  department.  He  was  for  a  year  on  the  liquor- 
squad  under  Marshal  Washburn,  when  he  did  creditable  work. 
He  is  responsible  for  breaking  up  what  is  known  as  the  "Alcohol 
gang,"  one  of  the  most  vicious  gangs  of  young  criminals  Wor- 
cester has  ever  known.  They  congregated  in  the  vicinity  of 
Franklin  street,  and  several  robberies  and  murderous  assaults 
have  been  committed  by  them.  Every  member  of  that  gang  was 
rounded  up  through  the  efforts  of  Sergeant  McMurray  and  sen- 
tenced to  the  reformatory  or  state  prison.  The  reign  of  the 
"Alcohol  gang"  was  from  1890  to  1895.  Sergeant  McMurray  was 
with  Inspector  Stone  at  the  arrest  of  William  W.  Graves  for  kill- 
ing his  wife  Dec.  28,  1893,  in  a  Front-street  lodging-house.  He 
figured  conspicuously  in  the  arrests  in  connection  with  the 
burglary  of  the  Uxbridge  depot  several  years  ago,  and  also  the 
arrests  for  breaks  in  Spencer  in  1891.  With  Officer  Beahn  he 
broke  up  a  thieving-gang  which  was  operating  extensively  among 
the  freight-yards,  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  being  the  worst 
sufferers.  He  has  figured  with  prominence  in  many  arrests  for 
various  offenses,  and  always  has  done  his  work  carefully  and  well. 

SERGT.  WALTER  N.    DROHAN. 

Sergt.  Walter  N.  Drohan  of  Station  i  was  born  in  Worcester 
Jan.  i,  1850,  son  of  Nicholas  Drohan.  He  left  the  public  schools 
early  in  his  teens  to  learn  the  machinist's  trade,  serving  an  ap- 
prenticeship in  the  New  York  Engine  Works  on  Washington 
street.  He  was  there  three  years,  when  the  concern  moved  to 
Passaic,  N.  J.,  and  he  went  to  Philadelphia.  He  remained  there  a 
short  time  and  returned  to  Worcester,  going  to  work  in  the  L. 
W.  Pond  machine-shop.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Edward  L.  Davis  in  1874.  At  the  end  of  the  year  he 
was  dropped  with  upward  of  twenty  others,  and  was  again 
appointed  a  patrolman  in  1877  by  Mayor  Charles  B.  Pratt.  He 
returned  from  Warren,  where  he  had  been  at  work  in  the 
Knowles  Pump  Works,  to  accept  the  place.  For  several  years  he 
traveled  on  Front  and  Main  streets,  and  for  three  years  alternated 
with  Officer  J.  H.  Flint  in  traveling  the  Main-street  beat  between 
Chandler  street  and  Barton  place.  In  1880  he  was  traveling  a 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  187 

north-end  beat  with  Officer  Daniel  Williams.  While  Drohan  was 
at  supper,  Officer  Williams  got  into  a  fight  and  was  badly 
pounded.  A  searching-party  was  sent  out  after  the  assailants, 
and  the  search  was  kept  up  all  night  under  the  direction  of  Capt. 
Amos  Atkinson.  The  officers  did  not  return  until  morning,  when 
the  entire  gang  had  been  rounded  up. 

Two  important  arrests  in  which  Officer  Drohan  figured  were 
John  Kane,  arrested  Sept.  10,  1879,  for  rape,  malicious  mischief 
and  assault  and  battery,  and  John  Ryan,  alias  Jack  Ryan,  arrested 
Feb.  15,  1882,  on  the  charge  of  highway  robbery  on  Franklin 
street.  John  Kane  assaulted  an  officer  named  Carroll  with  a 
brick  and  had  successfully  eluded  the  police.  Officer  Drohan  was 
ordered  in  citizen's  dress,  and  arrested  Kane  after  a  hard 
fight.  He  was  sentenced  to  state  prison  for  ten  years. 
John  Ryan  was  one  of  what  was  known  in  the  earlier 
days  as  the  "Moonlight  gang."  Temple  street  was  its 
headquarters,  and  highway  robberies  in  that  section  were  fre- 
quent. A  man  who  was  going  to  Scotland,  and  known  to  the 
gang  to  have  considerable  money,  went  through  the  street  the 
night  of  Feb.  14,  was  waylaid  by  Ryan,  and  robbed  of  his  money. 
Officer  Drohan  was  one  of  the  best  runners  on  the  force  and  had 
a  personal  acquaintance  with  Ryan.  He  gave  him  a  chase  on  the 
night  of  Feb.  15,  shortly  after  midnight,  and  caught  him  in  Frank- 
lin street.  He  was  sent  to  state  prison  for  eight  years.  After  his 
release  he  was  again  arrested  by  Officers  Drohan  and  Lombard, 
but  gave  the  officers  one  of  the  most  desperate  fights  they  had 
experienced.  James  Sullivan,  wanted  for  breaking  and  entering, 
gave  Officer  Drohan  a  hard  chase  on  the  night  of  May  26,  1894, 
but  was  finally  landed  in  a  doorway  on  Bridge  street,  where  he 
had  fallen  exhausted.  Officer  Drohan  was  regarded  one  of  the 
strongest  men  on  the  force,  and  his  fleet-footedness  made  him  an 
exceptionally  valuable  officer.  He  had  remarkable  strength  and 
courage,  and  always  landed  the  man  he  went  after.  For  the  arrest 
of  John  Ryan  he  received  the  commendation  of  City  Marshal 
James  M.  Drennan. 

Sergeant  Drohan  has  traveled  several  of  the  most  important 
beats  in  the  business  section  of  the  city,  and  when  Station  2  was 
opened  was  detailed  to  the  Millbury-street  section,  which  was  a 
troublesome  section  and  wanted  a  fearless  officer.  He  remained 
there  two  years,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Station  i,  where  he 
has  since  remained,  with  the  exception  of  two  months  in  the  sum- 


1 88  History  of  Police  Department, 

mer  of  1899,  when  he  traveled  as  sergeant  from  Station  2.  He 
traveled  the  Front-street  beat  for  nine  years,  and  was  taken  off 
the  beat  to  be  detailed  as  sergeant  in  1897.  He  was  appointed 
sergeant  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R.  Sprague  April  5,  1897.  Sergeant 
Drohan  has  taken*  an  active  interest  in  meetings  and  parades  of 
the  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians. 


DEBORAH    B.    SAWTELLE, 

Matron. 

SERGT.  GEORGE  H.  HILL. 

Sergt.  George  H.  Hill  of  Station  i  is  the  only  day-sergeant  on 
the  force.  He  was  born  in  Lawton,  Mich.,  Sept.  13,  1869,  son  of 
George  B.  A.  Hill.  The  family  moved  to  \Yorcester  when  the  son 
was  a  year  and  a  half  old,  and  with  the  exception  of  three  years 
which  Sergeant  Hill  lived  in  Lawton  later  in  life,  'Worcester  has 
been  his  home.  He  went  through  the  public  schools,  entering  the 
high  school  with  the  class  of  1889,  but  left  in  his  junior  year.  He 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  189- 

went  to  work  in  the  Grove-street  works  of  the  Washburn  &  Moen 
wire-mill,  being  employed  in  the  fine-wire  inspection  department. 
At  that  time  he  was  call-member  of  Ladder,  i,  in  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment, which  had  its  headquarters  on  Prescott  street.  After  work- 
ing in  the  wire-mill,  he  left  to  accept  a  position  in  the  Fire 
Alarm  Department,  being  employed  for  three  and  a  half  years  as 
lineman.  He  was  connected  with  the  Fire  Department  as  call- 
member  and  permanent  man  in  the  Fire  Alarm  Department  for 
five  years.  He  resigned  in  1893,  being  appointed  on  the  police 
force  from  the  civil-service  list  by  Mayor  H.  A.  Marsh.  He  went 
on  duty  a  week  later,  and  his  first  traveling  was  in  East  Worces- 
ter on  the  early  relief.  After  traveling  the  East  Worcester  section 
he  was  transferred  to  the  beat  on  Main  street,  between  Foster  and 
Central  streets,  where  he  remained  two  and  a  half  years.  June 
ii,  1896,  he  was  assigned  on  bicycle-duty  by  Chief  of  Police  E. 
T.  Raymond,  he  being  the  first  policeman  to  ride  a  bicycle.  This 
was  the  beginning  of  the  bicycle-squad,  now  a  feature  of  the 
Police  Department.  He  made  a  success  in  this  line,  and  in  Jan- 
uary, 1897,  was  detailed  by  Chief  of  Police  Raymond  sergeant,, 
doing  day-duty  at  Station  i,  and  was  officially  made  a  police  ser- 
geant April  5,  1897,  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R.  Sprague.  In  April,  1896, 
he  made  a  catch  of  a  burglar  in  the  basement  of  the  Barnard, 
Stunner  &  Putnam  Co.  store,  on  Main  street,  which  practically 
resulted  in  his  being  selected  as  one  of  the  new  sergeants.  On 
the  night  in  question,  shortly  before  12  o'clock,  he  discovered 
burglars  in  the  cellar,  and  also  discovered  Edward  Kelley  lying  in 
a  window.  He  arrested  the  two  burglars  in  the  cellar  and  took 
them  to  the  Waldo-street  police-station.  Kelley  did  not  know 
the  arrest  had  been  made,  and  was  not  aware  Sergeant  Hill  knew 
of  the  burglary  until  the  officer  ordered  Kelley  to  give  himself  up. 
Kelley  ran  and  was  quickly  followed  by  Officer  Hill,  who  fired 
several  shots  after  the  fleeing  burglar.  Kelley  did  not  stop  until 
Officer  Hill  had  run  him  off  his  feet,  and  he  was  arrested  in  a 
doorway  corner  Mechanic  and  Union  streets,  Kelley  being  com- 
pletely exhausted.  For  this  act  Chief  of  Police  Raymond  posted 
an  order  in  the  guard-room  of  both  stations  commending  Officer 
Hill  for  his  bravery  and  promptness.  Sergeant  Hill  is  a  member 
of  the  Shaffner  Club,  composed  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  has  been 
prominent  in  the  Sons  of  Veterans.  He  is  married  and  lives  on 
Paine  street. 


190 


History  of  Police  Department. 


SERGT.  WILLIAM  HICKEV. 


Sergt.  William  Hickey  of  Station  2  was  born  in  Ireland  Feb.  2, 
1840,  and  came  to  Worcester  in  1854.  He  entered  the  public 
schools,  which  he  attended  for  several  years,  and  left  to  learn  the 
moulder's  trade.  He  was  serving  his  apprenticeship  at  the  "Junc- 
tion foundry"  when  the  Civil  W'ar  began.  He  went  to  the  front 
with  the  original  Emmet  Guards,  of  which  he  had  been  a  member. 
This  was  the  first  independent  company  in  Massachusetts  to 
volunteer  in  1861,  and  went  out  as  Co.  B  of  the  3d  Battalion 
Rifles ;  it  was  stationed  at  Fort  Henry,  Baltimore.  The  company 
served  three  months,  and  the  most  of  the  members  reenlisted  in 


POLICE    AMBULANCE. 


Co.  E,  25th  Massachusetts  Regiment,  in  command  of  Col.  Josiah 
Pickett  of  Worcester,  the  captain  of  the  company  being  Thomas 
O'Neil.  When  Sergeant  Hickey  returned,  he  reenlisted  in  the 
navy  as  first-class  fireman,  and  acted  as  engineer's  yeoman.  He 
was  three  years  on  the  gunboat  Connamaugh,  attached  to  the 
South  Atlantic  squadron,  and  was  before  Charleston  and  Savan- 
nah and  at  Warsaw  sound.  The  gunboat  was  ordered  to  Phila- 
delphia for  repairs,  and  returned  south  under  Admiral  Farragut, 
taking  part  in  the  battle  of  Mobile  bay.  He  was  sick  with  yellow 
fever  in  Xew  Orleans  ten  weeks,,  after  which  he  returned  to  Wor- 
cester, his  service  in  the  war  having  ended.  He  reached  Worces- 
ter early  in  July,  1865,  and  worked  for  a  time  at  his  trade.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  truant  officer  by  the  School  Board,  serving  in 
that  capacity  until  October,  1885,  when  he  was  appointed  on  the 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  191 

police  force  by  Mayor  C.  G.  Reed.  He  was  detailed  at  Station  2, 
traveling  Union  hill  nights  and  afterward  traveled  the  "Island" 
district  days.  He  became  prominent  in  police  circles  during  the 
no-license  years  as  a  liquor  officer,  and  was  appointed  sergeant 
police  by  Mayor  F.  A.  Harrington  in  1890.  He  has  been  con- 
nected with  Station  2  all  the  time  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
department,  excepting  two  months  in  1899,  when  Chief  of  Police 
James  M.  Drennan  made  his  most  pronounced  change  in  the 
police  detail,  transferring  Capt.  S.  W.  Ranger  and  Sergt.  Hickey 
to  Station  i. 

While  at  a  circus  in  1880,  during  the  time  he  was  truant  officer, 
he  arrested  George  Millard  in  the  act  of  picking  a  pocket.  It 
developed  that  Millard  was  a  professional  pickpocket,  wanted  in 
other  parts  of  the  country.  He  was  released  shortly  after  his 
arrest  on  straw  bail,  and  Worcester  was  rid  of  an  undesirable 
character,  as  he  gave  this  section  a  wide  berth.  Sergeant  Hickey 
is  married,  and  one  son  is  a  priest  in  the  Catholic  church. 

SERGT.  JOHN  W.  WARREN. 

Sergt.  John  W.  Warren  of  Station  2  was  born  in  Princeton 
April  3,  1845,  but  moved  to  Boylston  when  a  boy.  He  was  raised 
on  a  farm,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  2ist 
Mass.  Regiment,  the  company  being  raised  in  West 
Boylston.  He  was  with  the  Burnside  expedition  at  Roanoke 
Island  and  Newbern,  N.  C.,  and  later  joined  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  under  General  Pope.  In  1862  he  was  in  the  battles  of  Bull 
Run  and  Chantilly,  and  under  Gen.  George  B.  McClellan  his 
regiment  fought  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam. 
At  Fredericksburg,  in  December,  1862,  he  was  wounded,  receiv- 
ing a  rebel  bullet  in  the  arm  which  laid  him  up  for  a  time.  The 
following  year  the  regiment  was  transferred  west,  serving  in 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  and  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Knoxville 
in  1863.  The  2ist  Regiment  reenlisted  in  1863,  and  was  assigned 
to  the  9th  Army  Corps,  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  under 
General  Grant.  In  1864  Sergeant  Warren  was  in  the  battles  of 
the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania.  Xorth  Anna  river,  Cold  Harbor, 
and  was  in  front  of  Petersburg.  He  was  mustered  out  in  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  returning  to  Boylston,  resuming  work  on  a  farm. 

Sergeant  Warren  came  to  Worcester  in  1872,  going  to  work  in 
the  Washburn  &  Moen  wire-mill.  He  remained  there  until  Jan- 
uary, 1883,  when  he  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor 


I92  History  of  Police  Department. 

Samuel  E.  Hildreth.  He  traveled  from  Station  i  the  first  year, 
his  territory  being  Green  street  and  Dungarven  hill,  and  in  1884 
was  transferred  to  Station  2,  on  Lamartine  street.  He  traveled 
from  Station  2  five  years,  being  assigned  various  beats,  and  in  1889 
was  again  sent  to  Station  i,  where  he  remained  two  years.  He 
was  appointed  sergeant  by  Mayor  F.  A.  Harrington  in  1890  and 
detailed  to  Station  2.  In  the  summer  of  1899,  at  the  time  of  the 
changes  made  by  Chief  of  Police  James  M.  Drennan,  he  was  sent 
to  Station  i,  taking  Sergeant  W.  X.  Drohan's  relief  for  two 
months.  He  is  a  member  of  George  H.  Ward  Post,  G.  A.  R., 
and  is  married  and  lives  on  Kingsbury  street. 


POLICE    AMBULANCE. 


POLICE  MATRON  D.    B.    SAWTELLE. 

Mrs.  Deborah  B.  Sawtelle.  police  matron  since  Jan.  i,  1897, 
born  in  Bridgton,  Me.,  in  1842,  and  lived  there  until  fifteen  years 
old,  when  her  parents  moved  to  Saco,  Me.,  where  she  lived  until 
the  death  of  her  father.  She  came  to  Worcester  in  1862.  and 
three  years  later  was  married  to  Francis  K.  Sawtelle,  who  died  in 
1880.  During  the  administration  of  Sheriff  A.  B.  R.  Sprague  in 
1886,  she  was  appointed  matron  of  the  Summer-street  jail,  and 
remained  there  until  Jan.  i,  1897,  when  she  was  appointed  matron 
of  the  police  station  by  Mayor  A.  B.  R.  Sprague,  to  succeed  Miss 
Dora  H.  Cook.  When  she  first  went  to  the  jail  there  was  but 
one  cell  for  women,  and  since  that  time  three  have  been 
added.  At  the  jail  she  was  considered  an  excellent  matron,  and 
her  reputation  has  been  fully  maintained  at  the  Waldo-street 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  193 

police  station.  Her  duties  are  to  care  for  the  women  prisoners, 
lost  children  and  lodgers,  the  duties  being  practically  the  same 
as  were  inaugurated  in  the  Summer-street  jail  when  the  women's 
prison  was  instituted.  Her  salary  is  $700  a  year,  an  increase  of 
$200  over  the  salary  paid  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Lane,  the  first  matron  to 
hold  the  office.  Mrs.  Sawtelle's  office  gives  -her  opportunity  to 
see  many  faces  with  which  she  is  familiar,  her  experience  at  the 
Summer-street  jail  bringing  her  in  contact  with  a  majority  of  the 
women  prisoners  who  are  taken  into  the  Waldo-street  station. 
She  has  earned  a  reputation  for  kind  treatment  of  prisoners,  and 
has  the  highest  respect  of  Station  I  officials.  While  in  the 
Summer-street  jail,  she  became  acquainted  with  Col.  E.  J.  Russell, 
jailer ;  Lieut.  James  T.  Johnson,  watchman  for  several  years,  and 
Officer  Charles  Shippee  of  Station  I,  who  was  steward  at  the  jail 
much  of  the  time  she  was  matron.  These  officials  of  her  earlier 
acquaintance  in  the  jail  are  now  connected  with  police  head- 
quarters. Mrs.  Sawtelle  has  one  daughter,  wife  of  Arthur  P. 
Putnam,  living  on  Dix  street. 

DR.  FRANCIS  SHAW. 

Dr.  Francis  Shaw,  in  charge  of  the  ambulance  department,  was 
born  in  Blackburn,  Eng.,  June  26,  1875,  an^  came  to  the  United 
States  with  his  parents,  Richard  Shaw  and  wife,  when  he  was 
three  years  old.  The  family  settled  in  New  Bedford,  where  Dr. 
Shaw  received  his  early  education,  being  graduated  from  the  New 
Bedford  high  school  in  the  class  of  1893,  and  then  entered  a 
preparatory  school,  entering  the  Harvard  Medical  School  in  1895. 
He  graduated  in  1899,  and  after  being  connected  with  the  Boston 
hospitals  doing  special  work, he  came  to  Worcester  Sept.  n,  1899, 
as  surgeon  in  charge  of  the  emergency  ambulance.  He  had  an 
office  at  the  Waldo-street  police  station  when  he  first  came  to  the 
department,  but  after  his  marriage  lived  on  the  west  side  of  the 
city,  remaining  at  his  office  during  the  day  and  early  evening.  He 
has  charge  of  all  the  ambulance  work,  emergency  and  sick,  and 
when  emergency  cases  are  reported  to  him  he  visits  them  before 
transfers  are  made. 


ip4  History  of  Police  Department, 

CHAPTER   XII. 
THE  RANK  AND  FILE. 

Brief  Sketches  of  the  Patrolmen  Who  Watch  Over  Property  Day  and  Night 
— Birthplaces,  Ages  and  Dates  of  Appointment — Work  Required,  Hours 
of  Duty,  and  Station  to  Which  they  are  Attached — The  Auxiliary  on  which 
the  Routine  Work  of  the  Department  Falls — Important  Arrests  are  Made 
on  Their  Information. 

The  patrolmen  of  the  department  are  the  guardians  of  the  peace 
of  the  Heart  of  the  Commonwealth.     With  them  to  a  large  degree 


P  ATROL-  W  AGO  NT . 


rests  the  success  of  the  department.  Among  them  are  many  who 
have  a  keen  scent  for  criminals,  and  through  them  the  inspectors 
and  higher  officials  bring  about  important  arrests.  As  a  rule  they 
are  men  of  good  judgment,  courageous  and  alert,  and  some  of  the 
most  creditable  work  in  clearing  up  puzzling  cases  has  been  done 
by  patrolmen. 

The  department  to-day  numbers  118  patrolmen,  divided 
between  Stations  i  and  2  on  Waldo  and  Lamartine  streets.  Their 
work  is  routine,  the  tour  of  night-duty  being  seven  hours,  but 
much  extra  duty  is  required  of  them,  and  with  the  time  required 
to  attend  to  court-cases  in  Central  District  and  Superior  courts, 
much  of  the  time  is  given  to  the  city.  There  are  three  reliefs — 
one  on  day  and  two  on  night  duty.  The  hours  of  the  day-relief 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  195 

are  the  longest,  being  from  8  o'clock  in  the  morning. until  6 
o'clock  at  night,  with  time  out  for  dinner.  The  first  night-relief 
reports  for  duty  at  6  o'clock  and  is  relieved  at  i  o'clock,  the  second 
relief  reporting  for  duty  at  12.30  o'clock  and  remains  on  until  7 
o'clock- in  the  morning.  These  reliefs  alternate,  giving  the  men 
what  is  known  among  them  as  a  long  and  short  day.  On  their 
long  day  several  of  them  are  required  to  do  extra  duty,  either  in 
the  office  or  outside  in  attendance  on  some  sporting  or  other 
event.  In  recent  years  the  hours  of  extra  duty  have  materially 
increased,  and  there  has  been  agitation  among  the  members  rela- 
tive to  a  system  of  pay  covering  this  feature  of  the  work,  with  a 
view  to  the  establishment  of  a  pension  fund. 
Following  are  brief  sketches  of  the  patrolmen  : 

Fred  M.  Ames,  Station  I,  born  in  Jefferson,  Me.,  Sept.  4, 
1857;  came  to  Worcester  Aug.  13,  1880;  appointed  patrolman 
Jan.  21,  1889. 

Charles  W.  Barker,  Station  i,  born  in  Monson,  Mass., 
Nov.  29,  1837;  came  to  Worcester  in  1865;  during  Civil  War 
served  on  U.  S.  S.  Monadnock ;  appointed  patrolman  Sept.  n, 
1872;  appointed  sergeant  Feb.  19,  1883,  and  was  first  night-ser- 
geant at  Station  2. 

George  V.  Barker,  Station  i,  born  in  Randolph,  Me.,  Aug.  4, 
1846;  came  to  Worcester  1863;  served  during  war  in  Co.  E,  42d 
Mass.  Regiment;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i,  1872;  was  out  of 
department  in  1874  to  1880. 

Jerome  G.  Barker,  Station  i,  born  in  Carroll,  Me.,  March  14, 
1867 ;  came  to  Worcester  Aug.  1 1,  1890 ;  was  attendant  at  Worces- 
ter Insane  Hospital;  appointed  patrolman  March  21,  1892. 

William  P.  Barrett,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  Feb.  24,  1869; 
appointed  patrolman  Jan.  31,  1893. 

Simeon  M.  Bellows,  Station  i,  born  in  Brookfield,  Mass., 
July  9,  1849;  came  to  Worcester  in  1883;  appointed  patrolman 
Jan.  5,  1885. 

Oliver  Blake,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  May  19,  1848;  came  to 
Worcester  May  6,  1869;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  26,  1887. 

Fred  C.  Blanchard,  Station  2,  born  in  Boston  March  20,  1853 ; 
came  to  Worcester  April  i,  1870;  appointed  patrolman  May  4, 
1888. 


196  History  of  Police  Department, 

Thomas  F.  Boyle,  Station  2,  born  in  Whitinsville,  Mass.,  Aug. 

19,  1858;  came  to  Worcester  in  1870;  appointed  patrolman  April 
15,  1890. 

William  H.  Brady,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  Oct.  8,  1858; 
appointed  patrolman  Feb.  28,  1888;  is  day-officer  at  Union 
Station. 

Benjamin  F.  Brown,  Station  i,  born  in  Starksboro,  Vt.,  Sept. 
13,  1854;  came  to  Worcester  April  29,  1881  ;  appointed  patrolman 
June  6,  1892. 

Hugh  F.  Bulger,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  April  22,  1869; 
appointed  patrolman  June  20,  1898. 

Frank  F.  Burbank.  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  in  July,  1852; 
appointed  patrolman  April  14,  1890;  served  in  Fire  Department 
on  Hose  4  in  1872;  original  member  of  Fire  Patrol  in  1875,  and 
thirteen  years  in  Hose  6. 

Sylvanus  G.  Bullock,  doorman  Station  i,  born  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  Jan.  20,  1834;  came  to  Worcester  Jan.  i,  1857;  during  the 
Civil  Wsr  was  in  A  Co.,  25th  Mass.  Regiment,  Vol.  Inf.; 
promoted  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  quartermaster  March  30, 
1864;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i,  1883;  made  doorman  in  1892. 

James  J.  Burke,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  Sept.  8,  1863; 
appointed  patrolman  July  20,  1896;  served  several  years  in  Fire 
Department  as  lieutenant  of  Hose  3. 

Charles  E.  Chamberlin,  Station  i,  born  in  Upton,  Mass.,  Aug. 

20,  1867;  came  to  Worcester  in  1870;  served  on  Hose  9  in  Fire 
Department;  appointed  patrolman  June  27,  1898. 

Dennis  E.  Clifford,  Station  i,  born  in  Killarney,  Kerry  county, 
Ireland,  Sept.  26,  1852;  came  to  Worcester  in  1867;  appointed 
patrolman  Jan.  4,  1887;  is  on  mounted  duty. 

Michael  Cody,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  Oct.  6,  1843:  came 
to  Worcester  in  1867;  during  Civil  War  served  on  flagship  Hart- 
ford and  gunboat  Kanawha;  appointed  patrolman  Nov.  18,  1895. 

William  A.  Condy,  Station  i,  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  Sept.  3, 
1862;  came  to  Worcester  in  1863;  was  captain  of  A  Co.  (City 
Guards),  2d  Mass.  Regiment,  M.  V.  M.,  several  years ;  appointed 
patrolman  Jan.  28,  1894. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  197 

Matthew  E.  Craffey,  Station  i.  born  in  Ireland  July  26,  1865; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1871  ;  appointed  patrolman  Feb.  6,  1893. 

Genery  T.  Darling,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  Dec.  28,  1847; 
during  Civil  War  served  in  Co.  F,  I5th  New  York  Regiment, 
H.  A.;  appointed  patrolman  June  20,  i< 


James  T.  Davidson,  Station  I,  born  in  Ryegate,  Vt.,  March  19, 
1862;  came  to  Worcester  in  May,  1888;  appointed  patrolman 
March  21,  1892. 

George  H.  Davis,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  Nov.  8,  1867 ; 
appointed  patrolman  June  28,  1894. 

J.  Clarence  Davis,  Station  i,  born  in  Moline,  111.,  Feb.  19,  1854; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1859;  appointed  patrolman  March  9,  1888. 

George  T.  Delaney,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  Nov.  15,  1862 ; 
appointed  patrolman  Jan.  15,  1887. 

Luke  J.  Dillon,  Station  2,  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Nov.  19, 
1861  ;  came  to  Worcester  Sept.  6,  1876;  appointed  patrolman  May 
4,  1886. 

James  Donahue,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  March  15,  1844; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1876;  during  Civil  War  served  in  7th  New 
York  Infantry;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  29,  1894. 

Michael  G.  Donahue,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  Sept.  26,  1842; 
came  to  Worcester  in  July,  1857;  during  Civil  War  served  in 
I7th  Mass.  Regiment  volunteers;  appointed  patrolman  July  21, 
1896. 

John  Dunn,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  in  November,  1858; 
appointed  patrolman  Jan.  4,  1886. 

George  W.  Earle,  Station  i,  born  in  North  Brookfield  Sept. 
25,  1864;  came  to  Worcester  in  1871 ;  driver  of  Engine  3,  in  Fire 
Department,  for  several  years ;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  20,  1898. 

Fred  C.  Eaton,  Station  i,  born  in  Vienna,  Me.,  Jan.  12,  1856; 
came  to  Worcester  Oct.  2,  1880;  appointed  patrolman  April  14, 
1889. 

Edson  Fairbanks,  Station  2,  born  in  Holden  April  16,  1838; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1863;  during  Civil  War  served  in  Co.  B, 
5ist  Mass.  Regiment  Volunteers;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  7, 
1873- 


198  History  of  Police  Department, 

Charles  A.  Favreault,  Station  2,  born  in  Canada  Sept.  8,  1853; 
came  to  Worcester  in  September,  1887;  appointed  patrolman 
March  4,  1889. 

Garrett  Fitzgerald,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  June  2,  1865; 
came  to  Worcester  May  30,  1882;  appointed  patrolman  Nov.  18, 
1895. 

Edward  C.  Fitzpatrick,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  Feb.  I, 
1860;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  4,  1886. 

John  J.  Flaherty,  Station  I,  born  in  Galway,  Ireland,  Nov.  20, 
1848;  came  to  Worcester  in  1867;  during  Civil  War  served  on 


PATROL- WAGON. 


U.  S.  flagship  Colorado,  of  Mediterranean  squadron,  and  bat- 
tleship Vermont;  rowed  in  barge-race  in  France,  defeating  the 
French  twelve-oared  crew ;  earned  four  medals  for  life-saving 
when  school-boy ;  instructor  at  jail  three  years  ;  represented  Ward 
3  in  City  Council  from  1890  to  1896;  appointed  patrolman  April 
13,  1896. 

Michael  J.  Foley,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  July  i,  1847; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1849;  served  in  Civil  War  in  Co.  I,  5Oth 
Mass.  Regiment  Volunteers,  and  Co.  F,  4th  Mass.  H.  A.  ;  appoint- 
ed patrolman  Jan.  i,  1874. 

Gustaf  Fyrberg,  Station  i,  born  in  Hoganas,  Sweden,  May  8, 
1864;  came  to  Worcester  in  1875;  appointed  patrolman  Oct.  12. 
1891. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  199 

Francis  P.  A.  Gilchrist,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  March 
10,  1873;  appointed  patrolman  June  12,  1899. 

Herbert  L.  Gleason,  Station  i,  born  in  Heath,  Mass.,  March  13, 
1855;  came  to  Worcester  in  1884;  appointed  patrolman  March 
28,  1892. 

David  Goggin,  detailed  to  Board  of  Health,  born  in  Killarney, 
Kerry  county,  Ireland,  in  September,  1840;  came  to  Worcester  in 
1866 ;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  5,  1873  ;  was  off  force  two  years ; 
detailed  permanently  with  the  Board  of  Health  in  1892. 

Ira  F.  Goodwin,  Station  i,  born  in  Londonderry,  N.  H.,  Oct. 
13,  1856;  came  to  Worcester  in  1881  ;  appointed  patrolman  June 
8,  1893. 

Charles  F.  Gould,  Station  i,  born  in  Clinton,  Mass.,  Jan.  22, 
1846;  came  to  Worcester  in  1850;  served  during  the  Civil  War 
in  Co.  A,  34th  Mass.  Volunteer  Infantry ;  appointed  patrolman 
May  15,  1885. 

James  P.  Hackett,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  Dec.  5,  1861 ; 
appointed  patrolman  May  15,  1888. 

George  W.  Hall,  Station  i,  born  in  Uxbridge,  Mass.,  June  23, 
1841 ;  came  to  Worcester  in  1859;  during  Civil  War  served  in  Co. 
D,  25th  Mass.  Volunteer  Infantry;  appointed  patrolman  July  20, 
1896. 

Charles  R.  Hanson,  Station  2,  born  in  Norway  Dec.  25,  1849; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1874;  appointed  patrolman  June  10,  1883. 

Andrew  Harper,  Station  i,  born  in  Millbury,  Mass.,  May  13, 
1848;  came  to  Worcester  in  September,  1868;  appointed  patrol- 
man Jan.  14,  1 88 1. 

Alfred  Harper,  Station  i,  born  in  Grafton,  Mass.,  Jan.  12,  1855 ; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1873  '•>  appointed  patrolman  March  3,  1888. 

Silas  D.  Hemenway,  Station  i,  born  in  Shrewsbury,  Mass.,  Jan. 
29,  1860;  came  to  Worcester  Nov.  i,  1886;  appointed  patrolman 
June  13,  1892. 

Patrick  Hines,  Station  2,  born  in  Falls  Village,  Ct.,  March  i, 
1849;  came  to  Worcester  in  1857;  appointed  patrolman  Jan. 
5,  1885. 


200  History  of  Police  Department, 

John  J.  Horgan,  Station  i,  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  28, 
1851  ;  came  to  Worcester  April  21,  1871  ;  appointed  patrolman 
in  January,  1874,  and  again  Jan.  5,  1885. 

Thomas  Hurley,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  Nov.  i,  1858;  came 
to  Worcester  in  1869;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i,  1884. 

George  A.  Jackson,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  April  18,  1871 ; 
appointed  patrolman  April  5,  1900. 

Oren  A.  Johnson,  Station  i,  born  in  Hardwick,  Mass.,  July  9, 
1852;  came  to  Worcester  April  15,  1871;  appointed  patrolman 
Jan.  4,  1875. 

Thomas  J.  Kelleher,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  Dec.  29,  1869; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1881 ;  appointed  patrolman  April  2,  1900; 
recruited  with  G  Co.,  9th  Mass.  Regiment  Volunteers,  for 
Spanish-American  War. 

Richard  J.  Kerwick,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  Jan.  18,  1874 ; 
appointed  patrolman  April  30,  1900. 

John  Keyes,  Station  i,  born  in  Weld,  Me.,  Aug.  24,  1840;  came 
to  Worcester  March  20,  1855 ;  served  through  Civil  War  in  Co. 
E,  36th  Mass.  Volunteer  Infantry;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i, 
1882,  and  Jan.  i, 


James  W.  Knight,  Station  i,  born  in  Otisfield,  Me.,  Aug.  17, 
1865  ;  came  to  Worcester  Oct.  6,  1889 ;  appointed  patrolman  Jan. 
30,  1893. 

Henry  A.  Laviolette,  Station  i,  born  in  Chateauquay,  P.  Q., 
May  17,  1854;  came  to  Worcester  in  May,  1861 ;  appointed 
patrolman  March  21,  1892. 

John  Legasey,  Station  i,  born  in  Canada  May  3,  1842;  came 
to  Worcester  in  1847;  served  during  Civil  War  in  Co.  G,  I5th 
Mass.  Volunteer  Infantry ;  wounded  at  Antietam ;  appointed 
patrolman  Jan.  i,  1870,  and  Jan.  i,  1880. 

Nils  Lindquist,  Station  2,  born  in  Sweden  March  20,  1849; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1875 ;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  2,  1885. 

Eneas  Lombard,  Station  i,  born  in  Castle  Island,  County 
Kerry,  Ireland,  Sept.  30,  1846;  came  to  Worcester  in  1868;  ap- 
pointed patrolman  July  i,  1880. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  201 

James  M.  Maloney,  Station  2,  born  in  Ireland  May  i,  1841  ; 
came  to  Worcester  July  3,  1859;  appointed  patrolman  July  17, 
1873- 

Addison  March,  Station  I,  born  in  Warwick,  Mass.,  Aug.  31, 
1839;  came  to  Worcester  in  1859;  served  during  Civil  War  in 
Co.  D,  2ist  Mass.  Regiment;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  17,  1873. 

William  H.  Mason,  Station  i,  born  in  Blackstone,  Mass.,  Jan. 
2,  1845;  came  to  Worcester  in  1888;  served  during  Civil  War 
in  Co.  D,  2d  Mass.  Regiment,  H.  A., ;  appointed  patrolman  April 
18,  1892. 

Robert  F.  Mathews,  Station  i,  born  in  Boston  May  5,  1845; 
came  to  Worcester  in  1865  ;  served  during  Civil  War  in  3d  Mass. 
L.  A.;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  7,  1879. 

Thomas  F.  Matthews,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  May  15, 
1864;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  17,  1893. 

Joseph  S.  McCarthy,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  in  February, 
1847;  came  to  Worcester  in  1879;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  6, 
1885- 

Daniel  McCarthy,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  April  14,  1840; 
came  to  Worcester  July  i,  1863;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i, 
1879. 

George  A.  McLeod,  Station  i,  born  in  Rogers  Hill,  N.  S.,  Oct. 
25>  T857;  came  to  Worcester  in  1879;  served  several  years  in  the 
Fire  Department;  appointed  patrolman  Feb.  7,  1890. 

Henry  H.  Mecorney,  day  doorman  Station  2,  born  in  Spencer, 
Mass.,  April  3,  1840;  came  to  Worcester  in  1861 ;  appointed 
patrolman  Jan.  i,  1875;  doorman  since  1891. 

Herbert  W.  Merrill,  Station  i,  born  in  Stockholm,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
7,  1869;  came  to  Worcester  in  December,  1888;  driver  of  Engine 
4  hose-wagon  in  Fire  Department  several  years  ;  appointed  patrol- 
man Jan.  30,  1893. 

Joseph  Midgely,  Station  2,  born  in  Lancashire,  Eng.,  Dec.  10, 
1843;  came  to  Worcester  March  i,  1851;  during  Civil  War 
served  in  Co.  D,  5ist  Mass.  Volunteer  Infantry;  appointed  patrol- 
man July  21,  1896. 


202 


History  of  Police  Department, 


Frank  W.  Millett,  Station  i,  born  in  Corinth,  Me.,  June  25, 
1846;  came  to  Worcester  Dec.  20,  1872;  served  during  war  in 
Troop  M,  2d  Maine  Cavalry;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  27,  1887. 

George  E.  Moore,  Station  i,  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Jan. 
i,  1865  ;  came  to  Worcester  in  1887;  appointed  patrolman  March 
14,  1892. 

Jeremiah  J.  Moynihan,  Station  i,  born  in  Killarney,  Kerry 
county,  Ireland,  Dec.  24,  1865;  came  to  Worcester  in  1881  ; 
appointed  patrolman  Sept.  3,  1897;  captain  of  G  Co.  (Emmet 
Guards),  gth  Regiment,  M.  V.  M.,  since  Aug.  27,  1894;  served 
as  captain  of  G  Co.  in  Cuba  in  1898  in  Spanish- American  War. 


PATROL- WAGON. 


Patrick  J.  Murphy,  Station  i,  born  in  Auburn,  Mass.,  Jan.  2, 
1857;  came  to  \Vorcester  in  1860;  appointed  patrolman  Xov.  18, 
1895. 

George  P.  Xewton,  Station  i,  born  in  Oxford,  Mass.,  Oct.  12, 
1871 ;  came  to  Worcester  in  1879;  appointed  patrolman  June  20, 
1898. 

Henry  P.  Nugent,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  May  18,  1866; 
appointed  patrolman  July  20,  1896. 

James  P.  O'ConnelJ,  Station  2,  born  in  Ireland  April  10,  1849; 
came  to  Worcester  July  5,  1864;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  7, 
1884. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  203 

James  O'Connor,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  June  30,  1855; 
appointed  patrolman  Jan.  4,  1886. 

John  O'Connor,  Station  i,  born  in  Ireland  Oct.  6,  1850;  came 
to  Worcester  in  1868;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i,  1880. 

John  E.  O'Day,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  March  29,  1850; 
appointed  patrolman  Jan.  7,  1884. 

Peter  J.  O'Marrah,  Station  i,  born  in  New  York  city  April  13, 
1845;  came  to  Worcester  March  21,  1878;  during  Civil  War 
served  D  Co.,  37th  New  York  Infantry ;  B  Co.,  5th  N.  Y.  Cavalry, 
and  in  government  service  from  November,  1863,  to  June,  1864; 
appointed  patrolman  Nov.  18,  1895. 

John  O'Sullivan,  Station  i,  born  in  Killarney,  Kerry  county, 
Ireland,  July  i,  1847;  came  to  Worcester  May  30,  1870;  ap- 
pointed patrolman  Jan.  i,  1881. 

Chandler  J.  Pike,  Station  2,  born  in  Hopkinton,  Mass.,  March 
17,  1839;  came  to  Worcester  in  1885  ;  appointed  patrolman  April 
13,  1896;  during  Civil  War  served  in  H  Co.,  7th  Mass.  Regiment 
Volunteers. 

William  A.  Piper,  night  doorman  Station  i,  born  in  Holderness, 
N.  H.,  March  10,  1842;  came  to  Worcester  Nov.  15,  1870; 
served  during  Civil  War  in  H  Co.,  ist  N.  H.  Cavalry;  appointed 
patrolman  May  6,  1873;  made  doorman  in  1898. 

Fred  W.  Porter,  Station  i,  born  in  Kentville,  Kings  county, 
N.  S.,  Sept.  9,  1858;  came  to  Worcester  in  March,  1878;  ap- 
pointed patrolman  July  20,  1896. 

Pierce  P.  Power,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  Sept.  4,  1876; 
appointed  patrolman  April  30,  1900. 

James  M.  Quimby,  Station  2,  born  in  Weare,  N.  H.,  Aug.  20, 
1845;  came  to  Worcester  Aug.  16,  1866;  served  during  Civil 
War  in  2d  X.  H.  Volunteer  Infantry  three  years,  and  ist  N.  H. 
H.  A.  one  year;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  6,  1880,  and  May  12, 
1888. 

William  R.  Ramsdell,  Station  i,  born  in  Milo,  Me.,  Jan.  6, 
1855;  came  to  \Vorcester  in  1875;  appointed  patrolman  Feb. 
20,  1883. 


204       •  •  History  of  Police  Department, 

John  W.  Reardon,  Station  I,  born  in  Palmer,  Mass.,  Oct.  9, 
1857;  came  to  Worcester  in  1858;  appointed  patrolman  March 
5-  1884. 

James  W.  Roche,  Station  i,  born  in  Grafton,  Mass.,  July  10, 
1854;  came  to  Worcester  in  1865;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  5, 
1885. 

George  E.  Rogers,  Station  2,  born  in  Columbus,  O.,  Dec.  20, 
1863;  came  to  Worcester  July  2,  1890;  appointed  patrolman  June 
6, 


Patrick  F.  Ryan,  Station  2,  born  in  Wrentham,  Mass.,  March 
17,  1849;  came  to  Worcester  July  i,  1870;  served  during  Civil 
War  in  Co.  H,  4th  Mass.  Cavalry;  appointed  patrolman  May 
7,  1889. 

William  J.  Ryan,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  Oct.  9,  1869; 
appointed  patrolman  July  20,  1896. 

Joseph  A.  Sinnott,  Station  i,  born  in  Duxbury,  Vt.,  Feb.  29, 
1860;  came  to  Worcester  Nov.  16,  1881 ;  served  several  years 
in  Fire  Department  at  headquarters ;  appointed  patrolman  July 
20,  1896. 

Charles  H.  Shippee,  Station  i,  born  in  Colrain,  Mass.,  Oct. 
9,  1846;  came  to  Worcester  in  1875;  one  of  first  permanent 
members  of  Worcester  Fire  Department ;  appointed  patrolman 
May  31,  1886. 

Edwin  H.  Streeter,  Station  i,  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  June 
9,  1845  '•>  came  to  \Vorcester  in  1889;  during  Civil  War  served  in  I 
Co.,  9th  N.  H.  Infantry;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  25,  1897. 

Henry  B.  Streeter,  Station  i,  born  in  Concord,  Vt.,  Jan.  24. 
1835;  came  to  Worcester  in  1872;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i, 
1870. 

William  H.  Spencer,  Station  i,  born  in  Edinboro,  Me..  Jan.  i, 
1855;  came  to  Worcester  in  1890;  appointed  patrolman  July 
26,  1897. 

Thomas  J.  Spencer,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  Oct.  14,  1869; 
appointed  patrolman  July  26,  1897. 

Daniel  F.  Sullivan,  Station  i ,  born  in  Worcester,  March  i ,  1 868 ; 
appointed  patrolman  June  6,  1892. 


Worcester,  Massachusetts.  205 

Apollos  Q.  Thayer,  Station  i,  born  in  Wilmington,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  6,  1854;  came  to  Worcester  Oct.  26,  1880;  appointed  patrol- 
man Jan.  4,  1886. 

Romanzo  Thayer,  Station  i,  born  in  Wilmington,  N.  Y.,  March 
17,  1858;  came  to  Worcester  March  7,  1882;  appointed  patrol- 
man Jan.  8,  1885. 

Charles  J.  Thompson,  Station  2,  born  in  Ireland  March  n, 
1846;  came  to  Worcester  in  January,  1864;  appointed  patrolman 
Jan.  5,  1885. 

August  Thnnman,  Station  2,  born  in  Sweden  March  6,  1859; 
came  to  Worcester  May  21,  1880;  appointed  patrolman  March 
21,  1890. 

Elliott  Tyler,  night  doorman  at  Station  2,  born  in  Whitingham, 
Vt.,  Jan.  17,  1832;  came  to  Worcester  Jan.  i,  1866;  appointed 
patrolman  Jan.  i,  1873;  made  doorman  in  1892. 

James  J.  Tierney,  Station  i,  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  Dec.  10, 
1850;  came  to  Worcester  in  1859;  appointed  patrolman  March 
24,  1890. 

Samuel  W.  Wrard,  Station  i,  born  in  Worcester  June  20,  1845 ; 
served  during  Civil  War  in  Co.  H,  25th  Mass.  Regiment  Volun- 
teers;  appointed  patrolman  Jan.  i,  1878. 

John  H.  Walker,  Station  i,  born  in  Upton,  Mass.,  Jan.  15. 
1848;  came  to  Worcester  Oct.  i,  1872;  served  during  Civil  War 
in  3d  Mass.  H.  A. ;  appointed  patrolman  May  28,  1900. 

Rolla  C.  Walbridge,  Station  i,  born  in  Palatine,  Cook  county, 
111.,  Feb.  16,  1867;  came  to  Worcester  in  1868;  appointed  patrol- 
man June  27,  1898. 

David  J.  Whelan,  Station  2,  born  in  Worcester  June  15,  1869; 
appointed  patrolman  Jan.  18,  1894. 

John  F.  White,  Station  i,  born  in  Bradford,  Eng.,  Jan.  n, 
1864;  came  to  Worcester  in  1866;  appointed  patrolman  March 

22,  1890. 

George  H.  Whiting,  Station  2,  born  in  Fayville,  Mass.,  April 

23,  1856;    came  to  Worcester  in  March,  1864;  appointed  patrol- 
man March  14,  1892. 


2O6 


History  of  Police  Department. 


Frederick  W.  Williams,  Station  I,  born  in  Petersham,  Mass.. 
April  24,  1859;  came  to  Worcester  in  1882;  appointed  patrolman 
May  10,  1887. 


Michael  F.  Kennedy,  driver,  born  in  Clinton  county,  X.  Y., 
Feb.  13,  1869;  came  to  Worcester  in  1874;  appointed  Jan.  i,  1890. 

Edward  E.  Wilson,  driver,  born  in  Greenfield,  Yt.,  July  7, 
1862;  came  to  Worcester  in  1864;  appointed  Jan.  i,  1890. 

Robert  Taft,  driver,  born  in  Charlton,  Mass.,  April  27,  1876; 
came  to  Worcester  in  June,  1892 ;  served  in  Cuban  campaign  in 
Spanish-American  War  in  1898  in  C  Co.,  2d  Mass.  Regiment, 
Volunteer  Infantry;  appointed  Sept.  i,  1899. 


PATROL- WAGON. 


Alfred  A.  Sanderson,  attendant  Station  i,  born  in  Rutland, 
Mass.,  Aug.  31,  1843;  came  to  Worcester  in  1863;  served  during 
Civil  War  in  Co.  B,  5ist  Mass.  Volunteer  Infantry;  appointed 
Oct.  9,  1899. 

Henry  W.  Butler,  janitor  Station  i,  born  in  East  Douglas, 
Mass.,  Dec.  29,  1833;  served  in  Civil  War  in  Co.  A,  ist  Conn. 
Cavalry;  came  to  Worcester  in  July,  1881  ;  appointed  June  i, 
1897. 


Dr.    Francis    Shaw,   ambulance  surgeon,   resigned  Aug.    15, 
1900,  and  Dr.  Arthur  C.  Doten  was  appointed. 


i£^> ®. 


. 


J-  -*• 


208  Advertisements. 


STATE  MUTUAL 

LIFE  ASSURANCE  CO., 

OF    WORCESTER,    MASS. 


A.  G.  BULLOCK,         .......         President. 

THOMAS  H.  GAGE.         ......     Vice-president. 

HENRY  M.   WITTER,  ......         Secretary. 

GEORGE  W.  MACKINTIRE,      .....  Treasurer. 

WILLIAM  E.  STARR Actuary. 

BURTON  H.  WRIGHT,  .  .  Supt.  of  Agencies. 

Consulting  Physicians  : 
THOMAS  H.  GAGE,  M.  D.  ALBERT  WOOD,  M.  D. 


CHARTERED    J844. 


annual  DivioenDs  of  Surplus. 

Claims  paiO  on  proof  of  Beatb. 

policy  Contract  Simple  an&  liberal. 

No  needless  restrictions  or  useless  technicalities.     '-Cash  Values"  and  "Paid-up  Values"  fixed  by  law. 


No  Massachusetts  Life  Company  Ever  Failed. 


This  Company  paid  all  the  death-claims  of  48  years  from  the  interest  earned  by  its  invested  funds. 

COMPANY'S  BUILDING,  340  MAIN  STREET. 

THE  STATE  SAFE  DEPOSIT  Co. 

STATE  MUTUAL  BUILDING, 

340  Main  St.,      -      Worcester,  Mass. 


The  Vaults  of  the  State  Safe  Deposit  Co.  are  in  the  new  building  of  the  State 
Mutual  Life  Assurance  Co.,  and  the  vaults,  doors,  locks,  safes,  etc.,  are  of  unusual 
strength  and  thickness,  and  in  every  detail  of  their  construction  the  utmost 
thoroughness  has  been  observed.  The  premises  are  entirely  above  ground,  light, 
and  well  ventilated,  and  are  under  constant  supervision  night  and  day,  and  every 
precaution  will  be  taken  to  secure  perfect  protection.  The  safes  are  commodious, 
of  various  sizes,  and  accessible  only  to  renters. 


Prices  from  $5  upwards,  according  to  size. 


A.  G.  BULLOCK,  President. 

H.  M.  WITTER,  Secretary. 

HALLECK  BARTLETT,  Manager. 


Advertisements. 


209 


The  Worcester  Rational  Bank, 

ORGANIZED  MAY  9,  1864. 

Formerly  The  Worcester  Bantc, 

INCORPORATED  MARCH  7,  1804. 


Capital, 

Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits, 


$250,000. 
215,000, 


Banking  House,  No.  9  Foster  St. 

DISCOUNT  DAY,  MONDAY, 


DIRECTORS: 

STEPHEN  SALISBURY,  President.  CHAS.  A.  CHASE. 

JOSIAH  H.  CLARKE.  JAMES  P.  HAMILTON. 

A.  GEORGE  BULLOCK.  LINCOLN  N.  KINNICUTT. 

JONAS  G.  CLARK.  EDWARD  L.  DAVIS. 

Cashier,  JAMES  P.  HAMILTON. 


NEW  YORK  CORRESPONDENTS, 


BOSTON  CORRESPONDENT,  NATIONAL  EXCHANGE  BANK. 
CHICAGO  CORRESPONDENT,  COMMERCIAL  NATIONAL  BANK. 


Interest  Allowed 
on  Special  De- 
posits Subject  to 
Check 


Worcester  County  Institution  for  Savings, 

No.  13  Foster  St.,  Worcester. 


CHARTERED  FEBRUARY,  1828. 


This  Institution  was  established 
February  5,  1828.  Its  object  is  to 
receive  and  safely  invest  the  sav- 
ings of  the  people,  especially  of 
those  who  work  for  wages  or  on 
salary. 

Money  is  put  on  interest  on  the 
first  day  of  January,  April,  July, 
and  October.  Interest  on  deposits 
is  computed  to  January  i  and 
July  i. 

Dividends  are  payable  January 
15  and  July  15. 


STEPHEN  SALISBURY,  President. 


CHARLES  A.  CHASE,  Treasurer. 


210  Advertisements. 


448  Main  Street,  opp,  City  Hall, 


CAPITAL,  $200,000.  SURPLUS,  $100,000. 


Transacts  a   GENERAL  BANKING  business. 

INTEREST  allowed  on  DAILY  BALANCES, 
subject  to  check  at  sight. 

The  Company  may  act  as  TRUSTEE,  as  EX- 
ECUTOR, as  ADMINISTRATOR,  as  GUARD- 
IAN, as  RECEIVER,  as  ASSIGNEE 


SAFES  TO  RENT,  $5  to  $50  per  year,  ™«««e-  «-*«,  for 


SAFE-KEEPING 


EDWARD  F.  BISCO,   President. 
SAML  AI>  H.  CLARY,  Secretary. 


THE 


•Rational 

Of  Worcester,  State  Mutual  Building. 


CflPlTflli  flflD  SURPLUS,   $500,000, 


NATHANIEL  PAINE,  Presiient.         BERTICE  F.  SAWYER,  Cashier. 


DIRECTORS: 


LORING  GOES.  THOMAS  H.  GAGE.  T.  HOVEY  GAGE,  JR. 

WILLIAM  E.  RICE.        HEXRY  M.  WITTER.  OTIS  E.  PUTNAM. 

ARTHUR  M.  STOXE.      EDWARD  D.  THAYER,  JR.     NATHANIEL  PAINE. 


Advertisements. 


THE  FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK, 

WORCESTER,  MASS. 

This  Bank  solicits  accounts  from  individuals,  firms  and  corporations, 

and  will  be  pleased  to  meet  or  correspond  with  those 

who  contemplate  making  changes  or 

opening    new  accounts. 


Interest  Allowed  on  Special  Deposits  Subject  to  Check. 


ALBERT  H.  WAITE,   President.          GILBERT  K.  RAND,  Cashier. 


DIRECTORS. 

CHARLES  C.  HOUGHTON,  ALBERT  H.  WAITE, 

ORLANDO  w.  NORCROSS,  FREDERICK  E.  REED, 

WILLIAM  H.  SAWYER,  WILLIAM  H.  INMAN, 

RANSOM  C.  TAYLOR,  ARTHUR  P.  RUGG. 

J.  RUSSEL  MARBLE, 


THE 


Q,      Q. 

311  Main  St.,  Worcester,  Mass, 


Incorporated.    May   15,    1851. 


ASSETS,  JUNE  30,  1900,          .          .          $7,377,072.93, 


PRESIDENT,  AUGUSTUS  B.  R.  SPRAGUE. 
TREASURER,  HENRY  WOODWARD. 
ASST.  TREASURER,  FRANK  W.  CUTTING. 


Deposits  from  Five  Dollars  to  One  Thousand  Dollars  are  re- 
ceived and  put  on  interest  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  January,  April, 
July  and  October. 

Dividends  are  declared  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  January  and  July 
(payable  on  or  after  the  first  day  of  February  and  August). 


Advertisements. 


THE  CITIZENS'  NATIONAL  BANK, 

OF 

WORCESTER,  MASS., 
STATE  MUTUAL  BUILDING,  342  MAIN  ST. 


RECEIVES  ACCOUNTS  OF  CORPORATIONS, 
FIRMS  AND  INDIVIDUALS  ON  FAVORABLE 
TERMS,  AND  WILL  BE  PLEASED  TO  MEET 
OR  CORRESPOND  WITH  THOSE  WHO 
CONTEMPLATE  MAKING  CHANGES  OR 
OPENING  NEW  ACCOUNTS. 


HENRY    S.    PRATT,  .  ..•   '       PRESIDENT. 

GEORGE    A.    SMITH,     .       ; '•.  .        CASHIER. 

FRANK    RICHARDSON,       .  .    ASST.  CASHIER. 


CAPITAL  AND  SURPLUS,  $228,000.     DEPOSITS,  $1,600,000. 


WlNSLOW    &    CO., 

BANKERS, 

342   MAIN   STREET, 
STATE  MUTUAL  BUILDING, 

WORCESTER,  MASS. 


Advertisements. 


213 


VIEW  OF  OUR  COAL  YARD,  LOOKING  SOUTH. 


THE  WORCESTER  COAL  CO. 

Dealers  in  Susquehanna  free-burning  Coal, 
Jeddo  and  Lattimer  Lehigh,  American  Co.'s 
Cumberland,  and  Foundry  Coke.  :  : 

General  Office,    536    Main  Street. 


Jfinnicutt  <Sc 


investment  bankers, 


359  Ttyain  St.,   Worcester,   77?  ass. 


J.  A.  FAYERWEATHER,  Pres.  R.  F.  UPHAM,  Sec'y  &  Treas.  F.  P.  KENDALL,  Asst.  Sec'y. 

CUoreester 
flQutaal  pire  Insurance  Co. 

Office,  377  Main  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


Insures  the  safest  class  of  property  against  fire  and  lightning,  and  Policy 
holders  share  the  profits.  Large  dividends  being  returned.  Information  gladly 
furnished. 


214  Advertisements. 


Worcester  Gas  Light  Company, 


INCORPORATED    1851. 

Office,  240  Main  Street. 


CAPITAL,  -  $5OO,OOO. 


DIRECTORS  : 

CHARLES  DUDLEY  LAMSOX.  A    GEORGE  BULLOCK. 

JOSIAH  H.  CLARKE.  FRANCIS  H.  DEWEY. 

ALBERT  WOOD.  SAMUEL  B.  WOODWARD. 


Pres.  and  Gen'l  Manager,       CHARLES   DUDLEY    LAMSOX. 
Treasurer  and  Clerk,  -          -          JAMES   P.    HAMILTOX, 


GAS  WORKS,  QUINSIGAMOND  AVENUE. 
Price  of  Gas,  $1,20  per  Thousand  Cubic  Feet, 

A  discount  of  20  cents  on  a  thousand  feet  will  be  allowed  if  paid  on  or  before 
the  FIFTEENTH  of  the  month. 


COKK    FOR    SALE 

In  large  or  small  quantities.    Orders  may 
be  left  at  this  office,  or  at  the  works. 

NOTICE  OF  LEAKS  or  of  trouble  with  supply  may  be  left  at  the  office  of 
the  Company  and  will  be  promptly  attended  to. 


All  Leaks  are  Dangerous  and  should  be  Promptly  Reported. 


Advertisements. 


WORCESTER 
ELECTRIC   LIGHT  COMPANY, 


omce  AND  STATION, 


66  TSRHDAY  STREET. 


DIRECTORS : 

THOMflS  M.  ROGERS.  STEPHEN  SALISBURY. 

LORING  GOES.  R.  B.  R.  SPRHGUE. 

N.  S.  LISCOMB.  THEODORE  C    BflTES. 

JOSIHH  PICKETT. 

THOMAS  M.  ROGERS,  President. 

HERBERT  H.  FAIRBANKS,  Treas.  and  Sec'y. 

WM.  H.  COUGHLIN,   Superintendent. 


Arc  and  Incandescent  Electric  Lighting  and  Power. 


21  6 


Advertisements. 


\RTorcestcr 
Consolidated 


Company* 


OFFICERS : 

F.  H.  DEWEY,  President. 

<J.  N.  HKHRMflN,  Silpeririten 

H.  H.  STONE,  Treasurer. 


15  Market 
Street. 


Advertisements.  217 


J.V,,,.,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, „„.„,„„.„, ,„„,., „„„„„„„ 


SAMUEL   E.   WINSLOW,  THOS.   T.    ROBINSON, 

PRESIDENT.  TREASURER. 


Ulorcesier  and  Suburban 

Street  Railway  Company. 


*  Portland  Street, 
Worcester,          mass. 


2i8  Advertisements. 


COMPLIMENTS    OF 


WORCESTER  &  CLINTON 
STREET  RAILWAY  Co. 


OFFICE, 
LEOMINSTER,     MASS. 


COMPLIMENTS     OF 


CLINTON   &    HUDSON 
STREET  RAILWAY  Co. 


OFFICE, 
LEOMINSTER,     MASS. 


THE= 


WORCESTER  &  WEBSTER 
ST.  RAILWAY  CO. 


Private  Parties  ) 

Excursion    "      V  Accommodate! 

Theatre      "     j 


Boating,  Bathing  and  Outing  Accommodations  at 
Lake  Chaubunagungamaug  and  Beacon  Park,  Web= 
ster. 


Telephone  Street  Railway  Co.  for  Particulars,  No.  1040. 


Advertisements. 


219 


American  Car  Sprinkler  Co. 


F.  W.  WELLINGTON,  Pres. 
M.  J.  WIIITTALL,  V.  Pres. 


(INCORPORATED.) 


ALFRED  THOMAS,  Treas. 
FKANK  D.  PEKKY,  Gen.  Supt. 


Contracts  Solicited  for  Sprinkling-  Entire  Cities.      Sprinkling  Cars  Leased  on  Reasonable 
Terms.     Local  companies  formed  for  carrying  on  work  of  street  sprinkling. 

This  Company  controls  all  patents  of  the  United 
Tramway  Sprinkler  Co. ,  Louisville,  Ky.  ^rn^^^^m 


^Worcester,  Mass. 


COES  WRENCH  CO. 


LORING   GOES.    PRESIDENT. 
JOHN   H.  GOES,  TREASURER. 
F.   L.  GOES,  SECRETARY. 


INCORPORATED     1888. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


L.  GOES'  Genuine  Improved 


Patent  Screw  Wrenches. 


Patented  Dec.  15,  iSqi,  and  April  30,  1895. 
The  Best  Made  and  Strongest  Wrench  in  the  Market. 


Office,  Goes  Square, 


Worcester,   Mass. 


Advertisements. 


Wright  &  Colton  Wire  Cloth  Co. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Wire  Cloth, 
Poultry  Netting. 
Broom,  Mattress, 
Market,  Store, 
&  Florists'  Wire. 


Wood  Screws,  Nails, ,/ ; 
Rivets,  Staples, 
D.  P.  Tacks,  Rid- 
dles, Coal  Screens. 


Factories : 
WOKCESTUK,  MASS.,  AND 

l'.\  i   M  Ki;     MASS.  Weslern  Branch,  79  LAKE  ST..  CHICAGO.  ILL.,  I.  S.  1. 


Main  Office,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


SPENCER  WIRE  CO., 

JACQUES    AND    WEBSTER    STREETS, 
WORCESTER,    MASS. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Iron  and  Bessemer  Steel  Wire 


AND 


Wire  Specialties* 


MILLS  AT  WORCESTER  AND  SPENCER,   MASS. 


Advertisements. 


to  vt/ 

i  The  American  Steel  and  I 


Wire  Company,  : 

~to                       -^-^^^^— ^^^^^^—  Nl/ 

to  y 

<IS  y 

flv  y 

to  v' 


. 


*f? 

i  $ 

I  WASHBURN  &  MOEN  DEPT.  I 


WORCESTER,  MASS, 


MANUFACTURERS    OF. 


Every  form  of   Iron,   Steel,  Copper  and 
Aluminum  Wire. 

Every  form  of  Insulated  Wire  and  Cable. 
Springs  of  every  kind,  Round  or  Flat. 

Wire   Rope   for  every  purpose,    and    of 
every  size. 

Round  and  F:lat  Tempered  Wires. 
Woven  Wire  Fence. 
Galvanized  Poultry  Netting. 


Advertisements. 


ASK  YOUR  DRY  GOODS 
DEALER  TOR  THE 


ROYAL  UNDERGARMENTS, 


I3Y 


WM.  H.  BURNS  CO. 

ALWAYS  MADE  WELL, 
EIT  WELL,  AND 
WEAR  WELL. 


;iSiS82SS8i?2SSSSSS828SSS8SSSS2!SS;S2S2^^ 

•^••- ..,...;,          £ 


ror  58  Years 


The  Guardians 
of  the  Peace  of 
Worcester  have 
Faithfully  Pro- 
tected this  .  . 
Store  Against 
Mishap.  .  .  . 
A  Fact  Which 
is  Appreciated 
by  the 


•V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V. 


Barnard,  Sumner  $  Putnam  Co. 


v.v.*.v.v.?;v.v.v.v.82?JV.%VbV 


Advertisements. 


223. 


NEW  YORK. 


DETROIT. 


CHICAGO. 


WORCESTER  CARPET  COMPANY 


Mills  at  Worcester  and  Auburn,  Mass. 


WM.  JAS.  HOGG,  PRES.  &  TREAS. 


W.  F.  HOGG,  V.  PRES.  &  SEC. 


Established  Philadelphia,  1837.       Established  Worcester,  1879.       Incorporated  New  York,  1899. 


GRATON  &  KNIGHT  MFG.  CO. 


TANNERS    AND 


BELT    MAKERS. 


a  :  H 


PS  << 

—  "~ 

D 
O 


Tannery,  Factoty  and  Main  Office,  58  to  62  Bloomingdale  Road,  Worcester,  Mass, 

Send  for  our  Illustrated  Hand-I3ook  descriptive  of  our  PRODUCTS. 

Capital  Stock,  §1,000,000. 


Established  18.51. 


Incorporated  !•>•  .. 


JOS.  A.  KNIGHT.  Pres.     W.  M.  SPAUI.U1NG,  V.  Pres.  &  Sec'y.     HENRY  C.  GRATON,  Treas. 


224 


Advertisements. 


O 


Firearms  manufacturers, 


WORCESTER,   MASS. 


Send  for  Cafalog-ue.- 


1  he  most  important 
part  of  a  police  offi- 
cer's equipment  is 
his  revolver,  bis  last 
resort,  as  it  were. 


POLICE 


PRO"  ECTION 


H.  &  R.  ARMS  CO.'S  POLICE  AUTOMATIC 

Is  the  best  high-grade  revolver  (sold  at  a  reasonable  price)  that 
is  adapted  for  police  use.     32  and  38  calibers,  S.  &  W.  Cartridges. 

For  sale  by  the  leading  dealers  in  Firearms,  Hardware  and  Sporting  Goods 


Send  for  descriptive  catalogue  to  the  Manufacturer. 


HARRINGTON  &  RICHARDSON  ARMS  GO,, 


WORCESTER,  MASS. 
U.  S.  A.. 


Advertisements. 


225 


CURTIS  &  MARBLE  MACHINE  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


WOOL-BURRING,   PICKING  AND  MIXING  MACHINERY. 


Cloth=Finishing  Machinery 


For  Cotton,  Woolen,  Worsted  and  Felt 
Goods,  Plushes,  Velvets,  Corduroys, 
Carpets,  Rugs,  Mats,  Etc.  .  . 


Shearing  Machines  of  all  Kinds        c«  /,      v.  -j^     m.     m  » 

a  specialty.  56  Cambridge  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


ESTABLISHED  1872. 
Western  Union  Tel.  Code. 


INCORPORATED  1898. 

Lieber's  Code.  ABC  Code  (4th  Edition). 

CABLE  ADDRESS,  "DRILATHE." 


PRENTICE  BROS.  COMPANY, 

BUILDERS       OF 

MACHINES    AAT7)     BAGJJVB    LATHES. 


WORCESTER,    MASS.,     U.    S.    A. 


226 


Advertisements. 


MACHINE  SCREWS 

U.  8.  STANDARD  FINISHED. 

Hardened 


WORCESTER  CORSET  COMPANY, 


WORCESTER,  HAS5. 


Manufactory,  WYMAX,  HOLL1S  AND  GRAND  STS.  Retail  Store,  328  MAIN  ST. 

— TELEPHONE  473-2. 


Advertisements. 


227 


The  Largest  Skate  Factory  in  the  World. 


The  Samuel  Winslow  Skate  Mfg,  Co, 


WORCESTER,  MASS.,  U.  S.  A. 


WINSLOW    SPEED     SKATE. 


srsasa  ICE  AND  ROLLER  SKATES. 


Manufacture  the  largest  and 

most  mod 

both 


SEND    FOR    CATALOGUE    AND    PRICE-LIST. 


UNION  WATER  METER  CO. 


INCORPORATED   NOV.    9. 1868. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


WATER  METERS, 


WATER,  STEAM  AND  GAS  REGULA- 
TORS, STEAM  GONGS,  CHRONOME- 
TER VALVES,  WASTE  STOPS,  BAND 
STOPS,  PIPE  LINING  PRESSES,  AND 
WATER  WORKS  SPECIALTIES,  jt  J* 


3 1 -3 7  Hermon  St.,  Worcester,  Mass, 


228 


Advertisements. 


"Heywood  Shoes  Wean" 

OUR  PATROL  SHOE 

MADE    FOR 

POLICE  AND  RAILROAD  MEN, 


POSITIVELY     W/ITERPROOF    50LE. 

EXTRA  QUALITY.  CALF  VAMP.  LEATHER  LINED.  RUBBER  HEEL. 


KeywoodJkol  kShoe  Co. 


436  J\lain  Jt.f  Worcefter,  Maff. 


NORTON    EMERY    WHEEL    CO 


WORCESTER,  MASS. 


FLOOR    SPACE,    123,380    SQUARE    FEET. 


LOCATED  BETWEEN  TRACKS  OF  BOSTON  &  MAINE  AND  FITCHBURG 

R.  R.,  ON  GREENDALE  ELECTRIC  LINE. 


Advertisements. 


229 


THE  WHITE  &   BAGLEY  COMPANY 


MANUFACTURERS   OF 


LUBRICATING  OILS. 


Economy  Drilling  Compound, 
Neverslip  Bar  Belt  Dressing1, 
Mill  .and  Laundry  Soaps 


Manchester  Street, 
WORCESTER,  MASS,  U.  S.  A. 


THERE  ARE  THREE  THINGS  YOU  OUGHT  TO  INVESTIGATE, 
IF  YOU  HAVE  NOT  DONE  SO  ALREADY. 


THE  MONARCH  FIRE-KILLER 

EFFICIENT.  PERMANENT.  INEXPENSIVE. 


MACNITE    COLD   WATER   PAINT 

ECONOMICAL.  FIRE-PROOF.  DURABLE. 


THE  BEST  THERE  IS  IN  PAINT, 


H.  W.  JOHN'S  MFG.  CO.'S  ASBESTOS  PAINT. 


6,  S,  &  A,  J,  HOWE  CO,     20F°s'efSt- 


Worcester,     Mass. 


23° 


Advertisements. 


Wood  Sawed  and  Split  to  Order.  TELEPHONE  CONNECTIONS. 

F.    D.    PERRY 


DEALER    IN 


COAL/   AND   WOOD 


Also  Contractor  for  Excavating  and  Stoning  Cellars. 

Special  attention  given  to  Furniture  Moving  and  Job- 
bing.    Orders  by  Telephone  promptly  attended  to. 


BRANCHES, 

518  Hain  Street,  Builders'  Exchange. 
141  Central  Street. 


MAIN  OFFICE, 

965  Millbnry  Street,  Worcester. 


OFFICE 

5  Ma»n 
WORCESTER.  MASS 


Advertisements. 


231 


JOHN    F.   CHADWICK   &   CO. 


BITUMINOUS 


DEALERS   IN   ALL   KINDS   OF 


COAL 


ANTHRACITE 


ALSO  GOOD  DRY  WOOD  AND  KINDLINGS. 


WOOD  FOR  OPEN  FIRE-PLACES  A  SPECIALTY. 


General  Office,  24  Pleasant  St. 
Branch  Office,  1082  Main  St. 


TELEPHONE  CONNECTION. 


YARDS  AT  NEW  WORCESTER, 

WORCESTER,    MASS. 

ORDERS  SOLICITED. 


HAY. 


GRAIN. 


LIME. 


CEMENT. 


FRED  A.  MANN  &  CO, 

Dealers  in 

ALL=RAIL 

COAL. 


OFFICES, 

7  Pleasant  Street, 

69  Grafton  Street. 


WORCESTER,  MASS. 


232 


Advertisements. 


J.  E.  SNYDER, 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


STANDARD  UPRIGHT  DRILLS. 


A  Full  Line  of  Stationary  and 
Sliding  Head,  from  20  to  36 
inches  inclusive.  ..  .. 

100  Beacon  Street,    WORCESTER,  MASS. 


KABLEY  FOUNDRY  Co., 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

MACHINERY    AND   TOOL    CASTINGS 


A    SPECIALTY. 


56     GOLD     STREET, 


WORCESTER,   MASS. 


SHOPS   OF   F.    E.    REED   COMPANY, 

Gold  and  Lamartine  Sts.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


Manufacturers  of  a  Standard  Line   of  ENGINE   LATHES   from   JO  to  3O  in.  swing; 
also  HAND  LATHES  and  FOOT  LATHES. 


Advertisements. 


233 


SET,  SQ.  CAP 

and  HEX.  CAP 

MACHINE 

SCREWS. 


Also  OIL  EXTRACTORS. 


REED  &  CURTIS  MACHINE  SCREW  CO, 


Send     for     Catalogues. 


Worcester,  Mass. 


Matthews  Mfg.  Company, 


MANUFACTURERS   OF 


STOVE  TRIMMINGS,  BICYCLE  FITTINGS, 


STEAM-PIPE  COLLARS,  FERRULES, 
AND  SHEET  METAL  SPECIALTIES. 


104  Gold  Street,        Worcester,  Mass. 


Worcester  Machine  Screw  Co 

STANDARD  SCREW  CO.  SUCCESSORS, 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 


SET,  CflP 


5CREW5 


IN  IRON,  STEEL  AND  BRASS. 

STUDS  FOR  STEAM  ENGINES,  PUMPS,  ETC. 


CHICAGO,     ILL- 
DETROIT,     MICH. 
LOCKPORT,     N.    Y. 


Worcester,    Mass. 


HIGH 
GRADE 
DROP 


FORCINGS 


IN 


Iron,  Steel,  Copper  and  Bronze. 


WYMAN   &   GORDON,       30  Bradley  St.,  Worcester,  Mass, 


234 


Advertisements. 


A.  H.  Steele  &  Bro. 

and  Supplies 


FOR 


Fabrics. 


«34    Hermuu    St.,     Worcester-,   A/ass. 

J.  S.  WHEELER  &  CO., 

Manufacturers   of 

Planers,  Planer  Centres, 

Planer  Chucks,  Power, 
Screw  and  Foot  Presses, 
Etc.  :  :  : 


MACHINE  JOBBING  TO  OttDER. 


No.  23  Hermon  St.,     Worcester,  Mass. 


ELLIOT   &    HALL, 


MANUFACTURERS    OF  THE 


JBUliot    Glotti.-F*olcl©i? 


AND  STANDARD  MEASURER.- 


54  Hermon  Street,    WORCESTER,  MASS. 


DAVID   GESSNER, 

MANUFACTURER   OF 


Office  and  Works : 
172  UNION  ST.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


Advertisements. 


235 


GEO.  W.  ALLEN,  PRES. 


JOHN  P.  ALLEN,  VlCE-PRES. 


GEO.  F.  HIGGINS,  TREAS. 


Allen -Higgins  Company, 

WALL     PAPER     MANUFACTURERS, 

Worcester,    Mass. 


Manufacturers  of  all  Standard 
Grades  of  Paper  Hangings 


Telephone  No.  638-2. 
Cable  Address,  ARTISTIC. 


Boston  Office.  59  Lincoln  St. 


WORCESTER 
SLIPPER  CO. 

J.  P.  GBOSVENOB. 

Manufacturers  of 
Men's,  Women's  and 
Children's  Shoes  and 
Slippers,  turned  and 
McKay  work.  Ladies' 
Feit  Juliettes,  Cony 
Trimmed,  Embroid- 
ered and  Toilet  Slip- 
pers, Newport  Ties, 
Leather  and  Felt  Sole. 
Above  styles  in  all 
colors.  Beaver,  Felt, 
and  Serge  Bals.  and 
Cpngrets.  Serge  Bus- 
kins,Canvas, andWeb 
Slippers  tor  Women, 
Misses  and  Children. 

Capacity  «,000  pairs 
per  day. 

Telephone  ftW-4. 
Office  and  Factory,  370  Park  A?e.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


Morgan  Construction  Company, 


Worcester,  Mass, 


Morgan  Spring  Company, 

STEEL  WIRE  *  SPRINGS, 


Worcester,  Mass. 


236  Advertisements. 


J.  J.  Warren  Company 

JOHN  M.  WARREN,  President.  \W/  U\1.  H.  HAYDEN,  Sec'y  and  Treas. 

Manufacturers  of  Fine  Leather  and  Canvas  Goods  of  Every  Description, 

WARREN  BUILDING WASHINGTON  SQUARE. 

Telegraph  and  Cable  Address,  "REEDS,"  Worcester,  Mass.,  U.S.  A. 


Hammond  Steed   (Co., 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


HAMMOND'S  NEW  PATENT  REEDS,  PATENT  OCTAVE  COUPLERS, 
FAN  TREMOLOS,  ETC. 


DEALERS   IN 

Organ  Keys  and  all  other 

Organ  Materials.  ••  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


COLUMBIA     ELECTRIC     CO., 

Electrical  Engineers 
anb  Contractors.  .  . 


Office  and  Salesroom,  27  BKSSE  PLACE. 

28  PEARL  ST.,  WORCESTER.  SPBIXGFIELD.  MASS. 


CO., 

17  Mechanic  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


MACHINERY   AND    SUPPLIES 


For  Cotton  and  Woolen  Mills. 


WOOL  STOCK  AND  COTTON  WASTE. 
Agents  for  Keasey  Wood   Pulley  "with.   Iron  Centre. 

W.   H.  CRAWFORD.  JOHN  T.   BRIERLY. 


Advertisements.  237 


CROMPTON  &  KNOWLES  LOOM  WORKS, 

Worcester,   Mass. 


MAKERS    OF 


Plain  and  Fancy  Looms 

For  weaving 

Worsteds,  Woolens, 

Carpets,  Rugs,  Plush,  Duck, 

Ginghams,  Silks,    Sheetings,   Print 

Cloths,    and  every  type  of  Textile   Fabric. 


BRANCH  WORKS,    PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 


STANDARD    FOUNDRY    COMPANY, 

IRON  FOUNDERS. 


SPECIAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO 
THE  MANUEACTURE  OF  HIGH 
GRADE  MACHINERY  CASTINGS. 


Tainter  and  Gardner  Streets,  Worcester,  Mass. 


Pine  AacfyinerY  Castings, 

Worcester, 


238 


Advertisements. 


T.  A.  CALLAHAN,  Treas. 


_ ^Callahan  Supply  Co., 


Wholesale  Dealers 
and  Jobbers  in    .    . 

PLUMBERS'  SUPPLIES. 

32  and  34  Foster  St., 
46  Waldo  St , 

WORCESTER,       -       MASS. 


J.  H.  WASHBURN,  PRES. 


C.  S.  CHAPIN,  SEC.  AND  TREAS. 


Washburn  &  Garfield  Manufacturing  Go, 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 


WROUGHT  IRON  9  BRASS  PIPE, 

Steam,  Gas  and  Water  Supplies.    Mechanical 
and  Heating  Engineers.     Steam  Construction. 


Foster  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


BOSTON. 


ESTABLISHED     1848. 


WORCESTER. 


BKAMAN,  DOW  &  CO., 


7  Washington  Square,  Worcester,  Mass. 


CONTRACTORS   FOR   ALL  KINDS   OF 

Mill  Piping, 

And  Apparatus  for  Heating  by  Steam  and  Hot  Water. 


JAMES  G.  ALEXANDER,  A^ent  for  Worcester  Branch. 


Advertisements. 


239 


A.   A.    McLouighLlio, 

fttumber* 

PLUMBING,     DRAINAGE    AND     VENTILATING. 


Estimates  Given.    Jobbing  Promptly  Attended  to. 


Telephone  564-5. 


Rear  25  Exchange  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


EDWIN    HAWES, 


Steam  %m   Hot   Water   Heating 

ENGINEER, 

185  Front  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


jonnson,  i  nos.  ±1.  Hall,  ur.  Jidw.  U.  Fl&gg,  Kelson  Fairbanks,  D. 
McCarthy,  Andrew  Harper,  R.  F.  Mathews,  H.  Mecorney,  Jos.  Flint, 
Wm.  H.  Mason,  Worcester. 

List  of  a  few  people  using-  AH  Right  Heaters:  A.  G.  Bullock,  Dr.  J 
Garst,  Thos.  Talbot,  Miss  A.  T.  Chapin,  C.  F.  Rugg,  C.  J.  Ekstedt, 
Dr.  F.  H.  Kendrick,  J.  L.  Ellsworth,  C.  F.  Stowell,  G.  C.  Bryant, 
Theo.  Day,  C.  H.  Goodell,  John  T.  McGuire,  A.  W.  Gifford,  W.  B 
Townsend,  N.  F.  Tucker,  Edw.  Moulton,  Geo.  V.  Barker,  W.  E.  Hall, 
A.  McDerniid,  Worcester;  L.  S.  Watson,  Leicester;  Geo.  Taft,  Whit- 
insville. 

VOLUNTEER.  Te/ephone  ATo.  427-3. 

H.  A.  McMANUS.  Established  1852.  F.  B.  JORDAN. 

J.  W.  Jordan  &  Co., 


SANITARY    .. 

Stoves,  Ranges  and  Furnaces. 


AGEMS  FOR  THE  CELEBRATED 
HAGEE  GOODS. 


609  Main  Street. 


C.  R.  CAMPBELL, 


SANITARY    PLUMBING. 


240  Advertisements. 


E.   B.  STODDARD,  J.  W.  BISHOP,  H.  N.  LEACH, 

President.  Treas.  and  Gen'l  Manager.  Asst.  Treas.  and  Sec'y. 

J.  W.  BISHOP  CO., 


General  Contractors  and  Manufacturers 
of  all  kinds  of 


FIRST-CLflSS  INTERIOR  FINISH. 


Bank,  Store  and  Office  Fittings. 
Cabinet  Work  and  Architectural  Iron  Work. 


Offices  and  Factory : 

107  FOSTER  ST.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  417  Butler  Exchange.      Boston,  Mass.,  408  Exchange  Building. 
Montreal,  P.  Q.,  34  Canada  Life  Building. 

G.  H.  CUTTING.  B.  C.  FISKE.  W.  W.  CARTER.  G.  B,  CUTTING. 

G.  H.  CUTTING  &  COMPANY, 

SUCCESSORS    TO 

CUTTING,  BARDWELL  &  COMPANY, 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION. 


BOSTON  ADDRESS, 
15     FEDERAL    STREET.  WORCESTER,      MASS. 


GE.OKGE,   A.    BARNARD, 

Roofing  and  3f)eet  Aetal 

Slate,  Asphalt,  Coal  Tar,  Copper,  Tin  and 
Tile  Roofing.  Metal  Skylights,  Cornices, 
Finials,  Gutters,  and  Bay  Windows.  .  .  . 
Ornamental  Copper  Work  a  specialty.  .  . 


74  PRE8COTT  ST.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


Advertisements. 


241 


€?eor«-e  Hatch. 


F.  W.  Barnes. 


HATCH  &  BARNES, 

DOORS,  SASH,  BLINDS 

AND  FINE  BUILDERS'  FINISH. 

PRACTICAL.    STAIR    BUILDERS. 

Newels,  Balusters  and  Rails  Constantly  on  Hand   and  Made  to  Order.     Wood   Turning 
a  Specialty. 


©ffice,  163  Tnmon  Street, 


Wlorcester, 


.  .  .  and  Cabinet  u/orJc. 


COII^TIVO 


SHUTTERS. 


FLEXIBLE  DOOR    &  SHUTTER  CO., 


CENTRAL  STREET, 


WORCESTER,  MASS. 


BAY  STftTE  PINK  GRflJlITE 


Capital  Stock,   $500,000. 


OWNERS    AND 
PRODUCERS    OF   THE 


FAMOUS  PINK   GRANITE. 

QUARRIES  AT  MILFORD,  MASS. 

Rough  or  finished  granite  in  any 
quantity  furnished  on  short  notice. 
Deliveries  made  to  any  point  in  the 
United  States. 

Office,    47O 


STl^BJBT, 


242  Advertisements. 


TELEPHONE    CONNECTION. 


MASONRY 


w. 

97  BUILDERS'  EXCHANGE,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

GRANOLITHIC 

AND  CONCRETE 

Artificial  Stone  Walks  and  Drives.  Tar  Concrete  Walks  and  Drives. 

Asphalt  Floors  for  Basements,  Stables,  Breweries  and  Mills. 

GRAVEL  ROOFING.        CEMENT  CELLARS. 

KOSMOCRETE    STEEL    BOUND   CURB. 

Established   1868.  Incorporated  1893. 

THE  SMITH,  GREEN  COMPANY, 

R.  C.  CLEVELAND,  Pres.  A.  H.  GREEN.  Treas. 

26,  28  and  32   Shrewsbury   Street. 

HEADQUARTERS     FOR 

Cement    and.    Pilaster. 


GROCERY  STORE,,  MEAT  MAB^KE,T, 

FISH  MARKE/T. 

WORCESTER.    MASSACHUSETTS. 

S.   I.  HOWARD, 

CARPENTER  AND  BUILDER. 

ESTIMATES  FURNISHED  ON  ALL  KINDS  OF  WORK. 


Store  Fronts  in  Heavy   Brick,   Stone  or  Iron 
Buildings  a  Specialty. 

SKYLIGHT  LIFTS   MANUFACTURED   AND  ADJUSTED. 

SHOP,  REAR    63    MAIN    ST.,  WORCESTER 


A.  S.  MILLER,  JR.  .TREAS.  R.   H.   BROWN,  CHIEF  ENGINEER. 

EASTERN  BRIDGE  AND  STRDCTURAL  CO,, 

Engineers.  Contractors  and  Manufacturers  of 

^Structural  Work 


OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION. 

Steel  and  iron  frame  work  for  buildings,  roofs,  railroad  and  highway  bridges. 
PLANS  AND  ESTIMATES  FURNISHED.     WHITE  US. 

QtrOOT        WnrnOOtar        MOCC  Works   besides   tracks  of  Fitchburg  and   B. 

OllCCl,      TVUIGCSICI.      IViaSSi         A  M.  Railroads,  \Vorcester,  Mass. 


A  dvcrt  ise  m  ents.  243 


OJOROBSTER 

CONCRETE  PAVING  COMPANY 


N.   R.  POWER  &  CO.,  PROPS. 


GRAVEL    ROOFING,   CEMENTING, 

AND  ALL  KINDS  OF  GRANOLITHIC  PAVING. 

OFFICE    AND    RESIDENCE, 

I  ft     MPDDIPIPI   n     CTDPPT  Estimates  given  and  work  done  at  short  notice. 

IV     .MUKrVll    IKl.U     O  1  KCC  1  .  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 


PURE  WATER  SUPPLY. 


H 


CONTRACTOR     FOR 

flRTESIflN  flND  DRIVEN  WELLS 

Towns  and  Tillages  Supplied  »itli  Pure  Water. 

FOR 


Shafts  for  Hydraulic  ILlevators. 

A  Sew  and  Highly  Successful   Method  Employed. 

A  Great  Saving  in  Water  Rates. 

Pumping  Outfits,  Either  Hand,  Steam,  Caloric  or  Wind  Power, 
Furnished  and  Set  Up.  Dry  Wells  Deepened.  Expert  Examinations  Made  with  Reference  to  Local- 
ity for  Water  Works.  Estimates  Given  on  Water  Tanks  and  Piping.  Be  Sure  and  Get  our  Prices. 
All  Work  Guaranteed. 


E.  J.   CROSS, 


82  Foster  St.,     f)     Worcester. 

Michael  Kenney, 

HEAVY  TRUCKING,  EXCAVATING 

GRADING  AND  STONE  WORK. 

All  M'ork  Done  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

JVo.  31*3  Cmri£>jric7i>-e  Street,  Worcester-,   A/ass. 


244  Advertisements. 


M.   J.   KANE^  CONTRACTOR 


Teaming,  Grading,  Excavating,    Stone  Work,    Road    Building,  Paving,  Curbing, 

Conduits  for  all  Purposes,   also  Raising,  Shoring  and 

Moving    Buildings. 

BUILDING  MOVING  UNDER  THE  CHARGE  OF  WM,  R.  DEAN, 


*ff  KEEP  abreast  with  the  times  and  have  the  largest  outfit  in  my  line  of  busi- 
ness in  the  state.     Anyone  having  work  to  be  done  in  my  line  can  see  by 
work  I  have  done  that  I  do  the  best,  as  samples  of  my  work  can  be  seen  in  all 
parts  of  Worcester.     It  includes  the  foundation  for  the  New  England  Telephone 
building,  Midland  street  school,  the  Oilman  block  on  Main  street,  the  East  Ken- 
dall street  school,  grading  and  foundation  at  the  St.  Vincent  Hospital,  grading  at 
A.  B.  Wood's,  Winthrop  street,  foundation  for  Richards  and  Freeland  street  High 
School,  builder  of  Whitman,  Sagamore  and  Monadnock  roads,  Montville. 
You  will  find  my  prices  right  for  first-class  work. 

OFFICE    AA't>    STABLE, 

9  WADE  STREET,    WORCESTER,  MASS. 

Thomas  J.  Smith, 

CONTRACTOR  FOR  EXCAVATING,  GRADING 

AND  STONE  WORK. 
018  Main  Street,  BUILDERS'  EXCHANGE. 

OiORCESTER.    O5ASS. 

sJ.    E.    GIROUARD. 

COJVTRACTO'R.  and  MASON. 

BRICK  WORK  AND  PLASTERING  PROMPTLY  ATTENDED  TO. 
Agent  for  Eureka  Hard  Plaster.    And  a  Large  Stock  Always  on  Hand. 

ALSO  DEALER  IN   .  .  *        Sl""" 


1    SYLVAN    STREET,    Near  Mai,,  St.,    WORCESTER,    MASS 

TELEPHONE    767-5. 

Order  Box,  34  Builders'   Exchange.      Telephone  Connection. 


Advertisements.  245 


H,    I>.   JTBNKS    &L   SON. 
Concrete  Pavers  of  Walks,  Driveways,  Floors,  Etc, 

EITHER  HARD  OR  SOFT   PAVING. 


ALSO    GRADING    AND    SODDING    LAWNS,    ETC. 


9  Richards  Street,          :  :  :  :          Worcester,  Mass. 


JB.      F\ 

DUES,  CEMENTS,  SEWEH  PIPES,  f  ME 

BRICK  A.ND  SA.ND. 

<&&.  A     FULL    LINE    OF     MASONS'     MATERIALS. 

Yard,  Garden  Street,  Residence,  24  Maywood  Street. 

TELEPHONE. 

JOSEPH  .BOUCHER, 

Brick  £  Manufacturer. 

At     the    Dana     Yard, 

PLANTATION  STREET,      ^        ^        j»      Near  Bloomingdale, 

Brick   of  the  Best  Quality   Delivered  in   any  part  of  the 
city  at  Lowest  Market  Rates.     .     .     . 

P.  0.  Address,  Rear  Plantation  St.  Brick  Yard,  Worcester,  Mass. 


FIRST-CLASS  BRICK.        MADE  IN  WORCESTER. 

.        .        Address,        .        . 

Plantation  Street  Brick  Yard, 

WORCESTER,     MASS. 

S.   H.  KIMBALL  SL  SON, 

flfoason  :  Supplies  :  anb  :  Cla\>  :  <5oobst 

Including  Fine  Linings,  Chimney  and  Ash  Pit  Doors, 

Terra  Cotta  and  Cast  Iron  Chimney  Caps  and  Tops. 
Kimball's  Improved  Chimney  Thimbles, 

Fire  Brick,  Building  Brick,  Metal  Laths. 

Agents  for  Excelsior  Chimney  Top,  Staples'   Improved  Mortar  and  Brick  Hods, 
Standard  Steel  Wall  Ties,  Union  Metal  Corner  Beads,  etc. 


"Poctrlonro      Rt     Mav    Stroot         Telephone  88-2.    Offire,  Builders'  Exchange. 

.Kesioence,  01  may  otreet.  .     .     .     BOX  32.  Telephone; 


14. 


Advertisements. 


We  are  fully  equipped  with  first-class  teams  and  competent  men  to  move  pianos  and 
heavy  articles  of  furniture 

te  a  specialty    of   this 
handled  by  us 

E.  L.   DANFORTH, 


We  make  a  specialty    of   this    work,  and    no   damage    ever  comes   to   the    finest  goods  when 
handled  by  us.    Bus  parties  accommodated  at  short  notice. 

Office,  36  Pearl  St.,  Worcester. 


H.  Al.   WRIGHT. 


DAVID  YOUXG. 


C  A.  MIDDLEMAS  &  CO., 


The  Placing  of  Defective  Plumbing  Systems  in  a  Sanitary  Condition 

A    Specialty.        .        . 

543  MAIN  ST.,  WORCESTER. 

TELEPHONE    CONNECTION. 


Telephone  1036-12. 

BAY  STATE    WOOD    CO., 

TASHJ1AN    BROS.,   PROP. 

Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 

Wood    and    Kindlings. 

Also  Coal  by  the  Basket. 
Postal  Cards  Furnished. 


Office  and  Yard, 


731  Main  Street. 


P.  A.   FRIBERG, 

Dealer  in 

WOOD,    COAL    AND    CHARCOAL. 

I'URNITURE   MOVING. 

Orders  promptly  attended  to.     Lowest  prices  in 
the  city. 

46  Union  St.,        Worcester,  Mass. 

Tel.   1018-2.     Residence,  51  Union  St. 


.    C.    WARREN, 

Dealer  In 


Wood  and  Coal. 


149  UNION  STREET 

TELEPHONE   794-12. 


Advertisements. 


247 


GEORGE  J.   WILMOT, 

jfurniture  anfc  Jbiano 


AND    STORAGE. 

Personal  attention  given  to  shipping  and  packing  goods. 

,  1  Central  Street,  cor.  Main,     WORCESTEK,  MASS. 


TELEPHONE  493-2. 


r-  r-k  r—  i  y-\  i   i  -i-  i  M  X-N 
FREIGHTING. 


House,  Keefe  Place. 
Stable,  Keefe  Place. 


J.    B.    BROOKS, 

Freight,  Furniture  and  Piano  Mover. 


Moving  and  Boxing  Pianos 
and  Organs  a  Specialty. 


House  and  Stable,  89  AUSTIN  STREET. 


OFFICE,  Ustls?ore,)  446  MAIN  ST., 


WORCESTER,  MASS. 


HORACE  WYMAN,  PRESIDENT. 


H.  WINFIELD  WYMAN,  TREASURER. 


WORCESTER  STORAGE  CO., 

Cor.  Pleasant  and  Clinton  Streets,  also  Cor.  Gold  St.  Court  and  Bradley  Street. 

Absolutely  Fireproof  New 
Storage  Warehouse.  .  .  . 

For  Household  Goods,  General  Merchandise,  Etc.,  in  separate  rooms,  with  fireproof  partitions.  Mov- 
ing and  Packing  Furniture  and  Crockery.  Elevator  lifting  five  tons  makes  moving  cheap.  Our  rates 
are  low,  our  service  best.  Telephone  or  write  for  inspector  to  call  and  make  prices. 


OFFICE, 

Pleasant  and  Clinton  Streets. 

Telephone  804-4. 


C.  C.  BROWN,  Superintendent, 
Residence,  9  Sever  St. 

Telephone  594-5. 


DAVIS  BROTHERS, 


SUCCESSORS  TO  C.  H.  DRAPER, 


Furniture  and  Piano  Moving, 


MILO   D.   DAVIS. 


Telephone 
Connection. 


Personal  attention  given  to  Freighting. 

Rear  161  >Iain  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


ORLO   W.   DAVIS. 

Baggage  Wagon 
Al ways  Ready. 


248  Advertisements. 


WM.  GARBUTT  &  CO., 

Real  Estate  and  Mortgages. 


Loans  Negotiated   and   Exchanges 
Made  upon  all  kinds  of  Real  Kstate. 


State  Mutual  BuilJing,  340  Main  St.,    Rooms  807.  808  and  809,    Worcester,  Mass. 


OFFICE  HOURS:  9  to  12  A.  M.  ;  2  to  6  and  7.30  to  9  p.  M. 


THE  CRANSKA  THREAD  CO., 

Makers  of  the  Best  Grades  of 

Thread  for  Aanafactarers' 


Wound  on  spools  containing  from  200  to  12,000  yards 
each,   or  on  cones  and  tubes  of  any  length  desired. 


Spinning  Mills  at  Thread  Mills  at 

MOOSUP,   COXN.  WORCESTER,   MASS. 


Estate  of  Wm.  T. 
ROOMS  AND   POWER   FOR  MECHANICAL  USES. 

On  Exchange,  Union,  Cypress 
and  North  Foster  Streets, 
WORCESTER,  MASS. 

vanforct~Oawtelle  Company^ 

SSooksollers  and  Stationers, 

* 

3/0  Ttfain  St.,   Worcester,   9?ass. 


Advertisements. 


MACULLAR    &    SON, 


MAKERS    OF 


/lfoen'8  Clotbes. 


CHAMBERS,  425  MAIN  ST.,  WORCESTER,   MASS. 

P.    E.   ORDWAY, 

MANUFACTURER   OF 

Billiard  tables 


Ordway's  New  ^WHsijJi^^       SMT  Alld  Bowlin" 

Cognation  ^^^J^  All 

Cushions.  ^  W*-  Tables. 

m^ 

-47     IVLAIX     STREET,  WORCESTER,     MASS. 

Correspondence  with  architects  invited. 


A.    HARTIGAN, 
Fancy  Groceries.         GROCER.  Table  Luxuries. 

Fine  Wines,  Liquors,  Ktc. 

Telephone  564-4.  305  Main  Street,     WORCESTER,  MASS. 

W.  A.  GARBUTT  &   CO., 

MAKERS   OF 


20  PLEASANT  ST.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


H.     A. 

MANUFACTURER  O 


Elevator  Registers  §  Plumbing  Specialties. 

Balsago  Cement.    Soil  Pipe  Testing  Plugs.     Fresh- 
Air  Inlet  Guards.      Boiler  Bracket  Rings,  Etc. 


PLUIVIBING    "'  a11  kin(is  done  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

No.  22  Cypress  Street.  TELEPHONE  83-4.  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


25° 


Advertisements. 


Use  Only 


Ifrolisb 


TO  PRESERVE  THE 
LEATHER  AND  KEEP 
IT  SOFT  AND  PLIABLE. 


Worcester,  Mass. 


C.  S.  HOLDEX,  President  and  Treasurer. 


INCOKl'OKATKD   1891. 


Aetna  Knitting  Co., 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


HOSIERY, 


Woolen  and  Merino. 


Worcester,  Mass, 


Advertisements. 


Business 

Established  in  1814. 
Incorporated  1897. 


J,  W,  SARGENT 

&  Son  Co., 


FINE 


Sleighs,  Robes 
and  Harness. 

* 

34,  36  and  38 

WALDO  ST., 

Worcester,     Mass. 


WM.  A.  DEWHURST, 


Successor  to  Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in 

GEO.  c.  DEWHURST,        Fine  Carriages. 

Painting  and  Repairing-  of  all  Kinds.  15  to  31  Park  Street,  Worcester,   Mass. 


.  Eugene  Curtis, 

Dealer  in 

CARRIAGES,     SLEIGHS    AND    HARNESS. 


ioi  Front  Street, 


Worcester,   Mass. 


Henry  O.  Bradley. 


John  E.  Bradley. 


Osgood  "Bradley  &  Sons, 

BRADLEY    CAR    WORKS, 

WORCESTER,   MASS. 


Advertisements. 


JAMES  H.  WATSON,   Successor  to  STILES  &  BUCKMAN> 

.    .        Afanufacf  urer  of       .    . 

SPECIAL  §M§  MACHINERY, 

Punch  and  Die  Work  a  Specialty. 

ALL    KINDS    OF     REPAIR      WORK      NEATLY      AND      PROMPTLY     DONE. 

JVo.  04  Herman  St., 


¥*.  THE  H=£»> 


Wire  Goods  Company, 

OFFICE,  -  ----  •* 

20  UNION  STREET,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

MANUFACTURER  OF   EVERYTHING  IN  WIRE. 

PETER  WOOD,  Pres.  and  Treas.          x^/  All  lengths,  from  2OO  to  12,OOO  yard*. 

JAMES  MONTGOMERY,  Sec.  -*»-        Also  on  one-pound  holthlns,  and  paper 

CHAS.  DOLAN,  Supt.  /f-         tubes  and  cones. 


CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Spool  Cotton, 

ALSO  ALL  GRADES  OF  THREAD    FOR    THE    MANUFACTURING  TRADE, 
IN  SILK  AND  SOFT  FINISH. 

Office  and  Factory,  116  Gold   Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 

L.    L.    BRIGHAM, 

Dealer    in 

Floar,  Grain,  Peed^nd  Aeal, 

BALED    HAY    AND    STRAW, 

KO.  57  FOSTER  STREET,  WORCESTER,  MASS.  Telephone  45)0. 

K.  H.  STEPHAN  &  COMPANY, 

OONOAVERS  OR  RAZORS 

And  Dealers  in 

Barbers'  Supplies,  all  Kinds  of  Cutlery,  Ground  and  Polished. 

A  FULL  LINE  OF  SOAPS,  TOILET  WATERS,  SHAMPOOS 
AND    POMADES. 

18  Pleasant  Street,  -         -         -         -  Worcester,  Mass. 


Advertisements.  253 


.  .  IDress  <3oot>s,  .  . 

Suits,  Garments,  Shirts,  Blankets,  Ibosierv, 
wear  anfc  domestics 


THAN    OF 


iceessors 


JOHNSON,  CARPENTER  &  CO.,  fo" 

J.  H.  CLARKE  &  CO.,  353  Main  St.,  Worcester. 

The    American    Agricultural    Chemical    Co. 

Ii.  B.  DARLING  FERTILIZER  ttlORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

HIGH  *  GRADE  •  FERTILIZERS. 

Pure  Ground  Bone  ami  Agricultural  Chemicals,  Tallow,  Superior 
Glues,   Poultry  Supplies. 

MAIN  OFFICE  AND  WORKS,  BRANCH 

Mineral  Spring  Ave.  ,<|g  OFFICE  AND  WAREHOUSE, 

PAWTCCKET.     -        -    R.  I.  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

L.  M.  DARLING,  Local  Treas.  J.  G.  JEPFERDS,  Manager. 


WORCESTER 

DRIVING  PARK  CO. 

In  corpora  ted. 


John  B.  Watson,  E.  E.  Frost,  J.  Henry  Washburn, 

Clarence  B.  Cook,  Saninel  Porter, 

John  W.  Knibbs,  Julius  F.  Knight. 


ANNUAL    MEETING,     FIRST    WEDNESDAY    IN    FEBRUARY. 

JOHN  B.  WATSON,  Pres.  JOH>  W.  KXIBBS,  Treas. 

E.  E.    FROST,  Vice-Pres.  J.  F.  KNIGHT,  Sec. 

WCXRCJ3STBR, 


Advertisements. 


Moulton, 

DIAMONDS,  GClflTGHES,  JEWELRY 

AND   SILVERWARE. 

399  Main  Street,  Cor,  Mechanic,  Worcester,  Mass, 


A.  P.  LUNDBORG, 


WILSON  <&  SMITH, 

Cold  Metal  Punching  and  Die  Making, 

VINE  AND  FOUNDRY  STS. 


Firs'-class  Watchmaker  and 
Optician  Employed. 

TELEPHONE   103S-5. 

315  Main  Street,     Worcester,  Mass, 


C.  W.  Walls. 


A/.  JP.  Roach. 


C.    W.   WALLS    St    OO., 
ARCHITECTURAL    IRON    WORK, 


Structural  Iron  Work  of  Erery  Description,  Fire  Escapes,  Fences.  Iron  Work  tor  Jails,  Bridges. 

S.    A.     FREXCIf, 

IO8  W.  28th  Street,    NEAR  SIXTH  AVE.,    NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


Coats  and  Boots, 


HELMETS,  CAPS,  COAT  AND  CAP  BADGES, 
BUTTONS,  EMBROIDERIES,  BELTS  AND 
OTHER  UNIFORM  SUPPLIES 


FOR  POLICE  AND  FIRE  DEPARTMENTS. 

HIRE 


Your 

Boats  and  Canoes 

at 

COBURN'S, 

Next  to  SUMMER 
THEATRE.  Lin- 
coln Park,  the  largest 
and  most  complete 
outfit  in  Xew  Knar- 
land.  Boats  and 
Canoes  built  to  order, 
for  sale  and  repaired. 

A.  A.  t OBI  R>,  Prop. 


Advertisements.  255 


Worcester  Rubber  Company, 

324  MAIN  STREET. 


H. 


RUBBER  CLOTHING 


BOOTS   AND    SHOES,    WATER   BOTTLES,  SYRINGES, 

NURSERY    SHEETING,    GARDEN    HOSE, 

DOOR-MATS,  TUBING,   ETC. 


BOEPFLB, 

Manufacturer  of  and  Wholesale  Dealer  in 

Hll  Ikinbs  of  Sausages, 

COOKED  HAM  AND  CORNED  BEEF,  BEEF,  LAMBS' 
AND  PIGS'  TONGUES,  PIGS'  FEET,  ETC. 

Imported  Swiss  Cream  and  Limburger  Cheese,  HOLLAND  HEBUIXGS, 

3O  MILLBURY  ST.    Tel.  10-2  7  -G.  Factory,  GOO  Military  St.    Tel.  1084-6. 

WORCESTER.     j\/ASS. 

Established  1H64.  J/icorporatee/  IftftO. 

UIHITE,  PEVEY  $  DEXTER  Co., 

PORK:  PACKERS 

And  Wholesale  Dealers  in 

FIK&    PROVISIONS. 

13  and  15    Bridge  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

TELEPHONE  NO.  376-3. 

F>.   L,.    RIDER. 

4   OOODS. 


WHOLESALE    AXI)     RETAIL. 

No.  370  Main  St.,   Lincoln   House  Block,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Ladles'   and  Gentlemen's  Mackintoshes,  Rubber  Clothing,  Boots  and  Shoes,  Steam,  Mill,  Fire, 
Surtion  and  Water  Hose,  Belting,  Packing,  and  all  kinds   of  Mechanical  (joods. 

DRUGGISTS'    SUNDRIES. 
AGENCY  BOSTON  BELTING  CO.  SPECIALTIES  MADE  TO  ORDER. 


Advertisements. 


L,.    JP.     FOR13USII, 

PL/UMBINO, 

Repairing  and  General  Jobbing.  Tin  and  Sheet  Iron  Work. 

i  CANAL  STREET,   WORCESTER. 

TELEPHONE    966-3. 


JAMES  CAMERON,  Residence,  7  Brittan  St. 


P.  <  VMIMO\  .  liesidence,  Gage  St. 


CAMERON  &   CASHMON, 

Practical      '|n£~^-  l>      Practical 

Horse= 
Shoers.         3^        Shoers. 


Particular  attention  given  to  all  horses. 
Koad.  track  and  roach  horses  a  specialty. 
flri>t-rlass  help  employed. 


Shop,  Commercial  Street, 

Cor.  Mechanic,  Worcester,  Mass. 


pMPIRE     J^AUNDRY, 

jf.  X.  Drurv,  proprietor. 
J  5  and  17  BEACON  STREET, 

Telephone  884=3.  Worcester,  Mass. 


Advertisements. 


257 


GEORGE  A.  COBURN'S 


General 


Laundry. 


Goods  Called  for  and  Delivered  Free  of  Charge. 

TELEPHONE  CONNECTION.         28  Bcllevue  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


City  Steam  Laundry, 

46  EXCHANGE  ST., 

(Two  Blocks  below  Theatre) 

Worcester,       -       Nlass. 


Transient  Work  at  Short  Notice. 


C.  T.  BURNS,  Proprietor. 

Family  Washings  a  Specialty. 


We  do  Hotel,  Car.  Boarding-  House,  Barber  Shop,  Restaurant  Work,  in  fact  anything  that  can  be 
done  in  a  Laundry.  These  goods  will  be  called  for  and  delivered  to  your  houses,  as  I  have  three  teams 
for  that  purpose. 


New  Equipments  Throughout. 
Best  Work  Guaranteed.  A  Trial  will  Convince  You. 


Union  Laundry  and  Clean  Towel  Supply  Co. 


7  and    15  PRESCOTT  STREET. 


D.  A.  SCOTT 


TELEPHONE  934-3. 

We  lead,  let  who  can  follow.  We  have  plenty  of  imitators,  but  no  competi- 
tors. We  are  the  originators  in  this  city  of  all  our  specialties. 

Our  Specialties  are  Clean  Towel  Supply  and  Family  and  Hotel  Work.     In 

this  Hue  our  capacity  is  superior  to  any  in  the  city  ana  as  good  as  any  in  the 
WORLD.  We  realize  that  home  laundry  will  soon  be  one  of  the  lost  arts,  like  the 
hand-loom,  the  old  stage-coach,  etc.,  only  a  matter  of  history. 

We  are  fitted  up  to  do  work  in  an  up-to-date  way,  and  if  you  want  your  laundry 
done  as  it  should  be,  give  us  a  trial.  Our  laundry  is  always  open  to  the  public  for 
inspection.  Come  and  see  us.  We  are  now  doing  the  laundry  work  for  more  than 
five  hundred  families,  and  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  hotel  and  club  work  of  the  city. 


258 


A  dvertisements. 


T.    H.    MURPHY, 

UndcrtaKcr  and  funeral  Director, 

109  Park,  near  Trunibull  St., 
WORCESTER,  MASS. 

Open  all  Hours.  Telephone  tall  960. 


ATHY, 

Furnishing  Undertaker. 

Coffin  Warerooms  and  Residence, 

16  GREEN  ST.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

Everything  connected  with  the  management  of  funerals  promptly  attended  to. 


OFFICE  OPEN  DAY  AND  NIGHT.  Telephone  No.  749  5.  Established  1875. 


FAY  BROTHERS, 

UNDERTAKERS, 


19   TEMPLE   ST., 
WORCESTER,    MASS. 


Telephone  672-2. 


flLPRED  ROT, 
UNDERTAKER. 

Dealer  in  all  kinds  of 

Coffins,  Caskets,  Coffin  Plates  and 
Trimmings.  Robes,  Shrouds,  Wrap- 
pers, Etc.  Management  of  funerals 
will  receive  personal  attention. 

Agent  for  Marble  or 
Granite  Monuments. 

80  Park  Street,     ..    Worcester,  Mass. 


.  A.  OASWELL,  SL  CO.. 

Undertakers. 

We  carry  all  grades,  from  the  cheapest  COFFINS,  CASKETS,  Etc.,  to  the 
very  best.  Everything  pertaining  to  the  management  of  funerals  promptly  at- 
tended to.  Rooms  for  private  funerals. 

NIGHT  CALLS  ANSWERED  FROM  OFFICE  OR  RESIDENCE. 


Office,  21  Pearl  St.;  Residence,  3  Harvard  St., 

TELEPHONE  J  OFFICE  238-3. 
|  HOUSE  238-4. 


WORCESTER,  MASS. 


Advertisements.  259 


CALLS    ATTENDED    TO    PROMPTLY.  TELEPHONE    565-2. 

OPEN    DAY    AND    NIGHT. 


OFFICE    AND    WAREROOMS, 

47  PARK  STREET,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

OPPOSITE    COMMON. 

Jlufiirs  in  Transit  will  reeeire  Prompt  Attention. 

BEN.  J.   BERNSTROM, 

Undertaker    and    Embalmer. 

JUSTICE   OF  THE  PEACE. 

Funeral  goods,  such  as  Coffins,  Caskets,  Name- 
plates  and  Robes,  constantly  on  hand.  Everything 
pertaining-  to  funerals  promptly  attended  to. 


Office,  Warerooins  and  Residence, 

113  Thomas  St.,       Worcester,  Mass. 

Telephone  Connection. 


GEORGE  G.  HILDRETH,  DARIUS  A.  PUTNAM, 

32  OKEAD  ST.  13  Dix  ST. 

HILDRETH   &   PUTNAM, 

Funeral  Directors  and  Furnishing  Undertakers. 

A  full  line  of  fine  and  medium  priced  Caskets, 
Robes,  and  Undertakers'  Hardware  always  on 
hand.  Orders  from  out  of  town  or  by  telephone 
promptly  attended  to.  All  work  first-class. 

Office  and  Warerooms,  30  Foster  Street,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

TELEPHONE    AT    OFFICE    AND    EACH    RESIDENCE. 

CEO.    SESSIONS    &    SONS, 
FURNISHING     FUNERAL    DIRECTORS, 

7   AND    9    TRUMBULL   ST., 

WORCESTER,      -      MASS. 


QEO.      SESSIONS. 

w.    E.    SESSIONS.  NIGHT    BELL    AND    TELEPHONE. 

F.     E.     SESSIONS. 


260 


Advertisements. 


JOHN   HOLDEN, 

Contractor  ™  Builder 

Ksiiniiitcv  Famished. 

Jobbing  Promptly  Attended    to. 
24  Coral  Street,  Worcester. 

Shop,  44  Central  Street. 


J.  EDWARD  FULLER,  JR. 
General  Contractor, 

OFFICE.  452  MAIN  ST..  WORCESTER. 


Wm.  F,  Tucker, 

PLUMBING 

No.  56  Pleasant  St., 
WORCESTER,         -         -        MASS. 


Fred.  E.  Adams. 


A.  F.   Powers. 


ADAMS  &   POWERS, 

DOORS,  WINDOWS,  BLINDS 

Mouldings  and  Builders'  Finish. 

771  AND    173   UNION    STREET. 
Worcester,  Mass. 


Contractor  of  Sewers,  Dams  and  Grading. 

S  Forest   Street,  Worcester. 

TELEPHONE    58-3. 


LUCIAN  A.  TAYLOR,  M.  Am.  Soc.  C.  E. 


WILLIAM  II.  TYLKE. 


TAYLOR    &    TYLEE, 

Engineers  and  Contractors, 


Street  Railways, 

Water  Works, 

Estimates 

Furnished. 


719  Tremont  Building, 
Boston,  Mass. 

831,  832  State  Mutual  Build's, 
Worcester,  Mass. 


SCOVILLE    &    WHEELER, 

General  Contractors, 


BUILDERS'  EXCHANGE, 

518  MAIN  STREET,         -         -         -          WORCESTER,  MASS. 


Advertisements. 


261 


D.    A.    HOWE, 

FINE  TEAS  AND  COFFEES, 


273  Main  St., 

WORCESTER,  MASS. 

sJ.  W.  GREENB, 

20  Lincoln  Square,  Worcester,   Mass. 

DEALER     IN 

STOVES,     RANGES,    FURNACES, 

Plumber,  Steam  and  Gas  Fitter. 

Combination    Hot- Water  Heating  for  Houses. 


L.    A.    HASTINGS    CO., 

MAKERS    OF 

Fine  Harness, 

Horse  Boots  and  Stable  Furnish- 
ings, Etc, 

NO.   14  FOSTER    ST.,    WORCESTER. 

R  X.  Brunelle, 

1O    COBUR1?    A  VIZ.,     Worcester. 


MANUFACTURER     OF 

THE  BRUNELLE 

STEAM  HEATER 
AND  RADIATORS. 

Telephone    483-2. 


OILMAN   CARRIAGE  WORKS, 


Estate    of    ^».    L..    GILMATt, 


MANUFACTURERS     OF 


LIGHT  AND  HEAVY  WAGONS,  HOSE  WAGONS  AND  AMBULANCES, 

Cold  Tire  Setting  a  Specialty.     Repairing  in  all  its  Branches. 
104  THOMAS  STREET,  WORCESTER,  MASS. C.  G.  Oilman.  Manager. 

.    *    Hn  Hrab's  Saving,    .    . 


He  who  knows  not,  and  knows  not 
that  he  knows  not,  is  a  fool. 

SHUN  HIM. 

He  who  knows  not,  and  knows  he 
knows  not,  is  humble. 

WATCH   HIM. 


He  who  knows,  and  knows  not  that 
he  knows,  is  asleep. 

WAKE  HIM. 

He  who  knows,  and  knows  that  he 
knows,  is  a  wise  man. 

RESPECT  HIM. 


We  Know  that  we  are  the  LEADERS  of  the  Style 
and  BEATERS  at  Price.     TRY  US. 


THREE  LITTLE  BROS.  &  Co., 

H.  B.  BOGIGIAN,   Prop. 

Ladies'  and  Gents'  Merchant  Tailors* 

65    MAIN    ST.,     WORCESTER,    MASS. 


262 


Advertisements. 


BREWER  &  C( 


BUSH  &  CO., 


DRUGGISTS, 

56  FRONT  STREET,         <*>  J         WORCESTER,  MASS. 


H.  G.  BARR  &  CO., 

Sensitive  Drilling  Machines 

and 

UNIVERSAL  TOOL  GRINDERS 

51  UNION  STREET,  WORCESTER. 

Long  Distance  Telephone. 

Worcester  Thread  Co., 

Manufacturers  of 


MflEfl   THREADS, 


WORCESTER,    MASS. 

Peter  Wood,  Pres.  Robert  Ruddy,  Treas. 

Ward  P.  Delano,  Sec. 

The  Peter  Wood  Dyeing  Co,, 

Bleachers  and  Dyers  of 

COTTON,    YARNS     AND    WARPS, 

THREADS,  TAPES, 
BRAIDS,    ETC. 

MORES  ON  HOLMES  ST.,  Worcester. 


Charles  G.  Strat'on,  Pres.  and  Gen.  Manager. 
F.  B.  Durfee,  Treas. 


MANUFACTURING  CO., 

.W.i  /,(•;-.   of 

Moolens, 


Worcester, 


Mass. 


Taber  Organ   Company, 

Manufacturers   of 

(parlor  anfc 
Cbapei  ©rcjans. 

Office  and  Wareroom, 

No.  25  Union   Street,         Worcester. 

P.  E.  SOMERS, 

Manufacturer  of 

LASTING  MACHINE  TACKS 

And  Hand  Shoe  Tacks  of  the 
Best  Quality. 

17    HERMON    STREET, 

WORCESTER,        MASS. 

Boston  Office,   Jefferson    Building,    Room   50. 
Telephone  "7lS-:i. 


Manufacturers   of 

Ladies'  Wrappers, 

Tea  Gowns,  Etc. 

65,  67   and  69   Winter   St.,  Worcester. 

JFowiei-  <fc  Co., 

Manufacturers   of 

The  Fowler  Adjustable  Curtain 
Rods. 

The  Bacon,  Globe  aud  Sidney  Cur- 
tain Rods. 

The  Champion  Lace  Curtain  Rods. 

AND   THE 

Perfection  and  Little  Giant  Curtain  Rod 
Sockets,    ,    ,    . 

Office  and  Factory,  65  Beacon  St.,  Worcester. 


SHERMAN  ENVELOPE  CO.,  ffiS£S^^«  ENVELOPES  !   nte^». 

Special  Machinery  for  Making  METAL  CLASP  MDSE.  AND  ODD  SIZE  ENVELOPES. 

Papeteries  and  Paper  Boxes. 

Office  and  Factory,          «*  J*  j*          75  SCHOOL  ST.,  WORCESTER. 


Advertisements. 


263 


WILLIAM  S.  FLINT,  PRESCRIPTION  PHARMACY 

Exclusive  Agent  for  "  The  Celluloid  Truss/'       A  complete  line  of  Improved  Up-to-date 

Leather-Covered    Trusses,    Abdominal  Supporters,  Bandages,  Shoulder  Braces, 

ELASTIC  HOSIERY,  CRUTCHES,  ETC.    41  PA  UK,  Cor.  Portland  St.,  Worcester. 


Duncan  &  Goodell  Co., 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 

HARDWARE... 
UUOTUOTOTUOTTO 

AXD  CUTLERY, 

4O4  Main  St.,  Worcester. 

Callahan  brothers, 

7  "Uemple    St.,  llforcester. 


Everything  Pertaining  to  the  Care 
of  the  Dead. 


Buttrick  &  Eddy, 
HATS 

AND 

MEN'S  FURNISHINGS, 

395  Mitin  Street, 

WORCESTER. 

DAVID  WELCH, 


Stained  Glass  Works, 

STAINED    GLASS   WINDOWS 

Executed  in   Every  Style. 

88  WINTER    STREET,  WORCESTER. 


Telephone  Call,  492-^.     .     . 

M.    SCHLESINGER, 

Manufacturer,  Jobber, 
WJioiesaZe  and  Retail  Dealer  in 

CIGARS,  TOBACCO  AND 

SMOKERS'  ARTICLES. 

Liberal  Discounts    Allowed  to  Cash 
Buyers.    .    .    . 

238  Front  St.,  \Vorocsier- 

Morceeter 
Business 
Institute 


We  Court  Investigation. 

jfc  476  MAIN  STREET,  ^ 

C.  B.  POST,  Prin. 

National  Biscuit  Co., 

MAKERS   OF 

KENNEDY'S 

Celebrated  Biscuit 

187  and  189  MECHANIC  ST., 

WORCESTER,  MASS. 


A.  A.  BRIGHAM, 

WORCESTER,  -  -  MASS. 


Splendid  View   from  the  Roof  of  the 
State  Mutual  Building. 


~fj  f^L  AJA  T?  T        rr  \  T/'  f£  TV"      Open  year  around.    Electric  light,   steam  heat, 
Shrewsbury,    Mass.          '         '  baths.    American  and  EuropeanPUn. 

Livery,  Sale  and  Exchange  Stable  Connected,    Carriages,  Harness,  Blankets,  Robes, 

-BJTO. — 

Telephone  39-6.         C.  H.  HAVEN,  formerly  of  Haven  Bros.,  Worcester. 


264 


Advertisements. 


a.     H.    CDASHBURN, 
42   Waldo   Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 

LIVERY  STABLE. 

Appointments  First-class  for  Boarding  and  Stabling.    «»cfks  f»r  funerals,  weddings, 

Landaus  and  Coupes  for  Riding,  Calling  or  Shopping.     Driver  in  Livery  if  so  Desired. 


R.  O.  Hanson,  Pres. 
.   J.  E.  Green,  Sec.  and  Treas. 

Directors. 

R.  O.  Hanson,    J.  E.  Green,     Wm.  H.  Burns. 
Established  1864.        Incorporated  1899. 

BURBANK  PRODUCE   CO., 

General  Commission  Merchants, 
Wholesale  Dealers  in 

Foreign  and  Domestic  Fruits  and 
Produce, 

214  SUMMER  ST.,  WORCESTER. 

E.  O.  Knight, 


Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in 

ENGINES  AND  BOILERS. 

Second-hand  Engines  Bought,  Sold  and  Ex- 
changed. 

Agent  for  Waters'  Governor.  Automatic  In- 
jectors, Lubricators,  Heaters,  and  En- 
gineers' Supplies. 

142  UNION  ST.,  Worcester. 

Incorporated  1892. 

Hubley  Manufacturing  &  Supply  Co,, 

Mattress  Manufacturers  and  Wholesale 
Dealers  in 

MATTRESS  COTTON  and  SHODDIES. 

Wholesale  Dealers  in 

Cotton    and    Woolen    Rags.     Paper    Stock, 

Metals,  Rubbers,  Wrapping  and 

Sheathing  I'aper. 

11,  13  &  15  Brackett  Ct.  T°ingos^4.tance 


Frank  Kuinin.  Samuel  Kumin. 

Telephone   Connection. 

KUMIN  BROS. 

Woolen  Rags,  Cotton  Rags,  Paper 
Stock,  Old  Rubber,  Old  Metals, 
Drosses.  .... 

59  and  61  (OATER  ST.,  WORCESTER 

Corr&sjtondence    Solicited. 


JOHNSON  &  KETTELL  CO., 

Wholesale  *£  Grocers, 

Cor.  Bridge  and  Mechanic  Sts., 
Worcester,  Mass. 


Hrcbitects, 

OFFICES, 

518  MAIN  STREET, 

Knonles  Building, 
WORCESTER,  MASSACHUSETTS 


H.    OL.ICK, 

Dealer  in 


Old 


,   Rags, 


AIETA&S,    E  TC. 

JO  Brackett  Ct.,  Worcester. 

Long  Distance  Tel.   I  O29-6. 

IV. 


DEALER    IN 

New  and  Second-Hand 


Furniture  of  all  Kinds  Bought 
or  Exchanged. 

ALSO  DEALER  IN  CO4L. 

Cash  or    Installments. 
Office,  59  and  61  Water  St.  Tel.  906-3. 


Advertisements. 


HOPKINS,  SMITH  &  HOPKINS, 

FKAXK  BULKELEY  SMITH, 
T.  H.  GAGE,  JR., 
W.  S.  B.  HOPKINS. 


FRANK    F.    DRESSER, 

314  MAIN  STREET. 

ROCKWOOD   HOAR, 

attorney  anfc 

Counsellor  at  Haw, 

60  J  and  602  State  Mutual  Building. 
\Vorcester,  iVInss. 

Telephones  at  House  and  Office. 


Charles  S.  Webster, 

ATTORNEY  and  COUNSELLOR 

AT  LAW. 

Room   1,   Walker  Building, 
WORCESTER. 


THAYER   &   RUGG, 

COUNSELLORS  AT  LAW, 

STATE       MUTUAL       BUILDING,      WORCESTER. 


HENRY  \V.  KING.  CHAKLES  M.  RICE. 

RICE,    KING    Si    RICE, 


at 

19  PEARL,  STREET, 
WORCESTER,  -  MASSACHUSETTS. 

GEORGE  M.  WOODWARD 

COUNSELLOR   AT  LAW, 

ROOMS  703  AND  704  STATE  MUTUAL  BUILDING, 
Telephone  953-2.          -  -          WORCESTER,    MASS. 


PRESPEY    PERO, 

PROPRIETOR   OF 

Hennon  St.  Foundry, 

All  Descriptions  of  Machinery 
and  Tool  Castings. 

Office,    23    Hermon    St.,    Worcester. 


R.  E.   KIDDER, 


35  Hermon   St., 
WORCESTER,  MASSACHUSETTS 


266 


t  Idvertisentents, 


BAY  STATE,  HOUSE 


WORCESTER,    A/ASS. 


FRANK  P.  DOUGLASS,   Proprietor. 

AMERICAN  AND  EUROPEAN  PLAN,    LADIES'  AND  GENTS'  CAPE, 

Graduated    Prices. 
First-Class  In  Every  Respect.    Elevator.     Steam  Heated  Throughout. 

City  *  Hotel, 

SOUTHBRIDGE  flfID  JVlYRTIiE  STS. 
Robert  Kessell,        -        -       Proprietor. 


du  nord 


MARTIN  TRULSON,  PROP. 

39-41-43  Summer  Street 

WORCESTER,    MASS. 


AMERICAN  and  EUROPEAN  PLAN. 


Advertisements. 


267 


Two  Minutes  from  Union  Depot. 

Rates,  $2.00  and  $2.50  per  day. 
Steam  Heat.      Blectric  Light.        Bath  Rooms. 
Sample  and  Billiard  Rooms. 


Commonwealth 

DotcU 

WORCESTER,      -     MASS. 

F.  F.  SA.LLA,  I'rop. 


Iiineoli)  ^€ 
^€  (loose, 

E.  E.  FROST,  Prop. 

GEORGE  TRYON,  Man. 

WORCESTER,  MASS. 


American  and 

European  Plan 


HOTEL 
BRUNSWICK 

155,  \57  and  \59  Front  St., 
WORCESTER,  MASS. 


Steam  Heated  Throughout. 

Spacious  Dining;  Room. 

First-class  in  Every  Respect. 

JOSEPH  E.  JACQUES,   Prop. 

WALDO  HOUSE, 

25    WALDO    STREET,    WORCESTER. 


First-class  in  Every  Respect. 

UTMOST  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO  TRAVELLING  PEOPLE  AT  ALL  TIMES, 

RATES  REASONABLE  AND  SERVICE  UNSURPASSED. 


268  Advertisements. 


JENSEN'S 

TURKISH,  RUSSIAN  AND  ROMAN 
BATHS. 

Tub,  Swimming,  Electric  and  Sulphur  Baths 

FOR    LADIES    AND    GENTLEMEN. 

First-class  in  every  department.     Private  sleeping-rooms,  singly  and  for  parties. 

1  Sudlnfry   Street,  Opp.  Bay  State  House.    Telephone.  Send  for  illustrated  catalogue. 

"Cleanliness  is  next  to  Godliness."     Take  our  baths. 

HOTEL  ARLINGTON, 

JAMES  F.  McGUIGGAN,  Prop. 


'  Ale  Exclusively. 


1  80  Front  Street,   Worcester,  Mass. 


KE,GAN'S 


OUR  SPECIALTIES   BEST 
OF  EVERYTHING.     *    *    * 

Jere.  F.Regan  <5  Co.,  23    Mechanic    St., 

Successors  to  f^ 

ALLEN  ft  REGAN.  WORCESTER,   MASS. 


ZAE'DE'R'S. 


Advertisements.  269 


HOTBL  RIALTO, 


MATT.   KENNEDY,    PROPRIETOR. 


257   and  259  Front  St.,  Worcester. 

ONE  miNUTE'S   CUALiK  FROm   UNION  STATION- 

Steam  Heat.  Established  17SZ.  Electric  Light. 

First-class  in  Every  Respect. 

Exchange  Hotel, 

BRADLEY  NICHOLS,  Prop. 

91-93  Main  St.,  8s£te.  c?'rt    *     Worcester. 

Special  Rates  to  Court  People.     Special  Rates  to  Theatrical  People. 

,  .  Gctyemere  .  . 

SITUATED  AT 

LAKE  QUINSIGAHOND.      New  Hotel    A  Large  Dance  Hall. 

Full-Moon  Mile  Race  Track  and  Picnic  Grounds. 

New  Cafe.       Large   or   Small   Parties   Cared  for. 

CITY  PRICES.     CLAM  BAKE  EVERY  SUNDAY. 

Telephone.    .    .    .  HOLT  &  IRWIN,  Props. 


Tbouee 


D.  J.  BAKER,    PROPRIETOR. 


WEBSTER   SQUARE. 

WORCESTER,    MASS. 


2-jo  Advertisements. 


JO5EPH   HARPER, 

W/io7esa7e  Dealer  in 

(DIVES,  BRANDIES,  GINS,  ^, 

Bottled   Ale,  Porter  and  Lager. 

Manufacturer  of 

MINERAL  WATERS,   BELFAST    GINGER    ALE,   LEMON  SODA 

And  all   kinds  of  Tonics  made  from    "Cold-Blast  Distilled   Water. "     Also  Fountains 
charged  for  Druggists. 

South  Worcester  Bottling  Works,  66O-668  SOUTHBRIDCE  ST. 

PETER    DOYLE, 

WHOLESALE  -  LIQUOR  -  bEflLER, 

16O  Millbury  St.,  Worcester,  Afttss. 

TELEPHONE  333-2.  ,-- ^SPECIAL.  AQENT  FOR 

BOWLER  BROS.  LIMITED)  BREWERS. 
SPARKLING  ALE,  PORTER  AND  LAGER  BEER  IN 

CASKS   AAT0    BOTTLES. 

HENRY   BROS., 

139  Shrewsbury  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


Groceries,  Provisions, 

Ales,  Wines  and  Liquors. 

REAL  ESTATE  FOR  SALE  IN  ALL   PARTS  OF  THE  CITY. 

Telephone  827-4. 

.   P.  O'DAY. 


Dealer  In 


CHOICE  FAMILY  GROCERIES, 

ALES,  WINES  AND    LIQUORS. 

Family    Trade    Solicited. 
'W'ATESR    SXRKI^T,     VVot-o ester, 

TELEPHONE    71f)-4. 


Advertisements.  2  7 1 


Adolphus  J.  Soucy  &  Co., 

49  LAMARTINE  ST.,  WORCESTER. 


Also  Dealers  in  Foreign  ami 
Domestic 


WINES  AND  LIQUORS, 

ALES,  PORTER  AND  LAGER  BEER, 
E.  A.   BRADLEY, 


DEALER    IN 


GROCERIES  and  PROVISIONS 


Choice  flics,  UHncs,  Liquors  ana 

3O    WARD    STREET. 

WORCESTER,        <*  <*  J*  j*  ^         MASSACHUSETTS. 

Telephone    Connection. 

P.    MoLOUGHLIN, 

GFoeeries,  Teas  and  Coffees 


15  Winter  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 
GUST  A  F"   JOHNSON, 


DEALER   IN 


Groceries,  Wines  <«*  Liquors 

Telephone  999=3. 

17    SCHOOL    STREET, 

WORCESTER,       ....          MASSACHUSETTS. 


272  Advertisements. 


Telephone    1041-2. 

D.  J.  DOXOHU&   &  CO., 

.     Dealers  in     .     . 

GROCERIES,  ALES, 

WINES  AND  LIQUORS. 

16  SUFFOLK  STREET, 

WORCESTER,  -  -  AfASS.4  CHVSETTS. 

}.  E,  CONNOR  &  CO, 

GROCERIES,  ALES,  CHINES 

AND    LIQUORS. 

97=99  Canterbury  St., 

WORCESTER,  ...  MASSACHUSETTS. 

PATRICK   O'SHEA, 

Dealer    in 

Choice  Family  Groceries 

CHOICE  ALES,  WINES  and  LIQUORS. 


303   MILLB<4RT   STREET, 

WORCESTER,     MASSACHUSETTS. 


Dealer  in 


GROCERIES^  PROVISIONS 

ALSO.  ALES,    WINES    AND    LIQUORS, 
J19  SALEM  STREET,          *          £          WORCESTER,    MASS. 

TELEPHONE     Q89-12. 


Advertisements. 


273 


Telephone  953.      R.     J.     McMANUS,     •    • 

CHOICE  GROCERIES 

ALES,    WINES    AND    LIQUORS. 

FAMILY  TRADE  A  SPECIALTY. 

48  and  52  Green  St.,  Worcester,  flass. 

PIERRE  FONTAINE.        FONTAINE     6      COUTU,  JOSEPH  COUTU. 

GROCERIES,  MEATS,   PROVISIONS. 

FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC 

WINES  AND  LIQUORS,  ALES,  PORTER  AND  LAGER. 

136, 137, 1371  TKHasbington  St.,  iiaorcegtet 


TELEPHONE  107S-2. 


RICH    CUT 

Suitable  for 

MARRIAGE  AND  BIRTHDAY  PRESENTS. 

ALSO    WHIST    PRIZES. 


CDOROBSTER  CUT  GLASS  OJORKS, 

17  HERMON  STREET    (Near  Main),  WORCESTER,  MASS. 


GERMAN  AMERICAN  HOUSE, 

Newly     Renovated. 
Centrally  Located. 

JOSEPH  SAUER,  PROP. 
35,    37  and   3J>    Mechanic    St.,    Worcester. 

ON  THE  EUROPEAN  PLAN. 

Rooms  to  let  by  the  week   lo   jjentlenien   only. 
The  only  German  House  in  the  city. 

1'i-n  <•-   Keasonable. 


Marlboro  Cars  Pass  the  Door. 
Telephone  187-12. 

New  Hotel  Lyman, 

East  Side  of  Lake 
Ouinsigamond. 
WORCESTER,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Parties  accommodated  with  the  best  the  mar- 
ket affords  at  short  notice. 

F.  .7.  KING,  Prop. 

Rates  to  Suit  the  Times. 


.  DALY, 


Dealer  in 


WINES  AND  LIQUORS. 

J85  Cambridge   Street,     •**         •**         J*     Worcester,    Mass. 


TELEPHONE  219-4. 


274 


Advertisements. 


Co. 


A  dvertisements . 


275 


vJOHN  CD,  McKEON  SL  CO., 
Wholesale  Wine  and  Liquor  Dealers. 

A  Specialty:    BOTTLED    ALES,    WINES    AND    LAGER  FOB    FAMILY  USE. 

66  SOUTHBRIDGE  STREET,  Near  New  Post  Office,  WORCESTER. 

Telephone  44O. 


FOX, 

WHOLESALE  LIQUORS,  ALES  AND  WINES. 

BOTTLED  GOODS  A  SPECIALTY. 

474  millbuf      St.,  ttloreester. 


TELEPHONE   CONNECTION. 


Wholesale  Dealer  In 


WINES,  BRANDIES,  GINS, 

Kentucky  Whiskies,   Rye   and   Bourbons,  Etc. 
Imported    Porter,    Gins,   Brandies    and   Wines. 

Bottled  Goods  of  all  Kinds.  Best  Lager,  Pale  Ale,  Dark  Ale  and  Porter  by  the 
Case  for  Family  Trade.  Telephone  and  Express  Orders  Receive  Prompt 
Attention.  Telephone  16-3. 

21  WASHINGTON  SQUARE,  WORCESTER,  HASS. 


276 


Index. 


"  If  I  Repair  it  I  Will  Do  it 


JEWELER 


AND 


Established  1878. 


OPTICIAN 


GOOD  REPAIRING  A  SPECIALTY. 

YOUR  WATCH  CLEANED  FOR  $|.OO. 

BEST  MAIN-SPRING,  $|.OO. 
Warrantee/  One  Vear. 

OQyi     MAIN    STREET, 

O  i*  *T  SIGN  OK  THE  SIDEWALK  CLOCK. 


INDEX   TO   ADVERTISERS. 

Adams  &  Powers,                       260 

Cross,  E.  J.                                   243 

Hawes,  Edwin                              239 

./Etna  Knitting  Co.                      250 

Curtis,  A.  Eugene                       251 

Henry  Bros.                                  270 

Allen,  Frank  L.                          260 

Curtis  &  Marble  Machine  Co.  225 

Hewe'tt,  George  F.  Co.               274 

Allen-Higgins  Co.                      235 

Curtis  Mfg.  Co.                             262 

Heywood  Boot  &  Shoe  Co.        228 

American  Car  Sprinkler  Co.     219 

Cutting,  G.  H.  &  Co.                  240 

Hildreth  &  Putnam,                    259 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Co., 

Daly,  Samuel  F.                           273 

Hoar,  Rockwood                           265 

The                                             221 

Danforth,  E.  L.                            246 

Holden.John                                 260 

Athy,  Andrew                              258 

Darling,  L.  B.,  Fertilizer 

Hopkins,  Smith  &  Hopkins,    265 

Barnard,  Geo.  A.                          240 

Works,                                        253 

Hotel  Arlington,                          268 

Barnard,  Sumner  &  Putnam 

Davis  Bros.                                   247 

Hotel  Brunswick,                        267 

Co.                                               222 

Desper,  H.  A.                               249 

Hotel  du  Nord,                               260 

Barr,  H.  G.  &Co.                   „   262 

Dewhurst,  Wm.  A.                      251 

Hotel  Haven,                               263 

Bay  State  House,                         266 

Donohue,  D.  J.  &  Co.                 272 

Hotel  Lyman  (New).                  273 

Bay  State  Pink  Granite  Co.      241 

Doyle,  Peter                                    270 

Hotel  Rlaito,                                   269 

Bay  State  Wood  Co.                   246 

Duncan  &  Goodell  Co.                 263 

Howe,  D.  A.                                  261 

Becker's  Business  College,      256 

Eastern  Bridge  &  Structural 

Howe,  G    S.  &  A.  J.  Co.            229 

Bernstrom,  Benj.  J.                    259 

Co.                                               242 

Howard,  S.  1.                                 242 

Bieberbach  Bros.  &  Co. 
Back  fly-leaf 

Edgemere,                                       269 
Elmwood  House,                        269 

Hubley  Mfg.  &  Supply  Co.       264 
Jenks,  H.   L.  &  Son,                    24? 

Bishop,  J.  W.  &  Co.                   240 

Elliot  &  Hall,                               234 

_iensen,  S.  R.                                 208 

Boepple,  George                          255 

Empire  Laundry,                         256 

ohnson,  Carpenter  &  Co.          253 

Boucher,  Joseph                          245 

England,  W.  A.                           276 

Johnson,  Gustaf                            271 

Bradley,  E.  A,                              271 

Exchange  Hotel,                         269 

Johnson  &  Kettell  Co.                  264 

Bradley,  Osgood,  &  Sons,         251 

Fay  Bros.                                      258 

Jordan,  J.  W.  &  Co.                       239 

Braman,  Dow  &  Co.                   238 
Brewer  &  Co.                                262 

Finnigan,  M.  J.          Back  fly-leaf 
First  Nafl  Bank,  The                21  1 

Junction  Foundry  Co.                  237 
Kabley  Foundry  Co.                    232 

Brigham,  L.  L.                            252 

Flexible  Door  &  Shutter  Co.    241 

Kane,  -M.  J.                                      244 

Brooks,  J.  B.                                247 

Flint,  Wm.  S.                              263 

Kenney,  Michael                           243 

Brunelle,  F.  X.                            201 

Flodin  Studio,  The,  Back  fly-leaf 

Kidder,  R    E.                                 201; 

Burbank  Produce  Co.                 264 

Fontaine  &  Coutu,                        273 

Kimball,  S.  H.  &  Son,                 245 

Burns,  Wm.  H.  Co.                      222 

Forbush,  L.  P.                              256 

Kinnicutt  &  DeWitt,                    213 

Buttrick  &  Eddy,                        263 

Forehand  Arms  Co.                   224 

Knight,  E.  O.                               264 

Callahan  Bros.                             263 

Fowler  &  Co.                                  262 

Kumin  Bros.                                   264 

Callahan  Supply  Co.                   238 

Fox,  James                                    275 

Kumin,  N.                                       264 

Cameron  &  Cashmon,                 256 

French,  S.  A.                                 254 

Lincoln  House,                            267 

Campbell,  C.  R.                          239 

Friberg,  P.  A.                                246 

Lundborg,  A.  P.                            25-) 

Carr,  Geo.  W.                              242 

Frost,  Briggs  &  Chamberlain,  264 

Macullar  &  Son,                            249 

Caswell.  F.  A.  &  Co.                  258 

Fuller,  J.  Edward,  Jr..                260 

Mann,  Fred  A.  &  Co.                   231 

Chadwick,  John  F.  &  Co.           231 

Garbutt,  W.  A.  &  Co.                 249 

Marsh,  B.  F.                                   245 

Citizens'  National  Bank,  The  212 

Garbutt,  Wm.  &  Co.                     24!* 

Matthews  Mfg.  Co.                       233 

City  Hotel,                                    206 

German  American  House,         273 

McCloud,  Crane  &  Minter  Co.226 

City  National  Bank,  The           210 

Gessner,  David                            234 

McKeon,  John  W.  &  Co.             275 

City  Steam  Laundry,                    257 

Gilman  Carriage  Works,           261 

McLoughlin,  A.  A.                      239 

Cla'flin,  C.  W.  &  Co.                    230 

Girouard,  J.E.                               244 

McLoughlin,  P.                             271 

Clinton  &  Hudson  St.  Ry.  Co.  218 

Click,  H.                                          264 

McManus,  P.  J.                             273 

Coburn,  George  A.                       257 

Graton  i  Knight  Mfg   Co.        22? 

Alerrifield,  Wm.  T.,  estate  of    248 

Coburn,  A.  A.                              254 

Greene,  J.  W.                                 261 

Middlemas,  C.  A.  &  Co.             246 

Coes  Wrench  Co.                          219 

Haas  &  Fenner,         Back  fly-leaf 

Morgan  Construction  Co.           235 

Columbia  Electric  Co.                236 

Hammond  Reed  Co.                    236 

Morgan  Spring  Co.                       235 

Connor,  J.  E.  &  Co.                    272 

Harper,  Joseph                              270 

Moulton,  Edward                          254 

Cook,  C.  B.,  Laundry  Co.          257 

Harrington  &  Richardson 

Murphy,  T.  H.                               258 

Cranska  Thread  Co.,  The          248 

Arms  Co.                                     224 

Murray,                                             250 

Crawford  &  Co.                              236 

Hartigan,  John  A.                        249 

National  Biscuit  Co.                    263 

Crompton  &  Knowles  Loom 

Hastings.L.  A.  &  Co.                  261 

Norton  Em.  Wheel  Co.               228 

Works,                                          237 

Hatch  &  Barnes,                           241 

O'Day,  M.  F.                                  270 

Ordway,  P.  E.                              249 

Standard  Foundry  Co. 

«W 

Wire  Goods  Co.,  The                252 

O'Shea,  Patrick                             272 

£    ite  Mut.  Restaurant, 

263 

Wood,  Peter,  Dyeing  Co.          262 

Paquette,  Ed.                                245 

Si.ite  Safe  Deposit  Co. 

208 

Woodward,  Geo.  M.                   265 

Parisian  Wrapper  Mfg.  Co., 

St;ele,  A.  H.  &  Bro. 

234 

Worcester  B  us.  Inst.                  263 

The                                             262 

S-:    phan,  K.  H.  &  Co. 

252 

Worcester  Carpet  Co.                 223 

Pero,  Prespey                               265 

1    :>er  Organ  Co. 

262 

Worcester  &  Clinton  St.  Ry. 

Perry,  F.  D.                                    230 

Taylor  &  Tylee, 

260 

Co.                                               218 

Pierce,  E.  S.  Co. 

Th  lyer  &  Rugg, 

26S 

Worcester  Coal  Co.,  The           213 

Inside  back  cover 

Three  Little  Bros.  &  Co., 

26l 

Worcester  Concrete  Paving 

Pike's  Polish,                               250 

Tompkins,  H.  M.  &  Son, 

243 

Co.                                              243 

Prentice  Bros.  Co.                        225 

Tucker,  Win.  F. 

2OO 

Worcester  Consol.  St.  Ry.Co.  216 

Quinsigamond  Steamboat  Co. 

Union  Laundry  &  Clean 

Worcester  Corset  Co.                  226 

Back  fly-leaf 

Towel  Supply, 

^57 

Worcester  Co.  Inst.  for  Sav.     209 

Reed  &  Curtis  Mach.  Screw 

Union  Water  Meter  Co. 

227 

Worcester  Cut  Glass  Works,   273 

Co.                                               233 

Verner,  L. 

275 

Worcester  Driv   Park  Co.         253 

Reed,  F.  E.  Co.                           232 

Wachusett  Thread  Co. 

252 

Worcester  Electric  Lt.  Co.        215 

Regan's  Cafe,                               268 

Waldo  House, 

267 

Worcester  Gas  Lt.  Co.                214 

Rice,  King  &  Rice,                      265 

Walls,  C.  W.  &  Co. 

254 

Worcester  Mach.  Screw  Co.     233 

Rider,  P.  L.                                 255 

Walsh,  M.  B. 

272 

Worcester  Mechanics  Sav. 

Roy,  Alfred                                  258 

Warren,  J.  C. 

246 

Bank,  The                                 211 

Sanford-Sawtelle  Co.                    248 

Warren.J.  J.  Co. 

236 

Worcester  Mut.  Fire  Ins.  Co.  213 

Sargent,  J.  W.  &  Son  Co.          251 

Washburn  &  Garfield  Mfg. 

Worcester  Nat.  Bank.  The       209 

SchTesinger,  M.                           263 

Co. 

238 

Worcester  Rubber  Co.                255 

Scoville  <&  Wheeler,                    260 

Washburn,  J.  H. 

264 

Worcester  Safe  Deposit  & 

Sessions,  Geo.  &  Sons                259 

Watson,  James  H. 

252 

Trust  Co.                                      210 

Sherman  Envelope  Co.               262 

Webster,  Charles  S. 

265 

Worcester  Slipper  Co.                235 

Shredded  Wheat  Co.,  The 

Welch,  David 

263 

Worcester  Storage  Co.                247 

Inside  back  cover 

Wheeler  Eng.  Co.,  The 

25° 

Worcester  &  Suburban  St. 

Smith,  Green  Co.,  The               242 

Wheeler,  J.  S.  &  Co. 

234 

Ry.  Co.                                       217 

Smith,  Thomas  J.                          244 

White  &  Bagley  Co.,  The 

229 

Worcester  Thread  Co.                262 

Snyder,  J.  E.                                  232 

White,  Pevey  &  Dexter  Co. 

255 

Worcester  &  Webster  St.  Ry. 

Somers,  J'.  E.                                 262 

Wilmot,  George  J. 

247 

Co.,  The                                       218 

Soucy,  Adolphus  J.  &  Co.          271 

Wilson  &  Smith, 

254 

Wright  &  Colton  Wire  Cloth 

Spencer  Wire  Co.                        220 

Winslow  &  Co. 

212 

Co.                                               220 

State  Mutual  Life  Assurance 

Winslow,  Sam'l,  Skate  Mfg. 

Wyman  &  Gordon,                     233 

Co.                                               208 

Co.,  The 

227 

Zaeder's,                                          268 

POPULAR 


FINE  FRAMES,  COPYING  AND  ENLARGING  IN  CRAYON,  WATER  COLOR  OR  PASTEL. 
Strictly  First-class  Work.         .        .  476  MAIN  STREET,  Opp.  City  Hall. 


AT  LAKE  QUINSIGAMOND,   MASS. 


BOATS    CHARTERED   FOR    PRIVATE   PARTIES 
AT  ANY  TIME, 


Trips  up  the  Lake  Every  Half  Hour 
to  all  Points. 


HAAS  &  FENNER, 

BOATS  AND  CANOES  TO  LET. 

ON  THE  NORTH  SIDE  OF  THE  CAUSEWAY, 

L/AKB  QUINSIGAmOND.   MASS. 


TELEPHONE  557-     •     •     • 


.    .     IMPORTER  AND     .    . 


WHOLESALE 
LIQUOR  DEALER. 


63-65  FRANKLIN  ST., 

.    .    .        WORCESTER,    MASS. 

Bieberbach  Brothers  &  Co., 

Wholesale  Dealers  and  Importers  of 

WHI5KIE5,  WINE5, 

CORDIALS,   ETC. 

Distributing  Agents  for  Worcester,        .        . 

FOR  WRIGHT  &  TAYLOR,  DISTILLERS>  LOUIS- 
VILLE, KY.,  WHISKIES,  AND  THE  JIM  DOUG- 
LASS HAND-MADE  SOUR-MASH  WHISKEY. 


Anheuser  Busch  St.  Louis  Lager  and  the  Pfaffe  Brewing  Co., 

Boston,    Mass. 

Manufacturers  of  Ginger  Ale,  Lemon  Soda,  Peruvian  Beer 
and  all  Kinds  of  Aerated  Beverages.      ..... 

Ill,  113  Summer  St.,  Worcester,  JVfass. 


A     000  676  741     2 


E.  S.  PIERCE  COMPANY 


»&***  $$$3$$$$$ 

I  Wines,       J 
I  Liquors,     : 

|  Cordials,    ; 

*  —  . 
1  Etc. 

« 


Successors  to  8.  S.  PIERCE  &  SON. 
"          "    J.  S.  HILL. 


Wholesale 
Dealers 

ana 

Importers 
of 


Sole  owners  of 


OLD 


|  FEBRUARY  | 
PUNCH.      I 


Established  1856. 


69,  7J,  73  Mechanic  Street. 
WORCESTER,  MASS. 


G 


Shredded 


Whole  Wheat  | 
Biscuit 


Consists  of  the  whole  wheat  berry  (nothing  added),  made  light  and  short 
by  mechanical  shredding  and  thorough  cooking. 

Combine  with  the  necessary  bulk,  all  the  food  properties  requisite  for 
thorough  nourishment. 

Easily  digested — but  not  "predigested."  (The  digestive  organs  exist 
for  a  purpose,  and  any  attempt  to  deprive  them  of  their  natural  functions 
results  in  physical  degeneration. ) 

Especially  beneficial  for  indigestion,  constipation  and  kindred  complaints. 

Require  no  cooking — always  ready  for  use. 

Our  Cook  Book,  "The  Vital  Question,"  containing  over  250  recipes,  besides  valuable  in- 
formation for  housewives,  mailed  free  on  receipt  of  your  name  and  address  plainly  written. 

THE  SHREDDED  WHEAT  CO., 

Worcester,  Mass.,  U.  S.  A.  S 
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